使用HttpClient,我们可以执行分段上传,即可以在较小的部分上传较大的对象。在本章中,通过上传简单的文本文件来演示HTTP客户端中的分段上传。
通常,任何分段上传都包含三个部分。
对于使用HttpClient的分段上传,我们需要按照以下步骤 -
HttpEntity
。以下是使用HttpClient库上载多部分实体的步骤。
第1步 - 创建一个HttpClient对象HttpClients
类的createDefault()
方法返回类CloseableHttpClient
的对象,该对象是HttpClient
接口的基本实现。使用此方法,创建一个HttpClient
对象 -
//Creating CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
第2步 - 创建FileBody对象
FileBody
类表示由文件支持的二进制正文部分。通过传递File
对象和表示内容类型的ContentType
对象来实例化此类。
//Creating a File object File file = new File("sample.txt"); //Creating the FileBody object FileBody filebody = new FileBody(file, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY);
第3步 - 创建一个MultipartEntityBuilder类对象
MultipartEntityBuilder
类用于构建多部分HttpEntity
对象。使用create()
方法(同一个类)创建对象。
//Creating the MultipartEntityBuilder MultipartEntityBuilder entitybuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create();
第4步 - 设置模式MultipartEntityBuilder
有三种模式:STRICT
,RFC6532
和BROWSER_COMPATIBLE
。使用setMode()
方法将其设置为所需模式。
//Setting the mode entitybuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE);
第5步 - 添加各种所需的部分
使用addTextBody()
,addPart()
和addBinaryBody()
方法,可以将简单文本,文件,流和其他对象添加到MultipartBuilder
对象。使用这些方法添加所需的内容。
//Adding text entitybuilder.addTextBody("sample_text", "This is the text part of our file"); //Adding a file entitybuilder.addBinaryBody("image", new File("logo.png"));
第6步 - 构建单个实体
可以使用MultipartEntityBuilder
类的build()
方法将所有这些部件构建到单个实体。使用此方法,将所有部件构建到单个HttpEntity
中。
//Building a single entity using the parts HttpEntity mutiPartHttpEntity = entityBuilder.build();
第7步 - 创建RequestBuilder对象
RequestBuilder
类用于通过向其添加参数来构建请求。如果请求的类型为PUT或POST,则它将参数作为URL编码实体添加到请求中。
使用post()
方法创建RequestBuilder
对象(类型为POST
)。并将想要发送请求的Uri作为参数传递给它。
//Building the post request object RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post("http://httpbin.org/post");
第8步 - 将实体对象设置为RequestBuilder
使用RequestBuilder
类的setEntity()
方法将上面创建的multipart
实体设置为RequestBuilder
。
//Setting the entity object to the RequestBuilder reqbuilder.setEntity(mutiPartHttpEntity);
第9步 - 构建HttpUriRequest
使用RequestBuilder
类的build()
方法构建HttpUriRequest
请求对象。
//Building the request HttpUriRequest multipartRequest = reqbuilder.build();
第10步 - 执行请求
使用execute()
方法,执行上一步中构建的请求(绕过请求作为此方法的参数)。
//Executing the request HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(multipartRequest);
以下示例演示了如何使用HttpClient
库发送多部分请求。在此示例中,尝试发送由文件支持的分段请求。
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity; import org.apache.http.HttpResponse; import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest; import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.HttpMultipartMode; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder; import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody; import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient; import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients; import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URISyntaxException; public class MultipartUploadExample { public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception{ //Creating CloseableHttpClient object CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); //Creating a file object File file = new File("sample.txt"); //Creating the FileBody object FileBody filebody = new FileBody(file, ContentType.DEFAULT_BINARY); //Creating the MultipartEntityBuilder MultipartEntityBuilder entitybuilder = MultipartEntityBuilder.create(); //Setting the mode entitybuilder.setMode(HttpMultipartMode.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE); //Adding text entitybuilder.addTextBody("sample_text", "This is the text part of our file"); //Adding a file entitybuilder.addBinaryBody("image", new File("logo.png")); //Building a single entity using the parts HttpEntity mutiPartHttpEntity = entitybuilder.build(); //Building the RequestBuilder request object RequestBuilder reqbuilder = RequestBuilder.post("http://httpbin.org/post"); //Set the entity object to the RequestBuilder reqbuilder.setEntity(mutiPartHttpEntity); //Building the request HttpUriRequest multipartRequest = reqbuilder.build(); //Executing the request HttpResponse httpresponse = httpclient.execute(multipartRequest); //Printing the status and the contents of the response System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(httpresponse.getEntity())); System.out.println(httpresponse.getStatusLine()); } }
执行上面示例代码,得到以下结果:
{ "args": {}, "data": "", "files": { "image": "data:application/octets66PohrH3IWNk1FzpohfdXPIfv9X3490FGcuXsHn9X0piCwomF/xdgADZ9GsfSyvLYAAAAAE lFTkSuQmCC" }, "form": { "sample_text": "This is the text part of our file" }, "headers": { "Accept-Encoding": "gzip,deflate", "Connection": "close", "Content-Length": "11104", "Content-Type": "multipart/form-data; boundary=UFJbPHT7mTwpVq70LpZgCi5I2nvxd1g-I8Rt", "Host": "httpbin.org", "User-Agent": "Apache-HttpClient/4.5.6 (Java/1.8.0_91)" }, "json": null, "origin": "217.216.100.180", "url": "http://httpbin.org/post" } HTTP/1.1 200 OK