【流媒体】Nginx+nginx-http-flv-module流媒体+鉴权

本文主要是介绍【流媒体】Nginx+nginx-http-flv-module流媒体+鉴权，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

Nginx安装及依赖

pcre

wget https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.44/pcre-8.44.tar.gz
tar -zxvf pcre-8.44.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.44
./configure
make
sudo make install

zlib

wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
tar -zxf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.11
./configure
make
sudo make install

openssl

wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.1g.tar.gz
tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.1g.tar.gz
cd openssl-1.1.1g
./Configure LIST | grep -i linux
./Configure linux-x86_64 --prefix=/usr
make
sudo make install

nginx

nginx下载

xwget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz
tar zxf nginx-1.18.0.tar.gz

nginx-http-flv-module下载

git clone https://github.com/winshining/nginx-http-flv-module.git

编译

cd nginx-1.18.0
./configure --add-module=../nginx-http-flv-module (nginx-http-flv-module的路径)
make
sudo make install

配置nginx

配置文件路径/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

重点配置介绍

...
 
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
    keepalive_timeout  65;
 
    server {
        listen       80; #http-flv的拉流端口
 
        ...
        
        # http-flv的相关配置
        location /live {
            flv_live on; #打开HTTP播放FLV直播流功能
            chunked_transfer_encoding on; #支持'Transfer-Encoding: chunked'方式回复
 
            add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; #添加额外的HTTP头
            add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; #添加额外的HTTP头
        }
 
        ...
    }
}
 
rtmp_auto_push on;
rtmp_auto_push_reconnect 1s;
rtmp_socket_dir /tmp;
 
rtmp {
    out_queue           4096;
    out_cork            8;
    max_streams         128;
    timeout             15s;
    drop_idle_publisher 15s;
 
    log_interval 5s; #log模块在access.log中记录日志的间隔时间，对调试非常有用
    log_size     1m; #log模块用来记录日志的缓冲区大小
 
    server {
        listen 1935;
        server_name www.test.*; #用于虚拟主机名后缀通配
 
        #ffmpeg推流的application 
        application myapp {
            live on;
            gop_cache on; #打开GOP缓存，减少首屏等待时间 on时第一帧加载快，off时第一帧加载慢 
            # @StringKai 在博客https://blog.csdn.net/string_kai/article/details/100598268提到on时延高，off时延低，不过我在测试时并没有感觉出时延的差别
        }
 
       ...
    }
 
   ...
}

完整配置文件

worker_processes  1; #should be 1 for Windows, for it doesn't support Unix domain socket
#worker_processes  auto; #from versions 1.3.8 and 1.2.5

#worker_cpu_affinity  0001 0010 0100 1000; #only available on FreeBSD and Linux
#worker_cpu_affinity  auto; #from version 1.9.10

error_log logs/error.log error;

#if the module is compiled as a dynamic module and features relevant
#to RTMP are needed, the command below MUST be specified and MUST be
#located before events directive, otherwise the module won't be loaded
#or will be loaded unsuccessfully when NGINX is started

#load_module modules/ngx_http_flv_live_module.so;

events {
    worker_connections  4096;
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {
        listen       80;

        location / {
            root   /var/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        location /live {
            flv_live on; #open flv live streaming (subscribe)
            chunked_transfer_encoding  on; #open 'Transfer-Encoding: chunked' response

            add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; #add additional HTTP header
            add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; #add additional HTTP header
        }

        location /hls {
            types {
                application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
                video/mp2t ts;
            }

            root /tmp;
            add_header 'Cache-Control' 'no-cache';
        }

        location /dash {
            root /tmp;
            add_header 'Cache-Control' 'no-cache';
        }

        location /stat {
            #configuration of streaming & recording statistics

            rtmp_stat all;
            rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
        }

        location /stat.xsl {
            root /var/www/rtmp; #specify in where stat.xsl located
        }

        #if JSON style stat needed, no need to specify
        #stat.xsl but a new directive rtmp_stat_format

        #location /stat {
        #    rtmp_stat all;
        #    rtmp_stat_format json;
        #}

        location /control {
            rtmp_control all; #configuration of control module of rtmp
        }
    }
}

rtmp_auto_push on;
rtmp_auto_push_reconnect 1s;
rtmp_socket_dir /tmp;

rtmp {
    out_queue           4096;
    out_cork            8;
    max_streams         128;
    timeout             15s;
    drop_idle_publisher 15s;

    log_interval 5s; #interval used by log module to log in access.log, it is very useful for debug
    log_size     1m; #buffer size used by log module to log in access.log

    server {
        listen 1935;
        server_name www.test.*; #for suffix wildcard matching of virtual host name

        application myapp {
            live on;
            gop_cache on; #open GOP cache for reducing the wating time for the first picture of video
        }

        application hls {
            live on;
            hls on;
            hls_path /tmp/hls;
        }

        application dash {
            live on;
            dash on;
            dash_path /tmp/dash;
        }
    }

    server {
        listen 1935;
        server_name *.test.com; #for prefix wildcard matching of virtual host name

        application myapp {
            live on;
            gop_cache on; #open GOP cache for reducing the wating time for the first picture of video
        }
    }

    server {
        listen 1935;
        server_name www.test.com; #for completely matching of virtual host name

        application myapp {
            live on;
            gop_cache on; #open GOP cache for reducing the wating time for the first picture of video
        }
    }
}

推拉流

推流

rtmp://ip:1935/myapp/mystream

1935与nginx配置listen 1935对应，myapp与nginx配置中application myapp对应，mystream为推流密码

ffmpeg

ffmpeg -rtsp_transport tcp -i rtsp://user:password@ip:port/Streaming/channels/101 -c copy -f flv rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/myapp/mystream
参数解析
- 　　-rtsp_transport tcp：固定写法
- 　　user：用户名
- 　　password：密码
- 　　ip：摄像头或NVR的IP地址
- 　　port：摄像头或NVR的RTSP端口，默认是554，具体的RTSP取流规则可以百度
- 　　-c copy：输出直接复制，不转换格式
- 　　-f flv：转成flv
- rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/myapp/mystream：
  - 　　根据Nginx配置文件生成，端口号1935与nginx配置中的listen 1935对应；
  - 　　myapp对应配置文件中的application myapp；
  - 　　mystream名字不固定，会在后续用flvjs取流时用到

obs推流

拉流

vlc rtmp拉流

flv.js拉流

flvjs是哔哩哔哩开源的web播放器，使用方法可以参考官方demo。但是官方给出的demo代码比较多，如果只是想简单实现的话可以参考下方的完整代码，注意flvjs是通过bootcdn引入的。

关键代码说明

var flvPlayer = flvjs.createPlayer({
                type: 'flv',
                enableWorker: true,     //浏览器端开启flv.js的worker,多进程运行flv.js
                isLive: true,           //直播模式
                hasAudio: true,        //开启音频             
                hasVideo: true,
                stashInitialSize: 128,  
                enableStashBuffer: false, //播放flv时，设置是否启用播放缓存，只在直播起作用。
                url: ''
            })

url格式 http://ip:80/live?port=1935&app=myapp&stream=mystream
ip:80中的80端口与nginx配置中listen 80对应，

后面的三个get参数port=1935&app=myapp&stream=mystream是固定格式，

1935与nginx配置listen 1935对应，

myapp与nginx配置中application myapp对应，

mystream与ffmpeg推流命令最后的rtmp://127.0.0.1:1935/myapp/mystream 对应

完整代码

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
    <title>flv.js demo</title>
    <style>
        .mainContainer {
            display: block;
            width: 1024px;
            margin-left: auto;
            margin-right: auto;
        }

        .urlInput {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
            margin-left: auto;
            margin-right: auto;
            margin-top: 8px;
            margin-bottom: 8px;
        }

        .centeredVideo {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
            height: 576px;
            margin-left: auto;
            margin-right: auto;
            margin-bottom: auto;
        }

        .controls {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
            text-align: left;
            margin-left: auto;
            margin-right: auto;
        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div class="mainContainer">
        <video id="videoElement" class="centeredVideo" controls width="1024" height="576">Your browser is too old which doesn't support HTML5 video.</video>
    </div>
    <br>
    <div class="controls">
        <button onclick="flv_start()">开始</button>
        <button onclick="flv_pause()">暂停</button>
        <button onclick="flv_destroy()">停止</button>
        <input style="width:100px" type="text" name="seekpoint" />
        <button onclick="flv_seekto()">跳转</button>
    </div>
    <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/flv.js/1.5.0/flv.js"></script>
    <script>
        var vElement = document.getElementById('videoElement');
        if (flvjs.isSupported()) {
            var flvPlayer = flvjs.createPlayer({
                type: 'flv',
                enableWorker: true,     //浏览器端开启flv.js的worker,多进程运行flv.js
                isLive: true,           //直播模式
                hasAudio: true,        //关闭音频             
                hasVideo: true,
                stashInitialSize: 128,  
                enableStashBuffer: false, //播放flv时，设置是否启用播放缓存，只在直播起作用。
                url: 'http://example.com/live?port=1935&app=myapp&stream=mystream'
            });
            flvPlayer.attachMediaElement(vElement)
            flvPlayer.load() //加载
        }
        
        setInterval(function () {
            vElement.playbackRate = 1
            console.log("时延校正判断");
            if (!vElement.buffered.length) {
                return
            }
            var end = vElement.buffered.end(0)
            var diff = end - vElement.currentTime
            console.log(diff)
            if (5 <= diff && diff <=60) {
                console.log("二倍速")
                vElement.playbackRate = 2
            }
            if (diff > 60) {
                console.log("跳帧")
                vElement.currentTime = end
            }
        }, 2500)

        function flv_start() {
            flvPlayer.play()
        }

        function flv_pause() {
            flvPlayer.pause()
        }

        function flv_destroy() {
            flvPlayer.pause()
            flvPlayer.unload()
            flvPlayer.detachMediaElement()
            flvPlayer.destroy()
            flvPlayer = null
        }

        function flv_seekto() {
            player.currentTime = parseFloat(document.getElementsByName('seekpoint')[0].value)
        }
        
    </script>
</body>
</html>

其他问题

至此已经完成了整个实现过程，但是还有一些问题需要注意。

累积时延问题

由于网络波动或者网页切换到后台等原因，flvjs播放会有累积时延，这在摄像头监控画面中是无法忍受的，

主要参考了github issues以及【入门】无插件web直播解决方案，ffmpeg+nginx-http-flv-module+flv.js给出的解决方案:

video对象可以获取currentTime以及endTime，设置一个定时器比较一下二者时间差，时间差小于60s时倍速播放，大于60s时直接跳帧，

因为视频监控的用户更关心最近的画面，如下：

   setInterval(function () {
            vElement.playbackRate = 1
            console.log("时延校正判断");
            if (!vElement.buffered.length) {
                return
            }
            var end = vElement.buffered.end(0)
            var diff = end - vElement.currentTime
            console.log(diff)
            if (5 <= diff && diff <=60) {
                console.log("二倍速")
                vElement.playbackRate = 2
            }
            if (diff > 60) {
                console.log("跳帧")
                vElement.currentTime = end
            }
        }, 2500)

自动播放问题

有时候可能一个web页面需要展示好几个监控视频画面，让用户依次点击开始播放不太方便，

需要在video标签中加入autoplay 属性实现自动播放，但是一些浏览器比如chrome禁止音频内容的自动播放，可以在video标签中加入muted属性，如下：

<video id="videoElement" class="centeredVideo" muted autoplay width="1024" height="576">Your browser is too old which doesn't support HTML5 video.</video>

flvjs播放器要主动销毁

该问题是我在使用Vue进行前端开发时遇到的，在离开某个Vue页面后并没有主动销毁flvjs的播放器，后台仍然在接受数据，

导致再次回到该页面时无法重复创建flvjs播放器，加载不出监控画面。解决方法是在离开页面的回调函数中写入销毁的函数

        function flv_destroy() {
            flvPlayer.pause()
            flvPlayer.unload()
            flvPlayer.detachMediaElement()
            flvPlayer.destroy()
            flvPlayer = null
        }

保存直播视频到服务器

server {
        listen 1935;
        server_name www.test.*; #用于虚拟主机名后缀通配
 
        application myapp {
            live on;
                record video;                         #记录直播视频
                record_path /tmp/rec;                 #视频保存路径
                record_suffix -%d-%b-%y-%T.flv;       #视频保存名：日期+.flv

回调鉴权

nginx-rtmp默认url过长截断问题

修改nginx-http-flv-module目录下的ngx_rtmp_cmd_module.h文件

flv.js访问url

http://127.0.0.1:81/live?port=1935&app=myapp&stream=mystream&key=***

 　　　　@PostMapping("check")
        public void check(@RequestParam("key") String key){
            System.out.println(key);
        }

nginx配置

# Many publishers, many subscribers
        # no checks, no recording
        application myapp {

            live on;

            # The following notifications receive all
            # the session variables as well as
            # particular call arguments in HTTP POST
            # request

            # Make HTTP request & use HTTP retcode
            # to decide whether to allow publishing
            # from this connection or not
            on_publish http://localhost:8080/publish;

            # Same with playing
            on_play http://localhost:8080/play;
            on_play_done http://localhost:8080/play_done;

            # Publish/play end (repeats on disconnect)
            on_done http://localhost:8080/done;

            # All above mentioned notifications receive
            # standard connect() arguments as well as
            # play/publish ones. If any arguments are sent
            # with GET-style syntax to play & publish
            # these are also included.
            # Example URL:
            #   rtmp://localhost/myapp/mystream?a=b&c=d

            # record 10 video keyframes (no audio) every 2 minutes
            record keyframes;
            record_path /tmp/vc;
            record_max_frames 10;
            record_interval 2m;

            # Async notify about an flv recorded
            on_record_done http://localhost:8080/record_done;

        }