Nginx教程

Nginx部署,平滑添加Nginx模块,Nginx搭建小游戏

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一、Nginx概述

  1、Nginx是一个开源且高性能、可靠的http web服务、代理服务

    开源:直接获取源代码

    高性能:支持海量开发

    可靠:服务稳定

  2、Nginx使用的是Epoll网络模型

    select:当用户发起一次请求,select模型就会进行一次遍历扫描,从而导致性能低下

    Epoll:当用户发起一次请求,epoll模型会直接进行处理,效率高,并无连接限制

  官网地址:https://nginx.org/

  软件下载地址:https://nginx.org/download/

二、部署Nginx

  1、yum安装

    进入官网地址--->documentation

    [root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo

    [root@web01 ~]# yum install nginx -y

    [root@web01 ~]# systemctl stop httpd

    [root@web01 ~]# systemctl start nginx

[root@web01 ~]# nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/

  2、二进制安装

  3、编译安装

    进入官网地址--->download--->复制链接地址

    [root@web02 ~]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz

    [root@web02 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz

    [root@web02 ~]# ./configure

    [root@web02 ~]# make

    [root@web02 ~]# make install

[root@web02 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments:

三、平滑增加Nginx模块

  增加模块必须重新编译

  [root@web02 ~]# rm -rf nginx-1.20.2

  [root@web02 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz

  [root@web02 ~]# cd nginx-1.20.2

  [root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure --help

  [root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#./configure  --with-http_ssl_module

  [root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]# yum install openssl openssl-devel -y

  [root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#./configure  --with-http_ssl_module

  [root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#make

  [root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#make install

[root@web02 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
nginx version: nginx/1.20.2
built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) 
built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips  26 Jan 2017
TLS SNI support enabled
configure arguments: --with-http_ssl_module

四、Nginx的命令

  查看nginx的命令:nginx -h

  -v:打印版本号

  -V:打印版本号和配置项

  -t:检查配置文件

[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

  -T:测试配置文件并启动

  -q:打印错误日志

  -s:操作进程

    stop:停止

    quit:退出

    reopen:重启

    reload:重载

  -p:指定nginx的工作目录

  -e:指定错误日志路径

  -c:指定配置文件的路径

  -g:设置一个全局的nginx配置项

    [root@web01 ~]# nginx -g 'daemon off;'

五、Nginx配置文件

  全局配置和模块配置

[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

user  nginx;    # 指定nginx的启动用户
worker_processes  auto;    # 定义nginx的worker进程数;auto:CPU数量

error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;    # 错误日志路径
pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;    # pid的存放文件路径


events {    # 事件模块配置
    worker_connections  1024;    # 每一个worker进程最多同时接入多少个请求; use:指定nginx的网络模型
}


http {    # web服务的模块
    include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;    # 加载外部的配置项
    default_type  application/octet-stream;    # 如果找不到文件的类型,则按照指定默认类型处理

# log_format:定义日志格式,一般使用json格式
    log_format json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
                  '"host":"$server_addr",'
                  '"service":"nginxTest",'
                  '"trace":"$upstream_http_ctx_transaction_id",'
                  '"log":"log",'
                  '"clientip":"$remote_addr",'
                  '"remote_user":"$remote_user",'
                  '"request":"$request",'
                  '"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
                  '"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
                  '"responsetime":$request_time,'
                  '"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
                  '"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
                  '"http_host":"$host",'
                  '"url":"$uri",'
                  '"domain":"$host",'
                  '"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
                  '"referer":"$http_referer",'
                  '"status":"$status"}';

    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log json ;

    sendfile        on;    # 高效读取文件
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;    # 长连接保持的时间

    #gzip  on;

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server {    # 网址模块
    listen       80;    # 监听的端口
    server_name  localhost;    # 定义域名

    #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;

    location / {    # 访问路径
        root   /usr/share/nginx/html;    # 指定网址路径
        index  index.html index.htm;    # 指定网址的索引文件
    }

查看日志,json格式

[root@web01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log

{"@timestamp":"2021-12-31T17:24:21+08:00","host":"192.168.15.7","service":"nginxTest","trace":"-","log":"log","clientip":"192.168.15.1","remote_user":"-","request":"GET / HTTP/1.1","http_user_agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36","size":0,"responsetime":0.000,"upstreamtime":"-","upstreamhost":"-","http_host":"192.168.15.7","url":"/index.html","domain":"192.168.15.7","xff":"-","referer":"-","status":"304"}

六、Nginx搭建小游戏

6.1、超级玛丽

  1、创建目录

    [root@web01 ~]# cd /opt/

    [root@web01 opt]# mkdir Super_Marie

  2、上传代码

[root@web01 Super_Marie]# ll
total 176
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   329 Dec 31 17:38 images
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  1703 Dec 31 17:38 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72326 Dec 31 17:38 jquery.js
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 78982 Dec 31 17:38 QAuIByrkL.js
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  4777 Dec 31 17:38 VNkyVaVxUV.css
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  9539 Dec 31 17:38 wNGu2CtEMx.js

  3、编辑配置文件

[root@web01 Super_Marie]# pwd
/opt/Super_Marie
[root@web01 Super_Marie]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@web01 conf.d]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1072 Nov 16 23:02 default.conf
[root@web01 conf.d]# vim sup_game.conf
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat sup_game.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name sup_game.test.com;
    location / {
        root /opt/Super_Marie;
    index index.html;
    }
}

  4、测试配置文件是否正常

[root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

  5、重启Nginx

    [root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx

  6、域名解析

    C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

    172.16.1.7 sup_game.test.com

 

 6.2、象棋

  1、创建目录

    [root@web01 opt]# mkdir Chinese_chess

  2、上传代码

[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root   22 Dec 31 18:02 css
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root   36 Dec 31 18:02 img
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3266 Dec 31 18:02 index.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  120 Dec 31 18:02 js

  3、编辑配置文件

[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/chess_game.conf
[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/chess_game.conf
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name chess_game.test.com;
    location / {
    root /opt/Chinese_chess;
    index index.html;
    }
}

  4、测试配置文件是否正常

[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

  5、重启nginx

    [root@web01 Chinese_chess]# systemctl restart nginx

  6、域名解析

    C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

    172.16.1.7 sup_game.test.com chess_game.test.com

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