Nginx教程
Nginx部署，平滑添加Nginx模块，Nginx搭建小游戏
一、Nginx概述
1、Nginx是一个开源且高性能、可靠的http web服务、代理服务
开源：直接获取源代码
高性能：支持海量开发
可靠：服务稳定
2、Nginx使用的是Epoll网络模型
select：当用户发起一次请求，select模型就会进行一次遍历扫描，从而导致性能低下
Epoll：当用户发起一次请求，epoll模型会直接进行处理，效率高，并无连接限制
官网地址：https://nginx.org/
软件下载地址：https://nginx.org/download/
二、部署Nginx
1、yum安装
进入官网地址--->documentation
[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/nginx.repo
[root@web01 ~]# yum install nginx -y
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start nginx
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.20.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --prefix=/etc/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx --modules-path=/usr/lib64/nginx/
2、二进制安装
3、编译安装
进入官网地址--->download--->复制链接地址
[root@web02 ~]# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
[root@web02 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
[root@web02 ~]# ./configure
[root@web02 ~]# make
[root@web02 ~]# make install
[root@web02 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.20.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments:
三、平滑增加Nginx模块
增加模块必须重新编译
[root@web02 ~]# rm -rf nginx-1.20.2
[root@web02 ~]# tar -xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz
[root@web02 ~]# cd nginx-1.20.2
[root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure --help
[root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#./configure --with-http_ssl_module
[root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]# yum install openssl openssl-devel -y
[root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#./configure --with-http_ssl_module
[root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#make
[root@web02 nginx-1.20.2]#make install
[root@web02 ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.20.2 built by gcc 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.2k-fips 26 Jan 2017 TLS SNI support enabled configure arguments: --with-http_ssl_module
四、Nginx的命令
查看nginx的命令：nginx -h
-v：打印版本号
-V：打印版本号和配置项
-t：检查配置文件
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
-T：测试配置文件并启动
-q：打印错误日志
-s：操作进程
stop：停止
quit：退出
reopen：重启
reload：重载
-p：指定nginx的工作目录
-e：指定错误日志路径
-c：指定配置文件的路径
-g：设置一个全局的nginx配置项
[root@web01 ~]# nginx -g 'daemon off;'
五、Nginx配置文件
全局配置和模块配置
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user nginx; # 指定nginx的启动用户
worker_processes auto; # 定义nginx的worker进程数；auto：CPU数量
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; # 错误日志路径
pid /var/run/nginx.pid; # pid的存放文件路径
events { # 事件模块配置
worker_connections 1024; # 每一个worker进程最多同时接入多少个请求； use：指定nginx的网络模型
}
http { # web服务的模块
include /etc/nginx/mime.types; # 加载外部的配置项
default_type application/octet-stream; # 如果找不到文件的类型，则按照指定默认类型处理
# log_format：定义日志格式，一般使用json格式
log_format json '{"@timestamp":"$time_iso8601",'
'"host":"$server_addr",'
'"service":"nginxTest",'
'"trace":"$upstream_http_ctx_transaction_id",'
'"log":"log",'
'"clientip":"$remote_addr",'
'"remote_user":"$remote_user",'
'"request":"$request",'
'"http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent",'
'"size":$body_bytes_sent,'
'"responsetime":$request_time,'
'"upstreamtime":"$upstream_response_time",'
'"upstreamhost":"$upstream_addr",'
'"http_host":"$host",'
'"url":"$uri",'
'"domain":"$host",'
'"xff":"$http_x_forwarded_for",'
'"referer":"$http_referer",'
'"status":"$status"}';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log json ;
sendfile on; # 高效读取文件
#tcp_nopush on;
keepalive_timeout 65; # 长连接保持的时间
#gzip on;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}
[root@web01 ~]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
server { # 网址模块
listen 80; # 监听的端口
server_name localhost; # 定义域名
#access_log /var/log/nginx/host.access.log main;
location / { # 访问路径
root /usr/share/nginx/html; # 指定网址路径
index index.html index.htm; # 指定网址的索引文件
}
查看日志，json格式
[root@web01 ~]# tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
{"@timestamp":"2021-12-31T17:24:21+08:00","host":"192.168.15.7","service":"nginxTest","trace":"-","log":"log","clientip":"192.168.15.1","remote_user":"-","request":"GET / HTTP/1.1","http_user_agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/96.0.4664.45 Safari/537.36","size":0,"responsetime":0.000,"upstreamtime":"-","upstreamhost":"-","http_host":"192.168.15.7","url":"/index.html","domain":"192.168.15.7","xff":"-","referer":"-","status":"304"}
六、Nginx搭建小游戏
6.1、超级玛丽
1、创建目录
[root@web01 ~]# cd /opt/
[root@web01 opt]# mkdir Super_Marie
2、上传代码
[root@web01 Super_Marie]# ll total 176 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 329 Dec 31 17:38 images -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1703 Dec 31 17:38 index.html -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 72326 Dec 31 17:38 jquery.js -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 78982 Dec 31 17:38 QAuIByrkL.js -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4777 Dec 31 17:38 VNkyVaVxUV.css -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 9539 Dec 31 17:38 wNGu2CtEMx.js
3、编辑配置文件
[root@web01 Super_Marie]# pwd
/opt/Super_Marie
[root@web01 Super_Marie]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/
[root@web01 conf.d]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1072 Nov 16 23:02 default.conf
[root@web01 conf.d]# vim sup_game.conf
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat sup_game.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name sup_game.test.com;
location / {
root /opt/Super_Marie;
index index.html;
}
}
4、测试配置文件是否正常
[root@web01 conf.d]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
5、重启Nginx
[root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
6、域名解析
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
172.16.1.7 sup_game.test.com
6.2、象棋
1、创建目录
[root@web01 opt]# mkdir Chinese_chess
2、上传代码
[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 22 Dec 31 18:02 css drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 36 Dec 31 18:02 img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3266 Dec 31 18:02 index.html drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 120 Dec 31 18:02 js
3、编辑配置文件
[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/chess_game.conf
[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/chess_game.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name chess_game.test.com;
location / {
root /opt/Chinese_chess;
index index.html;
}
}
4、测试配置文件是否正常
[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
5、重启nginx
[root@web01 Chinese_chess]# systemctl restart nginx
6、域名解析
C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
172.16.1.7 sup_game.test.com chess_game.test.com
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