Nginx教程

三、Nginx配置文件说明

本文主要是介绍三、Nginx配置文件说明,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

一、配置文件路径

/usr/local/nginx/conf

二、配置文件

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

三、说明

1、nginx的配置文件由三部分组成

       第一部分:全局块
              从配置文件开始到events块之间的内容,主要会设置一些影响nginx服务器整体运行的配置指令。主要包括配置运行nginx服务器的用户(组)、允许生产的worker process数,进程PID存放路径、日志存放路径和类型以及配置文件的引入等。

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;

              worker_processes 1; 表示nginx服务器并发处理服务的关键配置,worker_process值越大,可以支持的并发处理量也越多,但是会受到硬件,软件等设备的制约。

       第二部分:events块

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}

              events块设计的指令主要影响Nginx服务器与用户的网络连接,常用的设置包括是否开启对多work process下的网络连接进行序列化,是否允许同时接收多个网络连接,选取哪种事件驱动模型来处理连接请求,每个word process可以同时支持的最大连接数等。
              上面标示每个word process支持的最大连接数为1024。
              events部分的配置对nginx的性能影响较大,在实际中应该灵活配置。

       第三部分:http块

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

              nginx服务器配置中最频繁的部分,代理,缓存和日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里。
需要注意的是:http块也可以包括http全局块、server块。

1、http全局块

       http全局块配置的指令包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等。

2、server块

       这块和虚拟主机有密切关系,虚拟主机从用户角度看,和一台独立的硬件主机是完全一样,该技术的产生是为了节省互联网服务器硬件成本。

       每个http块可以包括多个server块,而每个server块就相当于一个虚拟主机。
       每个server块也分为全局server块,以及可以同时包含多个location块。

       1、全局server块

              最常见的配置是本虚拟机主机的监听配置和本虚拟主机的名称或IP配置

       2、location块

              一个server块可以配置多个location块
              这块的主要作用是基于nginx服务器接收到的请求字符串(例如:server_name/uri-string),对虚拟主机名称(也可以是IP别名)之外的字符串(例如:前面的/uri-string)进行匹配,对特定的请求进行处理。地址定向、数据缓存和应答控制等功能,还有许多第三方模块的配置也在这里进行。

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