/usr/local/nginx/conf
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 1024; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
1、nginx的配置文件由三部分组成
第一部分:全局块
从配置文件开始到events块之间的内容,主要会设置一些影响nginx服务器整体运行的配置指令。主要包括配置运行nginx服务器的用户(组)、允许生产的worker process数,进程PID存放路径、日志存放路径和类型以及配置文件的引入等。
#user nobody; worker_processes 1; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid;
worker_processes 1; 表示nginx服务器并发处理服务的关键配置,worker_process值越大,可以支持的并发处理量也越多,但是会受到硬件,软件等设备的制约。
第二部分:events块
events { worker_connections 1024; }
events块设计的指令主要影响Nginx服务器与用户的网络连接,常用的设置包括是否开启对多work process下的网络连接进行序列化,是否允许同时接收多个网络连接,选取哪种事件驱动模型来处理连接请求,每个word process可以同时支持的最大连接数等。
上面标示每个word process支持的最大连接数为1024。
events部分的配置对nginx的性能影响较大,在实际中应该灵活配置。
第三部分:http块
http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; sendfile on; #tcp_nopush on; #keepalive_timeout 0; keepalive_timeout 65; #gzip on; server { listen 80; server_name localhost; #charset koi8-r; #access_log logs/host.access.log main; location / { root html; index index.html index.htm; } #error_page 404 /404.html; # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html # error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80 # #location ~ \.php$ { # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1; #} # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000 # #location ~ \.php$ { # root html; # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; # fastcgi_index index.php; # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name; # include fastcgi_params; #} # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root # concurs with nginx's one # #location ~ /\.ht { # deny all; #} } # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration # #server { # listen 8000; # listen somename:8080; # server_name somename alias another.alias; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} # HTTPS server # #server { # listen 443 ssl; # server_name localhost; # ssl_certificate cert.pem; # ssl_certificate_key cert.key; # ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m; # ssl_session_timeout 5m; # ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5; # ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; # location / { # root html; # index index.html index.htm; # } #} }
nginx服务器配置中最频繁的部分,代理,缓存和日志定义等绝大多数功能和第三方模块的配置都在这里。
需要注意的是:http块也可以包括http全局块、server块。
1、http全局块
http全局块配置的指令包括文件引入、MIME-TYPE定义、日志自定义、连接超时时间、单链接请求数上限等。
2、server块
这块和虚拟主机有密切关系,虚拟主机从用户角度看,和一台独立的硬件主机是完全一样,该技术的产生是为了节省互联网服务器硬件成本。
每个http块可以包括多个server块,而每个server块就相当于一个虚拟主机。
每个server块也分为全局server块,以及可以同时包含多个location块。
1、全局server块
最常见的配置是本虚拟机主机的监听配置和本虚拟主机的名称或IP配置
2、location块
一个server块可以配置多个location块
这块的主要作用是基于nginx服务器接收到的请求字符串(例如:server_name/uri-string),对虚拟主机名称(也可以是IP别名)之外的字符串(例如:前面的/uri-string)进行匹配,对特定的请求进行处理。地址定向、数据缓存和应答控制等功能,还有许多第三方模块的配置也在这里进行。