org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate
类是JDBC核心包中的中心类。它简化了JDBC的使用,并有助于避免常见的错误。 它执行核心JDBC工作流,留下应用程序代码来提供SQL并提取结果。 该类执行SQL查询或更新,在ResultSet
类上启动迭代并捕获JDBC异常,并将它们转换为org.springframework.dao
包中定义的通用更详细的异常层次结构。
类的声明
以下是org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate
类的声明 -
public class JdbcTemplate extends JdbcAccessor implements JdbcOperations
用法
步骤1 - 使用配置的数据源创建一个JdbcTemplate
对象。
步骤2 - 使用JdbcTemplate
对象方法进行数据库操作。
以下示例将演示如何使用JdbcTemplate
类进行读取查询。我们将从student
表中读取记录。
语法
String selectQuery = "select * from Student"; List <Student> students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(selectQuery, new StudentMapper());
在上面示例(语法)代码中 -
StudentJDBCTemplate
对象从数据库中读取Student
对象。StudentMapper
是一个RowMapper对象,用于将每个获取的记录映射到Student
对象。要了解上述与Spring JDBC相关的概念,下面我们编写一个select查询语句的示例。打开Eclipse IDE,并按照以下步骤创建一个Spring应用程序,这里创建一个名称为:JdbcTemplateClass 的项目。
步骤说明
完整的项目结构如下所示 -
以下是Maven配置文件:pom.xml的代码内容:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.zyiz</groupId> <artifactId>JdbcTemplateClass</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <name>JdbcTemplateClass</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.40</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>4.1.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
以下是数据访问对象接口文件:StudentDAO.java的内容:
package com.zyiz; import java.util.List; import javax.sql.DataSource; public interface StudentDAO { /** * This is the method to be used to initialize database resources ie. * connection. */ public void setDataSource(DataSource ds); /** * This is the method to be used to list down all the records from the * Student table. */ public List<Student> listStudents(); public void create(String name, Integer age); }
以下是文件:Student.java的代码内容:
package com.zyiz; public class Student { private Integer age; private String name; private Integer id; public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setId(Integer id) { this.id = id; } public Integer getId() { return id; } }
以下是文件:StudentMapper.java的代码内容:
package com.zyiz; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.SQLException; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper; public class StudentMapper implements RowMapper<Student> { public Student mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException { Student student = new Student(); student.setId(rs.getInt("id")); student.setName(rs.getString("name")); student.setAge(rs.getInt("age")); return student; } }
以下是文件:StudentJDBCTemplate.java的代码内容:
package com.zyiz; import java.sql.PreparedStatement; import java.util.List; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate; import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ParameterizedPreparedStatementSetter; import java.sql.SQLException; public class StudentJDBCTemplate implements StudentDAO { private DataSource dataSource; private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplateObject; public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) { this.dataSource = dataSource; this.jdbcTemplateObject = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource); } public List<Student> listStudents() { String SQL = "select * from Student"; List<Student> students = jdbcTemplateObject.query(SQL, new StudentMapper()); return students; } public void create(String name, Integer age) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub String insertQuery = "insert into student (name, age) values (?, ?)"; jdbcTemplateObject.update(insertQuery, name, age); System.out.println("Created Record Name = " + name + " Age = " + age); return; } }
以下是文件:MainApp.java的代码内容:
package com.zyiz; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.zyiz.StudentJDBCTemplate; public class MainApp { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("application-beans.xml"); StudentJDBCTemplate studentJDBCTemplate = (StudentJDBCTemplate) context.getBean("studentJDBCTemplate"); System.out.println("------Records Creation--------"); studentJDBCTemplate.create("Maxsu", 21); studentJDBCTemplate.create("Curry", 22); studentJDBCTemplate.create("Suzend", 23); System.out.println("------Listing Multiple Records--------"); List<Student> students = studentJDBCTemplate.listStudents(); for (Student record : students) { System.out.print("ID : " + record.getId()); System.out.print(", Name : " + record.getName()); System.out.println(", Age : " + record.getAge()); } } }
以下是文件:application-beans.xml的代码内容:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd "> <!-- Initialization for data source --> <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"> <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" /> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test?characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=true" /> <property name="username" value="root" /> <property name="password" value="123456" /> </bean> <!-- Definition for studentJDBCTemplate bean --> <bean id="studentJDBCTemplate" class="com.zyiz.StudentJDBCTemplate"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> </bean> </beans>
注意: application-beans.xml 文件的位置是:{workspace}/fistapp/src/main/java 目录,如果放置错了,程序可能会因为找不到此配置文件而出错。
完成创建源代码和bean和数据库连接信息的文件配置后,运行应用程序。这里先简单说明一下运行的步骤,在项目名称(JdbcTemplateClass)上点击右键,在弹出的菜单中选择:【Run As】-> 【Maven test】
在运行测试成功后,应该会输出类似以下内容(含有 BUILD SUCCESS 的信息) 。
接下来,点击类文件:MainApp.java 选择【Run As】->【Java Application】,如果应用程序一切正常,这将打印以下结果:
------Records Creation-------- Created Record Name = Maxsu Age = 21 Created Record Name = Curry Age = 22 Created Record Name = Suzend Age = 23 ------Listing Multiple Records-------- ID : 1, Name : Maxsu, Age : 21 ID : 2, Name : Curry, Age : 22 ID : 3, Name : Suzend, Age : 23