MariaDB SUM()函数用于返回表达式求和的值。

语法：

SELECT SUM(aggregate_expression)  
FROM tables  
[WHERE conditions];

数据准备

在"testdb"数据库中创建一个"students"表，并插入一些数据。参考以下创建语句 -

USE testdb;
DROP TABLE students;
-- 创建新表
CREATE TABLE students(  
    student_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,  
    student_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,  
    student_address VARCHAR(40) default NULL, 
    admission_date DATE,
    score float(4, 1) default NULL, 
    PRIMARY KEY ( student_id )
);
-- 插入数据
INSERT INTO students  
(student_id, student_name, student_address,score, admission_date)  
VALUES(1,'Maxsu','Haikou', 99.5,'2017-01-07 00:00:00');

INSERT INTO students  
(student_id, student_name, student_address, score, admission_date)  
VALUES  
(2,'Crurry','Beijing',86,'2016-05-07 00:00:00'),
(3,'JMaster','Beijing',91,'2016-05-07 00:00:00'),  
(4,'Mahesh','Guangzhou',78,'2016-06-07 00:00:00'),  
(5,'Kobe','Shanghai',89,'2016-02-07 00:00:00'),  
(6,'Blaba','Shengzhen',100,'2016-08-07 00:00:00');

1. SUM()函数与单表达式

示例：

计算student_id大于1的Student表的总分数。参考以下查询语句 -

SELECT SUM(Score) AS "Total Score"  
FROM students  
WHERE student_id > 1;

执行上面查询语句，得到以下结果 -

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT SUM(Score) AS "Total Score"
    -> FROM students
    -> WHERE student_id > 1;
+-------------+
| Total Score |
+-------------+
|       444.0 |
+-------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)

2. SUM()函数与DISTINCT子句

可以使用SUM函数的DISTINCT子句来避免重复值的总和。

再插入一条重复的数据 -

INSERT INTO students  
(student_name, student_address,score, admission_date)  
VALUES('Maxsu','Haikou', 99.5,'2017-11-07 00:00:00');

当前数据库中的记录如下 -

MariaDB [testdb]> select * from students;
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+-------+
| student_id | student_name | student_address | admission_date | score |
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+-------+
|          1 | Maxsu        | Haikou          | 2017-01-07     |  99.5 |
|          2 | Crurry       | Beijing         | 2016-05-07     |  86.0 |
|          3 | JMaster      | Beijing         | 2016-05-07     |  91.0 |
|          4 | Mahesh       | Guangzhou       | 2016-06-07     |  78.0 |
|          5 | Kobe         | Shanghai        | 2016-02-07     |  89.0 |
|          6 | Blaba        | Shengzhen       | 2016-08-07     | 100.0 |
|          7 | Maxsu        | Haikou          | 2017-11-07     |  99.5 |
+------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------+-------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)

示例：

SELECT SUM(DISTINCT Score) AS "Total Score"  
FROM students  
WHERE student_name = 'Maxsu';

执行上面查询语句，得到以下结果 -

MariaDB [testdb]> SELECT SUM(DISTINCT Score) AS "Total Score"
    -> FROM students
    -> WHERE student_name = 'Maxsu';
+-------------+
| Total Score |
+-------------+
|        99.5 |
+-------------+
row in set (0.00 sec)