Elasticsearch提供单文档API和多文档API,其中API调用分别针对单个文档和多个文档。
当使用特定映射对相应索引发出请求时,它有助于在索引中添加或更新JSON文档。 例如,以下请求将JSON对象添加到索引学校和学校映射下。
POST http://localhost:9200/schools/school/4
请求正文
{ "name":"City School", "description":"ICSE", "street":"West End", "city":"Meerut", "state":"UP", "zip":"250002", "location":[28.9926174, 77.692485], "fees":3500, "tags":["fully computerized"], "rating":"4.5" }
响应
{ "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"4", "_version":1, "_shards":{"total":2, "successful":1,"failed":0}, "created":true }
当请求将JSON对象添加到特定索引时,如果该索引不存在,那么此API会自动创建该索引以及该特定JSON对象的基础映射。 可以通过将以下参数的值更改为false
来禁用此功能,这个值是存在于elasticsearch.yml
文件中,打开elasticsearch.yml
文件设置如下 。
action.auto_create_index:false index.mapper.dynamic:false
还可以限制自动创建索引,其中通过更改以下参数的值只允许指定模式的索引名称 -
action.auto_create_index:+acc*,-bank*
(其中+
表示允许, -
表示不允许)
Elasticsearch还提供版本控制功能。我们可以使用版本查询参数指定特定文档的版本。 例如,
POST http://localhost:9200/schools/school/1?version = 1
请求正文
{ "name":"Central School", "description":"CBSE Affiliation", "street":"Nagan", "city":"paprola", "state":"HP", "zip":"176115", "location":[31.8955385, 76.8380405], "fees":2200, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beautiful campus"], "rating":"3.3" }
响应内容
{ "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_version":2, "_shards":{"total":2, "successful":1,"failed":0}, "created":false }
有两种最重要的版本控制类型: 内部版本控制是以1
开头的默认版本,每次更新都会增加,包括删除。版本号可以在外部设置。要启用此功能,我们需要将version_type
设置为external
。
版本控制是一个实时过程,它不受实时搜索操作的影响。
操作类型用于强制创建操作,这有助于避免覆盖现有文档。
POST http://localhost:9200/tutorials/chapter/1?op_type = create
请求正文
{ "Text":"this is chapter one" }
响应内容
{ "_index":"tutorials", "_type":"chapter", "_id":"1", "_version":1, "_shards":{"total":2, "successful":1, "failed":0}, "created":true }
当在索引操作中未指定ID
时,Elasticsearch自动为文档生成ID
。
可以通过在父URL查询参数中传递父文档的ID来定义任何文档的父级。
POST http://localhost:9200/tutorials/article/1?parent = 1
请求正文
{ "Text":"This is article 1 of chapter 1" }
注意 - 如果在执行此示例时遇到异常,请通过在索引中添加以下内容来重新创建索引。
{ "mappings": { "chapter": {}, "article": { "_parent": { "type": "chapter" } } } }
默认情况下,索引操作将在主分片上最多等待1分钟,超过后就会失败并响应错误。 可以通过将值传递给timeout
参数来显式更改这个超时值。
POST http://localhost:9200/tutorials/chapter/2?timeout = 3m
请求正文
{ "Text":"This is chapter 2 waiting for primary shard for 3 minutes" }
API通过对特定文档执行get
请求来帮助提取JSON对象。 例如,
GET http://localhost:9200/schools/school/1
响应
{ "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_version":2, "found":true, "_source":{ "name":"Central School", "description":"CBSE Affiliation", "street":"Nagan", "city":"paprola", "state":"HP", "zip":"176115", "location":[31.8955385,76.8380405], "fees":2200, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beautiful campus"], "rating":"3.3" } }
_all
,以便Elasticsearch可以在每种类型中搜索该文档ID
,并且它将返回第一个匹配的文档。GET http://localhost:9200/schools/school/1?fields = name,fees
响应
…………………….. "fields":{ "name":["Central School"], "fees":[2200] } ……………………..
还可以通过在get
请求中添加_source
字段来获取结果中的源部分。
GET http://localhost:9200/schools/school/1/_source
响应
{ "name":"Central School", "description":"CBSE Afiliation", "street":"Nagan", "city":"paprola", "state":"HP", "zip":"176115", "location":[31.8955385, 76.8380405], "fees":2200, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beatiful campus"], "rating":"3.3" }
还可以在通过将 refresh
参数设置为true
进行get
操作之前刷新碎片。
可以通过向Elasticsearch发送HTTP DELETE
请求来删除指定的索引,映射或文档。 例如,
DELETE http://localhost:9200/schools/school/4
响应
{ "found":true, "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"4", "_version":2, "_shards":{"total":2, "successful":1, "failed":0} }
refresh
)和超时(timeout
)选项。脚本用于执行此操作,版本控制用于确保在获取和重建索引期间没有发生更新。 例如,使用下面脚本更新学校的费用 -
POST http://localhost:9200/schools_gov/school/1/_update
请求正文
{ "script":{ "inline": "ctx._source.fees+ = inc", "params":{ "inc": 500 } } }
响应结果
{ "_index":"schools_gov", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_version":2, "_shards":{"total":2, "successful":1, "failed":0} }
注意 - 如果获取脚本异常,建议在
elastcisearch.yml
中添加以下行
script.inline: on script.indexed: on
可以通过向更新的文档发送获取请求来检查更新。
GET http://localhost:9200/schools_gov/school/1
它具有相同的功能,如GET API
,但此get
请求可以返回多个文档。使用doc
数组来指定需要提取的所有文档的索引,类型和ID。
POST http://localhost:9200/_mget
请求正文
{ "docs":[ { "_index": "schools", "_type": "school", "_id": "1" }, { "_index":"schools_gev", "_type":"school", "_id": "2" } ] }
响应结果
{ "docs":[ { "_index":"schools", "_type":"school", "_id":"1", "_version":1, "found":true, "_source":{ "name":"Central School", "description":"CBSE Afiliation", "street":"Nagan", "city":"paprola", "state":"HP", "zip":"176115", "location":[31.8955385,76.8380405], "fees":2000, "tags":["Senior Secondary", "beatiful campus"], "rating":"3.5" } }, { "_index":"schools_gev", "_type":"school", "_id":"2", "error":{ "root_cause":[{ "type":"index_not_found_exception", "reason":"no such index", "index":"schools_gev" }], "type":"index_not_found_exception", "reason":"no such index", "index":"schools_gev" } } ] }
此API用于通过在单个请求中进行多个索引/删除操作来批量上传或删除JSON对象。 需要添加“_bulk
”关键字来调用此API。此API的示例已在Elasticsearch填充文章中执行。所有其他功能与GET API相同。