使用Python3+PyQT5+Pyserial 实现简单的串口工具方法

本文主要是介绍使用Python3+PyQT5+Pyserial 实现简单的串口工具方法，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

练手项目，先上图

Python3+PyQT5+Pyserial 实现简单的串口工具

先实现一个简单的串口工具，为之后的上位机做准备

代码如下：

github 下载地址

pyserial_demo.py

import sys
import serial
import serial.tools.list_ports
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMessageBox
from PyQt5.QtCore import QTimer
from ui_demo_1 import Ui_Form


class Pyqt5_Serial(QtWidgets.QWidget, Ui_Form):
  def __init__(self):
    super(Pyqt5_Serial, self).__init__()
    self.setupUi(self)
    self.init()
    self.setWindowTitle("串口小助手")
    self.ser = serial.Serial()
    self.port_check()

    # 接收数据和发送数据数目置零
    self.data_num_received = 0
    self.lineEdit.setText(str(self.data_num_received))
    self.data_num_sended = 0
    self.lineEdit_2.setText(str(self.data_num_sended))

  def init(self):
    # 串口检测按钮
    self.s1__box_1.clicked.connect(self.port_check)

    # 串口信息显示
    self.s1__box_2.currentTextChanged.connect(self.port_imf)

    # 打开串口按钮
    self.open_button.clicked.connect(self.port_open)

    # 关闭串口按钮
    self.close_button.clicked.connect(self.port_close)

    # 发送数据按钮
    self.s3__send_button.clicked.connect(self.data_send)

    # 定时发送数据
    self.timer_send = QTimer()
    self.timer_send.timeout.connect(self.data_send)
    self.timer_send_cb.stateChanged.connect(self.data_send_timer)

    # 定时器接收数据
    self.timer = QTimer(self)
    self.timer.timeout.connect(self.data_receive)

    # 清除发送窗口
    self.s3__clear_button.clicked.connect(self.send_data_clear)

    # 清除接收窗口
    self.s2__clear_button.clicked.connect(self.receive_data_clear)

  # 串口检测
  def port_check(self):
    # 检测所有存在的串口，将信息存储在字典中
    self.Com_Dict = {}
    port_list = list(serial.tools.list_ports.comports())
    self.s1__box_2.clear()
    for port in port_list:
      self.Com_Dict["%s" % port[0]] = "%s" % port[1]
      self.s1__box_2.addItem(port[0])
    if len(self.Com_Dict) == 0:
      self.state_label.setText(" 无串口")

  # 串口信息
  def port_imf(self):
    # 显示选定的串口的详细信息
    imf_s = self.s1__box_2.currentText()
    if imf_s != "":
      self.state_label.setText(self.Com_Dict[self.s1__box_2.currentText()])

  # 打开串口
  def port_open(self):
    self.ser.port = self.s1__box_2.currentText()
    self.ser.baudrate = int(self.s1__box_3.currentText())
    self.ser.bytesize = int(self.s1__box_4.currentText())
    self.ser.stopbits = int(self.s1__box_6.currentText())
    self.ser.parity = self.s1__box_5.currentText()

    try:
      self.ser.open()
    except:
      QMessageBox.critical(self, "Port Error", "此串口不能被打开！")
      return None

    # 打开串口接收定时器，周期为2ms
    self.timer.start(2)

    if self.ser.isOpen():
      self.open_button.setEnabled(False)
      self.close_button.setEnabled(True)
      self.formGroupBox1.setTitle("串口状态（已开启）")

  # 关闭串口
  def port_close(self):
    self.timer.stop()
    self.timer_send.stop()
    try:
      self.ser.close()
    except:
      pass
    self.open_button.setEnabled(True)
    self.close_button.setEnabled(False)
    self.lineEdit_3.setEnabled(True)
    # 接收数据和发送数据数目置零
    self.data_num_received = 0
    self.lineEdit.setText(str(self.data_num_received))
    self.data_num_sended = 0
    self.lineEdit_2.setText(str(self.data_num_sended))
    self.formGroupBox1.setTitle("串口状态（已关闭）")

  # 发送数据
  def data_send(self):
    if self.ser.isOpen():
      input_s = self.s3__send_text.toPlainText()
      if input_s != "":
        # 非空字符串
        if self.hex_send.isChecked():
          # hex发送
          input_s = input_s.strip()
          send_list = []
          while input_s != '':
            try:
              num = int(input_s[0:2], 16)
            except ValueError:
              QMessageBox.critical(self, 'wrong data', '请输入十六进制数据，以空格分开!')
              return None
            input_s = input_s[2:].strip()
            send_list.append(num)
          input_s = bytes(send_list)
        else:
          # ascii发送
          input_s = (input_s + '\r\n').encode('utf-8')

        num = self.ser.write(input_s)
        self.data_num_sended += num
        self.lineEdit_2.setText(str(self.data_num_sended))
    else:
      pass

  # 接收数据
  def data_receive(self):
    try:
      num = self.ser.inWaiting()
    except:
      self.port_close()
      return None
    if num > 0:
      data = self.ser.read(num)
      num = len(data)
      # hex显示
      if self.hex_receive.checkState():
        out_s = ''
        for i in range(0, len(data)):
          out_s = out_s + '{:02X}'.format(data[i]) + ' '
        self.s2__receive_text.insertPlainText(out_s)
      else:
        # 串口接收到的字符串为b'123',要转化成unicode字符串才能输出到窗口中去
        self.s2__receive_text.insertPlainText(data.decode('iso-8859-1'))

      # 统计接收字符的数量
      self.data_num_received += num
      self.lineEdit.setText(str(self.data_num_received))

      # 获取到text光标
      textCursor = self.s2__receive_text.textCursor()
      # 滚动到底部
      textCursor.movePosition(textCursor.End)
      # 设置光标到text中去
      self.s2__receive_text.setTextCursor(textCursor)
    else:
      pass

  # 定时发送数据
  def data_send_timer(self):
    if self.timer_send_cb.isChecked():
      self.timer_send.start(int(self.lineEdit_3.text()))
      self.lineEdit_3.setEnabled(False)
    else:
      self.timer_send.stop()
      self.lineEdit_3.setEnabled(True)

  # 清除显示
  def send_data_clear(self):
    self.s3__send_text.setText("")

  def receive_data_clear(self):
    self.s2__receive_text.setText("")


if __name__ == '__main__':
  app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
  myshow = Pyqt5_Serial()
  myshow.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

ui_demo_1.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'demo_1.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.6
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!

from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets

class Ui_Form(object):
  def setupUi(self, Form):
    Form.setObjectName("Form")
    Form.resize(707, 458)
    self.formGroupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(Form)
    self.formGroupBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 20, 167, 301))
    self.formGroupBox.setObjectName("formGroupBox")
    self.formLayout = QtWidgets.QFormLayout(self.formGroupBox)
    self.formLayout.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)
    self.formLayout.setSpacing(10)
    self.formLayout.setObjectName("formLayout")
    self.s1__lb_1 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__lb_1.setObjectName("s1__lb_1")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.s1__lb_1)
    self.s1__box_1 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__box_1.setAutoRepeatInterval(100)
    self.s1__box_1.setDefault(True)
    self.s1__box_1.setObjectName("s1__box_1")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.s1__box_1)
    self.s1__lb_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__lb_2.setObjectName("s1__lb_2")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.s1__lb_2)
    self.s1__box_2 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__box_2.setObjectName("s1__box_2")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.s1__box_2)
    self.s1__lb_3 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__lb_3.setObjectName("s1__lb_3")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(3, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.s1__lb_3)
    self.s1__box_3 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__box_3.setObjectName("s1__box_3")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_3.addItem("")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(3, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.s1__box_3)
    self.s1__lb_4 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__lb_4.setObjectName("s1__lb_4")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(4, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.s1__lb_4)
    self.s1__box_4 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__box_4.setObjectName("s1__box_4")
    self.s1__box_4.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_4.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_4.addItem("")
    self.s1__box_4.addItem("")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(4, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.s1__box_4)
    self.s1__lb_5 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__lb_5.setObjectName("s1__lb_5")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(5, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.s1__lb_5)
    self.s1__box_5 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__box_5.setObjectName("s1__box_5")
    self.s1__box_5.addItem("")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(5, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.s1__box_5)
    self.open_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.formGroupBox)
    self.open_button.setObjectName("open_button")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(7, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.open_button)
    self.close_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.formGroupBox)
    self.close_button.setObjectName("close_button")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(8, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.close_button)
    self.s1__lb_6 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__lb_6.setObjectName("s1__lb_6")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(6, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.s1__lb_6)
    self.s1__box_6 = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self.formGroupBox)
    self.s1__box_6.setObjectName("s1__box_6")
    self.s1__box_6.addItem("")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(6, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.s1__box_6)
    self.state_label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox)
    self.state_label.setText("")
    self.state_label.setTextFormat(QtCore.Qt.AutoText)
    self.state_label.setScaledContents(True)
    self.state_label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignRight|QtCore.Qt.AlignTrailing|QtCore.Qt.AlignVCenter)
    self.state_label.setObjectName("state_label")
    self.formLayout.setWidget(2, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.SpanningRole, self.state_label)
    self.verticalGroupBox = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(Form)
    self.verticalGroupBox.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 20, 401, 241))
    self.verticalGroupBox.setObjectName("verticalGroupBox")
    self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.verticalGroupBox)
    self.verticalLayout.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)
    self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
    self.s2__receive_text = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(self.verticalGroupBox)
    self.s2__receive_text.setObjectName("s2__receive_text")
    self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.s2__receive_text)
    self.verticalGroupBox_2 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(Form)
    self.verticalGroupBox_2.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(210, 280, 401, 101))
    self.verticalGroupBox_2.setObjectName("verticalGroupBox_2")
    self.verticalLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.verticalGroupBox_2)
    self.verticalLayout_2.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)
    self.verticalLayout_2.setObjectName("verticalLayout_2")
    self.s3__send_text = QtWidgets.QTextEdit(self.verticalGroupBox_2)
    self.s3__send_text.setObjectName("s3__send_text")
    self.verticalLayout_2.addWidget(self.s3__send_text)
    self.s3__send_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
    self.s3__send_button.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(620, 310, 61, 31))
    self.s3__send_button.setObjectName("s3__send_button")
    self.s3__clear_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
    self.s3__clear_button.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(620, 350, 61, 31))
    self.s3__clear_button.setObjectName("s3__clear_button")
    self.formGroupBox1 = QtWidgets.QGroupBox(Form)
    self.formGroupBox1.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(20, 340, 171, 101))
    self.formGroupBox1.setObjectName("formGroupBox1")
    self.formLayout_2 = QtWidgets.QFormLayout(self.formGroupBox1)
    self.formLayout_2.setContentsMargins(10, 10, 10, 10)
    self.formLayout_2.setSpacing(10)
    self.formLayout_2.setObjectName("formLayout_2")
    self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox1)
    self.label.setObjectName("label")
    self.formLayout_2.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label)
    self.label_2 = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.formGroupBox1)
    self.label_2.setObjectName("label_2")
    self.formLayout_2.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.LabelRole, self.label_2)
    self.lineEdit = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.formGroupBox1)
    self.lineEdit.setObjectName("lineEdit")
    self.formLayout_2.setWidget(0, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit)
    self.lineEdit_2 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(self.formGroupBox1)
    self.lineEdit_2.setObjectName("lineEdit_2")
    self.formLayout_2.setWidget(1, QtWidgets.QFormLayout.FieldRole, self.lineEdit_2)
    self.hex_send = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(Form)
    self.hex_send.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(620, 280, 71, 16))
    self.hex_send.setObjectName("hex_send")
    self.hex_receive = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(Form)
    self.hex_receive.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(620, 40, 71, 16))
    self.hex_receive.setObjectName("hex_receive")
    self.s2__clear_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton(Form)
    self.s2__clear_button.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(620, 80, 61, 31))
    self.s2__clear_button.setObjectName("s2__clear_button")
    self.timer_send_cb = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(Form)
    self.timer_send_cb.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(260, 390, 71, 16))
    self.timer_send_cb.setObjectName("timer_send_cb")
    self.lineEdit_3 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit(Form)
    self.lineEdit_3.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(350, 390, 61, 20))
    self.lineEdit_3.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignRight|QtCore.Qt.AlignTrailing|QtCore.Qt.AlignVCenter)
    self.lineEdit_3.setObjectName("lineEdit_3")
    self.dw = QtWidgets.QLabel(Form)
    self.dw.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(420, 390, 54, 20))
    self.dw.setObjectName("dw")
    self.verticalGroupBox.raise_()
    self.verticalGroupBox_2.raise_()
    self.formGroupBox.raise_()
    self.s3__send_button.raise_()
    self.s3__clear_button.raise_()
    self.formGroupBox.raise_()
    self.hex_send.raise_()
    self.hex_receive.raise_()
    self.s2__clear_button.raise_()
    self.timer_send_cb.raise_()
    self.lineEdit_3.raise_()
    self.dw.raise_()

    self.retranslateUi(Form)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Form)

  def retranslateUi(self, Form):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    Form.setWindowTitle(_translate("Form", "Form"))
    self.formGroupBox.setTitle(_translate("Form", "串口设置"))
    self.s1__lb_1.setText(_translate("Form", "串口检测："))
    self.s1__box_1.setText(_translate("Form", "检测串口"))
    self.s1__lb_2.setText(_translate("Form", "串口选择："))
    self.s1__lb_3.setText(_translate("Form", "波特率："))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(0, _translate("Form", "115200"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(1, _translate("Form", "2400"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(2, _translate("Form", "4800"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(3, _translate("Form", "9600"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(4, _translate("Form", "14400"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(5, _translate("Form", "19200"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(6, _translate("Form", "38400"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(7, _translate("Form", "57600"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(8, _translate("Form", "76800"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(9, _translate("Form", "12800"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(10, _translate("Form", "230400"))
    self.s1__box_3.setItemText(11, _translate("Form", "460800"))
    self.s1__lb_4.setText(_translate("Form", "数据位："))
    self.s1__box_4.setItemText(0, _translate("Form", "8"))
    self.s1__box_4.setItemText(1, _translate("Form", "7"))
    self.s1__box_4.setItemText(2, _translate("Form", "6"))
    self.s1__box_4.setItemText(3, _translate("Form", "5"))
    self.s1__lb_5.setText(_translate("Form", "校验位："))
    self.s1__box_5.setItemText(0, _translate("Form", "N"))
    self.open_button.setText(_translate("Form", "打开串口"))
    self.close_button.setText(_translate("Form", "关闭串口"))
    self.s1__lb_6.setText(_translate("Form", "停止位："))
    self.s1__box_6.setItemText(0, _translate("Form", "1"))
    self.verticalGroupBox.setTitle(_translate("Form", "接受区"))
    self.verticalGroupBox_2.setTitle(_translate("Form", "发送区"))
    self.s3__send_text.setHtml(_translate("Form", "<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC \"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0//EN\" \"http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/strict.dtd\">\n"
"<html><head><meta name=\"qrichtext\" content=\"1\" /><style type=\"text/css\">\n"
"p, li { white-space: pre-wrap; }\n"
"</style></head><body style=\" font-family:\'SimSun\'; font-size:9pt; font-weight:400; font-style:normal;\">\n"
"<p style=\" margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-left:0px; margin-right:0px; -qt-block-indent:0; text-indent:0px;\">123456</p></body></html>"))
    self.s3__send_button.setText(_translate("Form", "发送"))
    self.s3__clear_button.setText(_translate("Form", "清除"))
    self.formGroupBox1.setTitle(_translate("Form", "串口状态"))
    self.label.setText(_translate("Form", "已接收："))
    self.label_2.setText(_translate("Form", "已发送："))
    self.hex_send.setText(_translate("Form", "Hex发送"))
    self.hex_receive.setText(_translate("Form", "Hex接收"))
    self.s2__clear_button.setText(_translate("Form", "清除"))
    self.timer_send_cb.setText(_translate("Form", "定时发送"))
    self.lineEdit_3.setText(_translate("Form", "1000"))
    self.dw.setText(_translate("Form", "ms/次"))

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