本文详细介绍了RocketMQ的功能特点和应用场景,提供了RocketMQ源码资料的下载与编译指南,并深入解析了RocketMQ的核心概念和源码结构,帮助开发者更好地理解和使用RocketMQ源码资料。
RocketMQ是一款分布式消息中间件,主要由阿里巴巴开源,其功能特点包括:
RocketMQ适用于多种应用场景,包括但不限于:
RocketMQ的架构主要包括以下组件:
在开始RocketMQ源码学习之前,需要配置Java开发环境。具体步骤如下:
java -version
检查。java -version
输出如下信息表示环境配置成功:
java version "1.8.0_XXX" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_XXX-bXX) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.XX-bXX, mixed mode)
RocketMQ的源码可以从其GitHub仓库下载。具体步骤如下:
git clone https://github.com/apache/rocketmq.git
cd rocketmq
mvn clean install -DskipTests
编译成功后,会在target
目录下生成编译后的JAR文件。以下是编译成功后的输出示例:
[INFO] Reactor Summary: ... [INFO] Apache RocketMQ ................................. SUCCESS [01:52 min]
推荐使用IntelliJ IDEA或Eclipse作为开发工具,以方便阅读和调试RocketMQ源码。具体配置如下:
Open
,选择RocketMQ源码目录。File
菜单选择Invalidate Caches / Restart
,清理缓存并重启IDE。File
-> Settings
-> Build, Execution, Deployment
-> Compiler
,确保Build project automatically
被选中。File
-> Import
-> Existing Maven Projects
。Finish
完成导入。RocketMQ的消息模型主要包括推拉模式和发布订阅模式:
public class NameServerStartup { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { NameServerScheduleMessageService scheduleMessageService = new NameServerScheduleMessageService(); NameServerController nsController = new NameServerController(scheduleMessageService); nsController.start(); } }
public class BrokerController { public BrokerController(String brokerAddr) { // 初始化Broker } }
生产者需要创建一个Producer实例,并将Producer实例设置为异步模式,通过sendMessage
方法发送消息。
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message; import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.common.RemotingHelper; public class Producer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建Producer实例,设置Producer Name DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); // 设置NameServer地址 producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); // 启动Producer producer.start(); // 创建消息,设置消息主题、标签和消息体 Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); // 发送消息并获取结果 SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); // 输出发送结果 System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); // 关闭Producer producer.shutdown(); } }
消费者需要创建一个Consumer实例,并设置Consumer Name,通过subscribe
方法订阅指定的主题和标签。
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyContext; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyStatus; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerOrderly; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt; public class Consumer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建Consumer实例,设置Consumer Name DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); // 设置NameServer地址 consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); // 设置Consumer的Topic、标签和消息处理逻辑 consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "TagA", new MessageListenerOrderly() { @Override public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) { for (MessageExt message : msgs) { // 输出消息内容 System.out.printf("%s%n", new String(message.getBody())); } // 返回消费结果 return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS; } }); // 启动Consumer consumer.start(); } }
RocketMQ的源码结构如下:
以下是一些关键类和接口的示例代码:
import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message; public class RocketMQMessageExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Message message = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes()); // 输出消息对象 System.out.println(message); } }
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer; public class ProducerExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); producer.shutdown(); } }
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer; public class ConsumerExample { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "TagA", new MessageListenerOrderly() { @Override public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) { return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS; } }); consumer.start(); } }
public class NameServerStartup { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { NameServerScheduleMessageService scheduleMessageService = new NameServerScheduleMessageService(); NameServerController nsController = new NameServerController(scheduleMessageService); nsController.start(); } }
public class BrokerController { public BrokerController(String brokerAddr) { // 初始化Broker } }
NameServer的主要职责是管理Broker的地址信息。其核心逻辑包括:
public class NameServerStartup { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { NameServerScheduleMessageService scheduleMessageService = new NameServerScheduleMessageService(); NameServerController nsController = new NameServerController(scheduleMessageService); nsController.start(); } }
public class NameServerRebalance implements NameServerRebalanceService { @Override public void registerBrokerInfo(final RegisterBrokerInfo req) { // 注册Broker信息 } }
public class NameServerPullRequestProcessor extends RequestProcessor { @Override public SendResult processRequest(Channel channel, RequestHeader requestHeader, RequestBody requestBody) throws RemotingCommandException { // 处理心跳请求 } }
Broker的主要职责是消息的接收、存储和转发。其核心逻辑包括:
public class BrokerController { public BrokerController(String brokerAddr) { // 初始化Broker } }
public class MessageStore { public void putMessage(BrokerStatsService brokerStatsService, MessageExtBrokerQueue mq, MQMessageWrapper msg) throws MQClientException { // 接收并存储消息 } }
public class MessageQueueSelector { public int select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) { // 转发消息 } }
常用的调试工具包括:
<configuration> <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <encoder> <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern> </encoder> </appender> <root level="debug"> <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> </root> </configuration>
假设遇到消息消费重复的问题,可以通过以下步骤进行调试:
public class MessageListenerOrderly implements MessageListenerConcurrently { @Override public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { // 设置断点,观察消息体 System.out.println(new String(msg.getBody())); } return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS; } }
假设有一个电商系统,当用户下单后,需要通知订单系统进行处理。此时可以使用RocketMQ实现异步通信,避免直接调用订单系统带来的复杂性。
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.DefaultMQProducer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.producer.SendResult; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.Message; import org.apache.rocketmq.remoting.common.RemotingHelper; public class OrderProducer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("OrderProducerGroup"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); String body = "Order Message"; Message msg = new Message("OrderTopic", "TagOrder", body.getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); producer.shutdown(); } }
import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.DefaultMQPushConsumer; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyContext; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.ConsumeOrderlyStatus; import org.apache.rocketmq.client.consumer.listener.MessageListenerOrderly; import org.apache.rocketmq.common.message.MessageExt; public class OrderConsumer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("OrderConsumerGroup"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("OrderTopic", "TagOrder", new MessageListenerOrderly() { @Override public ConsumeOrderlyStatus consumeMessage(List<MessageExt> msgs, ConsumeOrderlyContext context) { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { System.out.println(new String(msg.getBody())); } return ConsumeOrderlyStatus.SUCCESS; } }); consumer.start(); } }
# 启动NameServer nohup sh bin/mqnamesrv & # 启动Broker nohup sh bin/mqbroker -n localhost:9876 & # 启动Producer java -classpath lib rocketmq.example.OrderProducer # 启动Consumer java -classpath lib rocketmq.example.OrderConsumer
运行上述代码后,Producer会发送一条订单消息到指定的Topic,Consumer会接收并处理该消息。输出结果如下:
Order Message