本文详细介绍了RocketMQ的源码下载与环境搭建方法,并深入解析了RocketMQ的源码结构和核心组件。文章还提供了RocketMQ消息发送与接收的流程解析以及相关高级特性的解读,提供了丰富的RocketMQ源码资料。
RocketMQ是一款由阿里巴巴开源的分布式消息中间件,主要用于异步解耦、流量削峰、分布式事务等领域。它具有高性能、高可用性、分布式等特性,可以广泛应用于大数据实时计算、订单处理、异步通信、日志收集等场景。
RocketMQ主要由三个核心组件组成:NameServer、Broker、Producer和Consumer。其中,NameServer负责维护Broker的元数据信息,包括Broker的地址、状态等。Broker是消息的存储与转发的服务器,负责消息的存储、转发、处理。Producer负责生产和发送消息,而Consumer负责接收和消费消息。
示例代码:
git clone https://github.com/apache/rocketmq.git cd rocketmq
示例代码:
# 安装JDK sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install openjdk-11-jdk # 安装Maven sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install maven
# 启动NameServer nohup sh bin/mqnamesrv & # 启动Broker nohup sh bin/mqbroker -n localhost:9876 &
# 发送消息 sh bin/mqadmin sendMessage -n localhost:9876 -b test -c defaultCluster -m "Hello RocketMQ" # 接收消息 sh bin/mqadmin consumeMessage -n localhost:9876 -b test -c defaultCluster -s ""
RocketMQ的源码目录结构如下:
rocketmq ├── bin # 启动脚本 ├── conf # 配置文件 ├── docs # 文档 ├── lib # 第三方依赖库 ├── rocketmq-broker # Broker服务端代码 ├── rocketmq-client # 客户端代码 ├── rocketmq-common # 公共代码 ├── rocketmq-console # 控制台代码 ├── rocketmq-dao # 数据访问层代码 ├── rocketmq-remoting # 网络通信代码 ├── rocketmq-store # 存储层代码 └── rocketmq-tools # 工具代码
示例代码:
public class NameServerStartup { public static void main(String[] args) { // 启动NameServer服务 new NameServerController().startup(args); } } public class BrokerStartup { public static void main(String[] args) { // 启动Broker服务 new BrokerController().startup(args); } } public class DefaultMQProducer extends MQProducer { public void send(Message msg) throws MQClientException { // 向指定的Topic发送消息 MessageQueue mq = this.getMQAdminImpl().selectOneMessageQueue(this.defaultTopic); this.defaultMQProducer.send(msg, mq); } } public class DefaultMQPushConsumer extends MQConsumer { public void subscribe(String topic, String consumerGroup) { // 订阅指定的Topic this.consumerGroup = consumerGroup; SubscriptionData subscriptionData = new SubscriptionData(topic, "*", null); this.subscriptions.put(topic, subscriptionData); } }
NameServer的主要代码位于rocketmq-remoting
模块中,主要的类有:
示例代码:
public class NameServerStartup { public static void main(String[] args) { // 启动NameServer服务 new NameServerController().startup(args); } }
Broker的主要代码位于rocketmq-broker
模块中,主要的类有:
示例代码:
public class BrokerStartup { public static void main(String[] args) { // 启动Broker服务 new BrokerController().startup(args); } }
Producer的主要代码位于rocketmq-client
模块中,主要的类有:
示例代码:
public class DefaultMQProducer extends MQProducer { public void send(Message msg) throws MQClientException { // 向指定的Topic发送消息 MessageQueue mq = this.getMQAdminImpl().selectOneMessageQueue(this.defaultTopic); this.defaultMQProducer.send(msg, mq); } }
Consumer的主要代码位于rocketmq-client
模块中,主要的类有:
示例代码:
public class DefaultMQPushConsumer extends MQConsumer { public void subscribe(String topic, String consumerGroup) { // 订阅指定的Topic this.consumerGroup = consumerGroup; SubscriptionData subscriptionData = new SubscriptionData(topic, "*", null); this.subscriptions.put(topic, subscriptionData); } }
DefaultMQProducer
类初始化生产者对象,并设置生产者组名和名称服务器地址。send
方法发送消息。示例代码:
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "OrderID188", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); producer.shutdown();
DefaultMQPushConsumer
类初始化消费者对象,并设置消费者组名和名称服务器地址。subscribe
方法订阅指定的Topic和Tag。示例代码:
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "TagA"); consumer.registerMessageListener((MessageExt msg) -> { System.out.printf("Received message: %s%n", new String(msg.getBody())); return ConsumeMessageResult.CONSUME_SUCCESS; }); consumer.start();
RocketMQ的消息存储与消费机制主要通过Broker来实现。Broker负责消息的存储和转发,支持多种存储方式,包括内存、文件和数据库等。Broker还支持多种消费模式,包括推送、拉取和混合同步等。
Broker的消息存储机制主要有:
Broker的消息消费机制主要有:
示例代码:
public class MessageLostTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); } producer.shutdown(); } }
logs
目录下的broker.log
和namesrv.log
等文件。示例代码:
public class DebugTest { public static void main(String[] args) { // 打印日志信息 System.out.println("Debugging RocketMQ..."); } }
rocketmq
目录下的各个子模块开始阅读,了解各个模块的功能和实现。NameServerStartup.java
、Broker的BrokerStartup.java
、Producer的DefaultMQProducer.java
和Consumer的DefaultMQPushConsumer.java
等文件,可以从这些关键源码文件开始阅读,了解它们的实现细节。RocketMQ的架构主要包括NameServer、Broker、Producer和Consumer四个核心组件。NameServer负责维护Broker的元数据信息,Broker负责消息的存储和转发,Producer负责发送消息,Consumer负责接收和消费消息。
RocketMQ的架构设计目标是高性能、高可用性和分布式部署。它采用了多种技术来实现这些目标,包括内存池技术、零拷贝技术、异步IO技术、多线程技术等。
示例代码:
public class RocketMQArchitecture { public static void main(String[] args) { // 启动NameServer new NameServerController().startup(args); // 启动Broker new BrokerController().startup(args); // 发送消息 new DefaultMQProducer().send(new Message()); // 接收消息 new DefaultMQPushConsumer().subscribe(new Message()); } }
RocketMQ支持多种高级特性,包括事务消息、顺序消息、持久化消息、消息过滤、消息追踪等。
事务消息是指一种支持分布式事务的消息,可以在分布式系统中实现消息的可靠传递。RocketMQ支持事务消息的发送和接收,可以通过TransactionMQProducer
和DefaultMQPushConsumer
等类来实现。
示例代码:
public class TransactionMessageTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); TransactionMQProducer transactionMQProducer = new TransactionMQProducer("ProducerGroupName") { @Override public LocalTransactionState executeLocalTransaction(Message msg, Object arg) { // 执行本地事务 return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE; } @Override public LocalTransactionState checkLocalTransaction(MessageExt msg) { // 检查本地事务状态 return LocalTransactionState.COMMIT_MESSAGE; } }; transactionMQProducer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); transactionMQProducer.start(); Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); SendResult sendResult = transactionMQProducer.sendMessageInTransaction(msg, null); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); producer.shutdown(); transactionMQProducer.shutdown(); } }
顺序消息是指一种按照特定顺序发送和消费的消息。RocketMQ支持顺序消息的发送和接收,可以通过MessageQueue
和MessageModel
等类来实现。
示例代码:
public class SequentialMessageTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() { @Override public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) { // 按照顺序选择消息队列 return mqs.get(0); } }, "1"); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); producer.shutdown(); } }
持久化消息是指一种持久化存储的消息。RocketMQ支持持久化消息的发送和接收,可以通过MessageQueue
和MessageModel
等类来实现。
示例代码:
public class PersistentMessageTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg, new MessageQueueSelector() { @Override public MessageQueue select(List<MessageQueue> mqs, Message msg, Object arg) { // 按照顺序选择消息队列 return mqs.get(0); } }, "1"); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); producer.shutdown(); } }
消息过滤是指一种根据消息的属性进行过滤处理的消息。RocketMQ支持消息的过滤,可以通过SubscriptionData
和MessageSelector
等类来实现。
示例代码:
public class MessageFilterTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", new MessageSelector() { @Override public boolean isMatched(Message msg) { // 消息过滤 return msg.getTopic().equals("TopicTest"); } }); consumer.registerMessageListener((MessageExt msg) -> { System.out.printf("Received message: %s%n", new String(msg.getBody())); return ConsumeMessageResult.CONSUME_SUCCESS; }); consumer.start(); } }
消息追踪是指一种跟踪消息发送、存储、消费等过程的消息。RocketMQ支持消息的全程追踪,可以通过MessageQueue
和MessageModel
等类来实现。
示例代码:
public class MessageTraceTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws MQClientException { DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", "TagA", "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult); producer.shutdown(); } }