本文转载自:golang 反向代理reverseproxy源码分析【附源码】_筑梦攻城狮_51CTO博客
package main import ( "log" "net/http" "net/http/httputil" "net/url" ) func main() { // 地址重写实例 // http://127.0.0.1:8888/test?id=1 =》 http://127.0.0.1:8081/reverse/test?id=1 rs1 := "http://127.0.0.1:8081/reverse" targetUrl, err := url.Parse(rs1) if err != nil { log.Fatal("err") } proxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(targetUrl) log.Println("Reverse proxy server serve at : 127.0.0.1:8888") if err := http.ListenAndServe(":8888", proxy); err != nil { log.Fatal("Start server failed,err:", err) } }
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/hello?id=123 -s http://127.0.0.1:8081/reverse/hello?id=123
主要结构体reverseproxy
// 处理进来的请求,并发送给另外一台server实现反向代理,并将请求回传给客户端 type ReverseProxy struct { // 通过transport 可修改请求,响应体将原封不动的返回 Director func(*http.Request) // 连接池复用连接,用于执行请求,为nil则默认使用http.DefaultTransport Transport http.RoundTripper // 刷新到客户端的刷新时间间隔 // 流式请求下该参数会被忽略,所有反向代理请求将被立即刷新 FlushInterval time.Duration // 默认为std.err,可用于自定义logger ErrorLog *log.Logger // 用于执行io.CopyBuffer 复制响应体,将其存放至byte切片 BufferPool BufferPool // 用于修改响应结果及HTTP状态码,当返回结果error不为空时,会调用ErrorHandler ModifyResponse func(*http.Response) error // 用于处理后端和ModifyResponse返回的错误信息,默认将返回传递过来的错误信息,并返回HTTP 502 ErrorHandler func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request, error) }
主要方法
// 实例化ReverseProxy // 假设目标URI(target path)是/base ,请求的URI(target request)是/dir,那么请求将被反向代理到http://x.x.x.x./base/dir // ReverseProxy 不会rewrite Host header,需要重写Host,可在Director函数中自定义 func NewSingleHostReverseProxy(target *url.URL) *ReverseProxy { // 获取请求参数,例如请求的是/dir?id=123,那么rawQuery :id=123 targetQuery := target.RawQuery // 实例化director director := func(req *http.Request) { // http or https req.URL.Scheme = target.Scheme // 主机名(ip+端口 或 域名+端口) req.URL.Host = target.Host // 请求URL拼接 req.URL.Path = singleJoiningSlash(target.Path, req.URL.Path) // 使用"&"符号拼接请求参数 if targetQuery == "" || req.URL.RawQuery == "" { req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + req.URL.RawQuery } else { req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + "&" + req.URL.RawQuery } // 若"User-Agent" 这个header不存在,则置空 if _, ok := req.Header["User-Agent"]; !ok { // explicitly disable User-Agent so it's not set to default value req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "") } } return &ReverseProxy{Director: director} }
url 拼接方法
func singleJoiningSlash(a, b string) string { aslash := strings.HasSuffix(a, "/") bslash := strings.HasPrefix(b, "/") switch { case aslash && bslash: // 如果a,b都存在,则去掉后者第一个字符,也就是"/" 后拼接 return a + b[1:] case !aslash && !bslash: // 如果a,b都不存在,则在两者间添加"/" return a + "/" + b } return a + b // 否则直接拼接到一块 }
从上面的实例中我们已经知道基本步骤是实例化一个reverseproxy对象,再传入到http.ListenAndServe方法中
proxy := NewSingleHostReverseProxy(targetUrl) http.ListenAndServe(":8888",proxy)
其中http.ListenAndServe 方法接收的是一个地址与handler,函数签名如下:
func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error {...}
这里的handler 是一个接口,实现的方法是ServeHTTP
type Handler interface { ServeHTTP(ResponseWriter, *Request) }
因此,我们可以肯定实例化的reverseproxy对象也实现了ServeHTTP方法
主要步骤有:
1、拷贝上游请求的Header到下游请求
2、修改请求(例如协议、参数、url等)
3、判断是否需要升级协议(Upgrade)
4、删除上游请求中的hop-by-hop Header,即不需要透传到下游的header
5、设置X-Forward-For Header,追加当前节点IP
6、使用连接池,向下游发起请求
7、处理协议升级(httpcode 101)
8、删除不需要返回给上游的逐跳Header
9、修改响应体内容(如有需要)
10、拷贝下游响应头部到上游响应请求
11、返回HTTP状态码
12、定时刷新内容到response
下面我们来分析下核心方法 serverHttp
func (p *ReverseProxy) ServeHTTP(rw http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) { transport := p.Transport if transport == nil { transport = http.DefaultTransport } // 检查请求是否被终止; // 获取请求的上下文,从responseWriter中获取CloseNotify实例, // 起一个goroutine监听notifyChan,收到请求结束通知后调用context cancel()方法; // 关闭浏览器、网络中断、强行终止请求或是正常结束请求等都会收到请求结束通知。 ctx := req.Context() if cn, ok := rw.(http.CloseNotifier); ok { var cancel context.CancelFunc ctx, cancel = context.WithCancel(ctx) defer cancel() notifyChan := cn.CloseNotify() go func() { select { case <-notifyChan: cancel() case <-ctx.Done(): } }() } // 设置context,这里指的是想下游请求的request outreq := req.WithContext(ctx) // includes shallow copies of maps, but okay if req.ContentLength == 0 { outreq.Body = nil // Issue 16036: nil Body for http.Transport retries } // 深拷贝Header,即将上游的Header复制到下游request Header中 outreq.Header = cloneHeader(req.Header) // 设置Director,修改request p.Director(outreq) outreq.Close = false // 升级http协议,HTTP Upgrade // 判断header Connection 中是否有Upgrade reqUpType := upgradeType(outreq.Header) removeConnectionHeaders(outreq.Header) // Remove hop-by-hop headers to the backend. Especially // important is "Connection" because we want a persistent // connection, regardless of what the client sent to us. // 删除 hop-by-hop headers,主要是一些规定的不需要向下游传递的header for _, h := range hopHeaders { hv := outreq.Header.Get(h) if hv == "" { continue } // Te 和 trailers 这两个Header 不做删除处理 if h == "Te" && hv == "trailers" { // Issue 21096: tell backend applications that // care about trailer support that we support // trailers. (We do, but we don't go out of // our way to advertise that unless the // incoming client request thought it was // worth mentioning) continue } outreq.Header.Del(h) } // After stripping all the hop-by-hop connection headers above, add back any // necessary for protocol upgrades, such as for websockets. // 如果reqUpType 不为空,将Connection 、Upgrade值设置为Upgrade ,例如websocket的场景 if reqUpType != "" { outreq.Header.Set("Connection", "Upgrade") outreq.Header.Set("Upgrade", reqUpType) } // 设置X-Forwarded-For,追加节点IP if clientIP, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(req.RemoteAddr); err == nil { // If we aren't the first proxy retain prior // X-Forwarded-For information as a comma+space // separated list and fold multiple headers into one. if prior, ok := outreq.Header["X-Forwarded-For"]; ok { clientIP = strings.Join(prior, ", ") + ", " + clientIP } outreq.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", clientIP) } // 向下游发起请求 res, err := transport.RoundTrip(outreq) if err != nil { p.getErrorHandler()(rw, outreq, err) return } // Deal with 101 Switching Protocols responses: (WebSocket, h2c, etc) // 处理升级协议请求 if res.StatusCode == http.StatusSwitchingProtocols { if !p.modifyResponse(rw, res, outreq) { return } p.handleUpgradeResponse(rw, outreq, res) return } // 删除响应请求的逐跳 header removeConnectionHeaders(res.Header) for _, h := range hopHeaders { res.Header.Del(h) } // 修改响应内容 if !p.modifyResponse(rw, res, outreq) { return } // 拷贝响应Header到上游 copyHeader(rw.Header(), res.Header) // The "Trailer" header isn't included in the Transport's response, // at least for *http.Transport. Build it up from Trailer. announcedTrailers := len(res.Trailer) if announcedTrailers > 0 { trailerKeys := make([]string, 0, len(res.Trailer)) for k := range res.Trailer { trailerKeys = append(trailerKeys, k) } rw.Header().Add("Trailer", strings.Join(trailerKeys, ", ")) } // 写入状态码 rw.WriteHeader(res.StatusCode) // 周期刷新内容到response err = p.copyResponse(rw, res.Body, p.flushInterval(req, res)) if err != nil { defer res.Body.Close() // Since we're streaming the response, if we run into an error all we can do // is abort the request. Issue 23643: ReverseProxy should use ErrAbortHandler // on read error while copying body. if !shouldPanicOnCopyError(req) { p.logf("suppressing panic for copyResponse error in test; copy error: %v", err) return } panic(http.ErrAbortHandler) } res.Body.Close() // close now, instead of defer, to populate res.Trailer ...... }
核心在于修改 reverseproxy 中的ModifyResponse 方法中的响应体内容和内容长度
func NewSingleHostReverseProxy(target *url.URL) *httputil.ReverseProxy { targetQuery := target.RawQuery director := func(req *http.Request) { req.URL.Scheme = target.Scheme req.URL.Host = target.Host req.URL.Path = singleJoiningSlash(target.Path, req.URL.Path) if targetQuery == "" || req.URL.RawQuery == "" { req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + req.URL.RawQuery } else { req.URL.RawQuery = targetQuery + "&" + req.URL.RawQuery } if _, ok := req.Header["User-Agent"]; !ok { // explicitly disable User-Agent so it's not set to default value req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "") } } // 自定义ModifyResponse modifyResp := func(resp *http.Response) error { var oldData, newData []byte oldData, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body) if err != nil { return err } // 根据不同状态码修改返回内容 if resp.StatusCode == 200 { newData = []byte("[INFO] " + string(oldData)) } else { newData = []byte("[ERROR] " + string(oldData)) } // 修改返回内容及ContentLength resp.Body = ioutil.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer(newData)) resp.ContentLength = int64(len(newData)) resp.Header.Set("Content-Length", fmt.Sprint(len(newData))) return nil } // 传入自定义的ModifyResponse return &httputil.ReverseProxy{Director: director, ModifyResponse: modifyResp} }
测试结果
$ curl http://127.0.0.1:8888/test?id=123 [INFO] http://127.0.0.1:8081/reverse/test?id=123
处于安全性的考虑,通常我们不会将真实服务器也就是realserver 直接对外部用户暴露,而是通过反向代理的方式对外暴露服务,如下图所示:
带来的问题是,在用户与真实服务器之间经过一台或多台反向代理服务器后,真实服务器究竟应该如何获取到用户的真实IP,换句话说,中间的反向代理服务器应如何将用户真实IP原封不动的透传到后端真实服务器。
通常我们会基于HTTP header实现,常用的有X-Real-IP 和 X-Forward-For 两个字段。
X-Real-IP : 通常在离用户最近的代理点上设置,用于记录用户的真实IP,往后的反向代理节点不需要设置,否则将覆盖为上一个反向代理的IP
X-Forward-For:记录每个经过的节点IP,以","分隔,例如请求链路是client -> proxy1 -> proxy2 -> webapp,那么得到的值为clientip,proxy1,proxy2
if clientIP, _, err := net.SplitHostPort(req.RemoteAddr); err == nil { // If we aren't the first proxy retain prior // X-Forwarded-For information as a comma+space // separated list and fold multiple headers into one. if prior, ok := outreq.Header["X-Forwarded-For"]; ok { clientIP = strings.Join(prior, ", ") + ", " + clientIP } outreq.Header.Set("X-Forwarded-For", clientIP) }