前言

本文隶属于专栏《LeetCode 刷题汇总》，该专栏为笔者原创，引用请注明来源，不足和错误之处请在评论区帮忙指出，谢谢！

本专栏目录结构请见LeetCode 刷题汇总

正文

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幕布链接

96. 不同的二叉搜索树

题解

官方题解​

动态规划

class Solution {
    public int numTrees(int n) {
        int[] G = new int[n + 1];
        G[0] = G[1] = 1;
        for (int i = 2; i <= n; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= i; j++) {
                G[i] += G[j - 1] * G[i - j];
            }
        }
        return G[n];
    }
}

数学，卡特兰数

class Solution {
    public int numTrees(int n) {
        // 提示：我们在这里需要用 long 类型防止计算过程中的溢出
        long C = 1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            C = C * 2 * (2 * i + 1) / (i + 2);
        }
        return (int) C;
    }
}

97. 交错字符串

题解

类似路径问题，找准状态方程快速求解​

路径问题

class Solution {
    public boolean isInterleave(String s1, String s2, String s3) {
        int m = s1.length(), n = s2.length();
        if (s3.length() != m + n) return false;
        // 动态规划，dp[i,j]表示s1前i字符能与s2前j字符组成s3前i+j个字符；
        boolean[][] dp = new boolean[m+1][n+1];
        dp[0][0] = true;
        for (int i = 1; i <= m && s1.charAt(i-1) == s3.charAt(i-1); i++) dp[i][0] = true; // 不相符直接终止
        for (int j = 1; j <= n && s2.charAt(j-1) == s3.charAt(j-1); j++) dp[0][j] = true; // 不相符直接终止
        for (int i = 1; i <= m; i++) {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++) {
                dp[i][j] = (dp[i - 1][j] && s3.charAt(i + j - 1) == s1.charAt(i - 1))
                    || (dp[i][j - 1] && s3.charAt(i + j - 1) == s2.charAt(j - 1));
            }
        }
        return dp[m][n];
    }
}

98. 验证二叉搜索树

题解

官方题解​

递归 + long pre

class Solution {
    long pre = Long.MIN_VALUE; // 记录上一个节点的值，初始值为Long的最小值

    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        return inorder(root);
    }

    // 中序遍历
    private boolean inorder(TreeNode node) {
        if(node == null) return true;
        boolean l = inorder(node.left);
        if(node.val <= pre) return false;
        pre = node.val;
        return l && inorder(node.right);
    }
}

栈迭代+long pre

class Solution {
    private boolean flag = true;
    private long pre = Long.MIN_VALUE;
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        if(root == null){
            return true;
        }
        helper(root);
        return flag;
    }

    private void helper(TreeNode root){
        Stack<TreeNode> stack = new Stack<>();
        while(root != null || !stack.isEmpty()){
            while(root != null){
                stack.push(root);
                root = root.left;
            }
            root = stack.pop();
            if(root.val <= pre){
                flag = false;
                break;
            }
            pre = root.val;
            root = root.right;
        }
    }
}

99. 恢复二叉搜索树

题解

官方题解​

显式中序遍历+数组+递归

class Solution {
    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> nums = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        inorder(root, nums);
        int[] swapped = findTwoSwapped(nums);
        recover(root, 2, swapped[0], swapped[1]);
    }

    public void inorder(TreeNode root, List<Integer> nums) {
        if (root == null) {
            return;
        }
        inorder(root.left, nums);
        nums.add(root.val);
        inorder(root.right, nums);
    }

    public int[] findTwoSwapped(List<Integer> nums) {
        int n = nums.size();
        int index1 = -1, index2 = -1;
        for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; ++i) {
            if (nums.get(i + 1) < nums.get(i)) {
                index2 = i + 1;
                if (index1 == -1) {
                    index1 = i;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        int x = nums.get(index1), y = nums.get(index2);
        return new int[]{x, y};
    }

    public void recover(TreeNode root, int count, int x, int y) {
        if (root != null) {
            if (root.val == x || root.val == y) {
                root.val = root.val == x ? y : x;
                if (--count == 0) {
                    return;
                }
            }
			recover(root.left, count, x, y);
            recover(root.right, count, x, y);
        }
    }
}

隐式中序遍历+栈，x/y/prev

class Solution {
    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        Deque<TreeNode> stack = new ArrayDeque<>();
        TreeNode x = null, y = null, prev = null;

        while (!stack.isEmpty() || root != null) {
            while (root != null) {
                stack.push(root);
                root = root.left;
            }
            root = stack.pop();
            if (prev != null && root.val < prev.val) {
                y = root;
                if (x == null) {
                    x = prev;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            prev = root;
            root = root.right;
        }
        swap(x, y);
    }

    public void swap(TreeNode x, TreeNode y) {
        int tmp = x.val;
        x.val = y.val;
        y.val = tmp;
    }
}

Morris 遍历算法

class Solution {
    public void recoverTree(TreeNode root) {
        TreeNode x = null, y = null, pred = null, predecessor = null;

        while (root != null) {
            if (root.left != null) {
                // predecessor 节点就是当前 root 节点向左走一步，然后一直向右走至无法走为止
                predecessor = root.left;
                while (predecessor.right != null && predecessor.right != root) {
                    predecessor = predecessor.right;
                }
                
                // 让 predecessor 的右指针指向 root，继续遍历左子树
                if (predecessor.right == null) {
                    predecessor.right = root;
                    root = root.left;
                }
                // 说明左子树已经访问完了，我们需要断开链接
                else {
                    if (pred != null && root.val < pred.val) {
                        y = root;
                        if (x == null) {
                            x = pred;
                        }
                    }
                    pred = root;

                    predecessor.right = null;
                    root = root.right;
                }
            }
            // 如果没有左孩子，则直接访问右孩子
            else {
                if (pred != null && root.val < pred.val) {
                    y = root;
                    if (x == null) {
                        x = pred;
                    }
                }
                pred = root;
                root = root.right;
            }
        }
        swap(x, y);
    }

    public void swap(TreeNode x, TreeNode y) {
        int tmp = x.val;
        x.val = y.val;
        y.val = tmp;
    }
}

100. 相同的树

题解

官方题解​

递归

class Solution {
    public boolean isSameTree(TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
        if (p == null && q == null) {
            return true;
        } else if (p == null || q == null) {
            return false;
        } else if (p.val != q.val) {
            return false;
        } else {
            return isSameTree(p.left, q.left) && isSameTree(p.right, q.right);
        }
    }
}