Bean A 依赖 B,Bean B 依赖 A这种情况下出现循环依赖。
Bean A → Bean B → Bean A
更复杂的间接依赖造成的循环依赖如下。
Bean A → Bean B → Bean C → Bean D → Bean E → Bean A
当Spring正在加载所有Bean时,Spring尝试以能正常创建Bean的顺序去创建Bean。
例如,有如下依赖:
Bean A → Bean B → Bean C
Spring先创建beanC,接着创建bean B(将C注入B中),最后创建bean A(将B注入A中)。
但当存在循环依赖时,Spring将无法决定先创建哪个bean。这种情况下,Spring将产生异常BeanCurrentlyInCreationException。
当使用构造器注入时经常会发生循环依赖问题。如果使用其它类型的注入方式能够避免这种问题。
首先定义两个相互通过构造器注入依赖的bean。
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public CircularDependencyA(CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } }
@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; @Autowired public CircularDependencyB(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } }
运行方法givenCircularDependency_whenConstructorInjection_thenItFails将会产生异常:BeanCurrentlyInCreationException: Error creating bean with name ‘circularDependencyA’:
Requested bean is currently in creation: Is there an unresolvable circular reference?
处理这种问题目前有如下几种常见方式。
最好的方法:重新设计结构,消除循环依赖。
其他用来解决循环依赖的方法如下:
4.2 使用注解 @Lazy
一种最简单的消除循环依赖的方式是通过延迟加载。在注入依赖时,先注入代理对象,当首次使用时再创建对象完成注入。
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public CircularDependencyA(@Lazy CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } }
使用@Lazy后,运行代码,可以看到异常消除。
4.3 使用Setter/Field注入
Spring文档建议的一种方式是使用setter注入。当依赖最终被使用时才进行注入。对前文的样例代码少做修改,来观察测试效果。
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { private CircularDependencyB circB; @Autowired public void setCircB(CircularDependencyB circB) { this.circB = circB; } public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } }
@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; @Autowired public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } }
4.4 使用@PostConstruct
@Component public class CircularDependencyA { @Autowired private CircularDependencyB circB; @PostConstruct public void init() { circB.setCircA(this); } public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } }
@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } }
4.5 实现ApplicationContextAware与InitializingBean(在@PostConstruct之后执行,所以PostConstruct可以解决循环依赖的问题,Initializing也是可以的)
@Component public class CircularDependencyA implements ApplicationContextAware, InitializingBean { private CircularDependencyB circB; private ApplicationContext context; public CircularDependencyB getCircB() { return circB; } @Override public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception { circB = context.getBean(CircularDependencyB.class); } @Override public void setApplicationContext(final ApplicationContext ctx) throws BeansException { context = ctx; } }
@Component public class CircularDependencyB { private CircularDependencyA circA; private String message = "Hi!"; @Autowired public void setCircA(CircularDependencyA circA) { this.circA = circA; } public String getMessage() { return message; } }
处理循环依赖有多种方式。首先考虑是否能够通过重新设计依赖来避免循环依赖。
如果确实需要循环依赖,那么可以通过前文提到的方式来处理。优先建议使用setter注入来解决。