JDK 和 JavaFX SDK

需要使用JDK11, 推荐使用 https://adoptium.net/releases.html

JDK11

JavaFX 11 不再是JDK的一部分, 需要单独安装, 或者直接通过Maven Dependency引入.
参考 https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52467561/intellij-cant-recognize-javafx-11-with-openjdk-11

Start Guide: https://openjfx.io/openjfx-docs/#introduction

• JavaFX 11 is not part of the JDK anymore
• You can get it in different flavors, either as an SDK or as regular dependencies (maven/gradle).
• You will need to include it to the module path of your project, even if your project is not modular.

如果不使用Maven, 需要在 https://gluonhq.com/products/javafx/ 下载对应版本的sdk,

JDK9之后的模块化

https://www.oracle.com/corporate/features/understanding-java-9-modules.html

不使用 Maven 创建 JavaFX 项目

• IDEA 直接用菜单新建JavaFX项目, 但是这种只适合 JDK8
• 如何在IDEA下创建JavaFX项目的说明 https://openjfx.io/openjfx-docs/#IDE-Intellij

例子

• https://www.cnblogs.com/antfin/p/10345016.html

使用 Maven 创建JavaFX项目

使用 Maven 创建 JavaFX 项目是较简单方便的一种方式, 不需要关心包依赖关系, 只需要手工初始化一个项目结构, 剩下的事都可以交给Maven处理.

1. 项目结构

项目结构如下, 其中resources目录下的资源文件, 可以放在 resources 根目录, 也可以放到resources/org/openjfx, 两者在App.java中的载入方式不同

├── javafx_test01
│   ├── pom.xml
│   ├── src
│   │   └── main
│   │       ├── java
│   │       │   ├── com
│   │       │   │   └── rockbb
│   │       │   │       ├── App.java
│   │       │   │       ├── PrimaryController.java
│   │       │   │       └── SecondaryController.java
│   │       │   └── module-info.java
│   │       └── resources
│   │           └── com
│   │               └── rockbb
│   │                   ├── primary.fxml
│   │                   ├── secondary.fxml
│   │                   └── styles.css
└── settings.xml

2. pom.xml

指定JDK版本为11, javafx版本为17.0.1, javafx.maven.plugin使用最新的0.0.8

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.rockbb</groupId>
    <artifactId>javafx-test01</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.release>11</maven.compiler.release>
        <javafx.version>17.0.1</javafx.version>
        <javafx.maven.plugin.version>0.0.8</javafx.maven.plugin.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-controls</artifactId>
            <version>${javafx.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
            <artifactId>javafx-fxml</artifactId>
            <version>${javafx.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.8.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <release>${maven.compiler.release}</release>
                    <source>${maven.compiler.release}</source>
                    <target>${maven.compiler.release}</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.openjfx</groupId>
                <artifactId>javafx-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>${javafx.maven.plugin.version}</version>
                <configuration>
                    <jlinkImageName>hellofx</jlinkImageName>
                    <launcher>launcher</launcher>
                    <mainClass>hellofx/org.openjfx.App</mainClass>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

3. module-info.java

这里定义项目模块的可见度, 反射的可见度, 以及依赖的其他模块. 后面的opens ... to 和 exports 需要使用自己工程的包名

module hellofx {
    requires javafx.controls;
    requires javafx.fxml;

    opens com.rockbb to javafx.fxml;
    exports com.rockbb;
}

4. App.java

这是应用的入口. 下面的载入方式对应资源文件在根目录, 如果要按 package 放, 去掉其中的.getClassLoader()就可以了

package com.rockbb;

import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.fxml.FXMLLoader;
import javafx.scene.Parent;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.stage.Stage;

import java.io.IOException;


public class App extends Application {

    private static Scene scene;

    @Override
    public void start(Stage stage) throws IOException {
        scene = new Scene(loadFXML("primary"));
        scene.getStylesheets().add(getClass().getResource("styles.css").toExternalForm());
        stage.setScene(scene);
        stage.show();
    }

    static void setRoot(String fxml) throws IOException {
        scene.setRoot(loadFXML(fxml));
    }

    private static Parent loadFXML(String fxml) throws IOException {
        FXMLLoader fxmlLoader = new FXMLLoader(App.class.getResource(fxml + ".fxml"));
        return fxmlLoader.load();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        launch();
    }

}

5. PrimaryController.java

package com.rockbb;

import java.io.IOException;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class PrimaryController {

    public Button primaryButton;

    @FXML
    private void switchToSecondary() throws IOException {
        App.setRoot("secondary");
    }
}

6. SecondaryController.java

package com.rockbb;

import java.io.IOException;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;

public class SecondaryController {

    public Button secondaryButton;

    @FXML
    private void switchToPrimary() throws IOException {
        App.setRoot("primary");
    }
}

7. primary.fxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>

<VBox alignment="CENTER" spacing="20.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.171" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1"
      fx:controller="com.rockbb.PrimaryController">
   <padding>
      <Insets bottom="20.0" left="20.0" right="20.0" top="20.0"/>
   </padding>
   <Label text="Primary View"/>
   <Button fx:id="primaryButton" text="Switch to Secondary View" onAction="#switchToSecondary"/>
</VBox>

8. secondary.fxml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?import javafx.scene.layout.VBox?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Label?>
<?import javafx.scene.control.Button?>
<?import javafx.geometry.Insets?>

<VBox alignment="CENTER" spacing="20.0" xmlns="http://javafx.com/javafx/8.0.171" xmlns:fx="http://javafx.com/fxml/1"
      fx:controller="com.rockbb.SecondaryController">
    <padding>
        <Insets bottom="20.0" left="20.0" right="20.0" top="20.0"/>
    </padding>
    <Label text="Secondary View"/>
    <Button fx:id="secondaryButton" text="Switch to Primary View" onAction="#switchToPrimary"/>
</VBox>

8. styles.css

.button {
    -fx-text-fill: blue;
}

运行

IDEA中在App类上右键菜单, 点Run即可运行