本文内容是基于小象学院——林沐 《面试算法 LeetCode 刷题班》,后期仍将对相关内容进行不定期更新!
给定一个不含重复数的集合,求所有不重复的子集
class Solution { public: vector<vector<int>> subsets(vector<int>& nums) { vector<vector<int>> result; vector<int> item; result.push_back(item); generate(0,nums,item,result); return result; } void generate(int i, vector<int> & nums, vector<int> &item, vector<vector<int>> &result) { if (nums.size()==i) { return; } item.push_back(nums[i]); result.push_back(item); generate(i + 1, nums, item, result); item.pop_back(); generate(i + 1, nums, item, result); } };
给定一个含重复数的集合,求所有不重复的子集
set(<set>) 和 sort(<algorithm>)
class Solution { public: vector<vector<int>> subsetsWithDup(vector<int>& nums) { vector<vector<int>> result; vector<int> item; result.push_back(item); set<vector<int>> res_set; sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); generate(0, nums, item, result,res_set); return result; } void generate(int i, vector<int> & nums, vector<int> &item, vector<vector<int>> &result, set<vector<int>> &res_set) { if (nums.size() == i) { return; } item.push_back(nums[i]); if (res_set.find(item) == res_set.end()) { result.push_back(item); res_set.insert(item); } generate(i + 1, nums, item, result,res_set); item.pop_back(); generate(i + 1, nums, item, result,res_set); } };
class Solution { public: vector<vector<int>> combinationSum2(vector<int>& nums, int target) { vector<vector<int>> result; vector<int> item; set<vector<int>> res_set; sort(nums.begin(), nums.end()); generate(0, nums, item, 0,target,result, res_set); return result; } void generate(int i, vector<int> & nums, vector<int> &item,int sum, int target,vector<vector<int>> &result, set<vector<int>> &res_set) { if (nums.size() == i || sum>target) { return; } sum += nums[i]; item.push_back(nums[i]); if ( sum == target && res_set.find(item) == res_set.end()) { result.push_back(item); res_set.insert(item); } generate(i + 1, nums, item, sum,target,result, res_set); item.pop_back(); sum -= nums[i]; generate(i + 1, nums, item, sum,target,result, res_set); } };
给定n对括号,首先递归生成所有可能的合法的括号组合。代码如下:
class Solution { public: vector<string> generateParenthesis(int n) { vector<string> result; string item=""; generate(item, n, n,result); return result; } void generate(string item, int left,int right, vector<string> &result) { if (left==0 && right ==0) { result.push_back(item); return; } if (left>0) { generate(item + "(", left-1, right, result); } if (right>left) { generate(item + ")", left, right-1, result); } } };
在这个的基础上进行规律筛选。
class Solution { public: vector<vector<string>> solveNQueens(int n) { vector<vector<string>> result; vector<vector<int>> mark; vector<string> location; for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) // 创建nxn的矩阵,n列 { mark.push_back(vector<int>()); // 先压入一个空vector,相当于行,然后在其基础上添加内容 for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) { // 每一行有n个元素 mark[i].push_back(0); // 均初始化为 0 } location.push_back(""); // 先压入一个空字符串,然后在其基础上添加内容 location[i].append(n, '.'); // 初始化 location 为 "...." x 4 } // 初始化完毕 generate(0, n, location, result, mark); // 进入递归 return result; } void put_down_the_queen(int x, int y, vector<vector<int>> &mark) { static const int dx[] = {-1, 1, 0, 0, -1, -1, 1, 1}; // 方向数组,x部分 static const int dy[] = {0,0,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1}; // 方向数组,y部分 mark[x][y] = 1; for (int i = 1; i < mark.size(); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) { int new_x = x + i*dx[j]; int new_y = y + i*dy[j]; if (new_x<mark.size() && new_x>=0 && new_y>=0 && new_y<mark.size()) { mark[new_x][new_y] = 1; } } } } void generate(int k, int n, vector<string> &location,vector<vector<string>> &result, vector<vector<int>> &mark) { if (k==n) { result.push_back(location); return; } for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { if (mark[k][i] == 0) // 只找每一行为0的位置 { vector<vector<int>> tmp_mark = mark; // 保留放置此皇后时的状态,留作回溯用 location[k][i] = 'Q'; // 将是0的位置放入皇后'Q' put_down_the_queen(k, i, mark); // 依次向外延伸,将满足条件的皇后延长线的数字都变为1 generate(k + 1, n, location, result, mark); // 然后递归进入下一行,进行皇后放置和修改整个数组状态,如果找不到直接返回到上一个状态,继续运行下面的语句 mark = tmp_mark; // 返回上一个状态 location[k][i] = '.'; //位置也返回上一个状态 } } } };
预备知识,两个数组的归并排序:
class Solution { public: void merge_sort_two_vec(vector<int> &sub_vec1, vector<int> &sub_vec2, vector<int> &vec) { int i = 0; int j = 0; while (i<sub_vec1.size() && j< sub_vec2.size()) { if (sub_vec1[i] < sub_vec2[j]) { vec.push_back(sub_vec1[i]); i++; } else { vec.push_back(sub_vec2[j]); j++; } } for(;i<sub_vec1.size();i++) vec.push_back(sub_vec1[i]); for(;j<sub_vec2.size();j++) vec.push_back(sub_vec2[j]); } };
预备知识,一个数组的归并排序(nlogn):
分治,将一个规模为N的问题,分解为K个规模较小的子问题,这些问题相互独立与原问题性质相同。求出后再进行合并。
class Solution { public: void merge_sort_two_vec(vector<int> &sub_vec1, vector<int> &sub_vec2, vector<int> &vec) { int i = 0; int j = 0; while (i<sub_vec1.size() && j< sub_vec2.size()) { if (sub_vec1[i] < sub_vec2[j]) { vec.push_back(sub_vec1[i]); i++; } else { vec.push_back(sub_vec2[j]); j++; } } for(;i<sub_vec1.size();i++) vec.push_back(sub_vec1[i]); for(;j<sub_vec2.size();j++) vec.push_back(sub_vec2[j]); } void merge_sort(vector<int> &vec) { // 分治函数 if (vec.size()<2) { return; } int mid = vec.size() / 2; vector<int> sub_vec1; vector<int> sub_vec2; for (int i = 0; i < mid;i++) { sub_vec1.push_back(vec[i]); } for (int i = mid; i < vec.size(); i++) { sub_vec2.push_back(vec[i]); } merge_sort(sub_vec1); merge_sort(sub_vec2); vec.clear(); merge_sort_two_vec(sub_vec1, sub_vec2, vec); } };
问题:
class Solution { public: vector<int> countSmaller(vector<int> &nums) { vector<pair<int, int>> vec; vector<int> count; for (int i = 0; i < nums.size(); i++) { vec.push_back(make_pair(nums[i], i)); count.push_back(0); } merge_sort(vec, count); return count; } void merge_sort_two_vec(vector<pair<int,int>> &sub_vec1, vector<pair<int,int>> &sub_vec2, vector<pair<int,int>> &vec,vector<int>&count) { int i = 0; int j = 0; while (i<sub_vec1.size() && j< sub_vec2.size()) { if (sub_vec1[i].first <= sub_vec2[j].first) { count[sub_vec1[i].second]+=j; vec.push_back(sub_vec1[i]); i++; } else { vec.push_back(sub_vec2[j]); j++; } } for(;i<sub_vec1.size();i++) { count[sub_vec1[i].second]+=j; vec.push_back(sub_vec1[i]); } for(;j<sub_vec2.size();j++) vec.push_back(sub_vec2[j]); } void merge_sort(vector<pair<int,int>> &vec, vector<int> & count) { if (vec.size()<2) { return; } int mid = vec.size() / 2; vector<pair<int,int>> sub_vec1; vector<pair<int, int>> sub_vec2; for (int i = 0; i < mid;i++) { sub_vec1.push_back(vec[i]); } for (int i = mid; i < vec.size(); i++) { sub_vec2.push_back(vec[i]); } merge_sort(sub_vec1,count); merge_sort(sub_vec2,count); vec.clear(); merge_sort_two_vec(sub_vec1, sub_vec2, vec,count); } };