TCP | UDP |
---|---|
Connection-oriented | Connectionless |
sequence | none |
FTP File-Sharing E-mail | Voice Streaming Video Streaming |
127.0.0.1为回环地址,因此127.0.0.0网段被保留;其特殊性在于,只要是和loopback网卡在同一网段的ip地址,都能ping通,并且loopback网卡上新加的ip地址并不会生成路由记录,回环网卡因物理上比较稳定,在生产环境中时有用到
ifconfig IFACE IFADDR/MASK ifconfig IFACE up/down ifconfig IFACE:<Label> IP/MASK #来源于古老的net-tools工具包,现在已很少使用
ip address [add][del][change] IFADDR/MASK dev IFACE [label IFACE:NUM][scope {host,link,global}] [master] [type]
nmcli connection reload nmcli connection [up][down] IFACE nmcli connection [add][modify][del] con-name xxx ifname xxx ipv4.method {auto,manual}\ > ipv4.{addresses,gateway} type {ethernet,bond,bridge,team} # nmcli命令自动修改磁盘文件,永久保存 # nmcli的底层是NetworkManager守护进程
[root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection add type bond con-name mybond ifname bond0 mode active-backup Connection 'mybond' (8f0d9cce-ed6a-4d0e-a9a2-cba48490d1d2) successfully added. [root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection add type bond-slave master bond0 ifname ens37 Connection 'bond-slave-ens37' (c4f82c63-145d-4ec9-8432-f5ecbb7f3b3a) successfully added. [root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection add type bond-slave master bond0 ifname ens38 Connection 'bond-slave-ens38' (c5a3f017-3a99-428a-8b9d-4a00af4152da) successfully added. [root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection reload [root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection up bond-slave-ens37 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6) [root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection up bond-slave-ens38 Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/7) [root@linuxprobe ~]# nmcli connection up mybond Connection successfully activated (master waiting for slaves) (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/8) [root@linuxprobe /]# nmcli connection NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE ens33 49da06d1-7851-3b3c-8025-39ac395471fc ethernet ens33 mybond 8f0d9cce-ed6a-4d0e-a9a2-cba48490d1d2 bond bond0 bond-slave-ens37 c4f82c63-145d-4ec9-8432-f5ecbb7f3b3a ethernet ens37 bond-slave-ens38 c5a3f017-3a99-428a-8b9d-4a00af4152da ethernet ens38 Wired connection 1 4e5d315c-274b-32eb-88a3-ca5cd71c07ce ethernet -- Wired connection 2 da549472-f269-3db4-af9b-47e66e7a1810 ethernet -- #此时查看网卡接口(ip addr)可以发现bond网卡的MAC地址统一 3: ens37: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bond0 state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:13:dd:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff altname enp2s5 4: ens38: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,SLAVE,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel master bond0 state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:13:dd:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff permaddr 00:0c:29:13:dd:4a altname enp2s6 5: bond0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,MASTER,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 00:0c:29:13:dd:40 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.142.134/24 brd 192.168.142.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute bond0 valid_lft 1024sec preferred_lft 1024sec inet6 fe80::9647:c69d:cc99:d556/64 scope link noprefixroute valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever #查看一下bond网卡的真实MAC地址,可以看到这个MAC地址是属于ens37的 [root@linuxprobe /]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0 Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v5.11.11-300.fc34.x86_64 Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup) Primary Slave: None Currently Active Slave: ens37 MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0 Peer Notification Delay (ms): 0 Slave Interface: ens37 MII Status: up Speed: 10 Mbps Duplex: half Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:13:dd:40 Slave queue ID: 0 Slave Interface: ens38 MII Status: up Speed: 10 Mbps Duplex: half Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:13:dd:4a Slave queue ID: 0