注意这里的内存应该满足要求,不然可能引起数据库在安装过程中长时间的挂起等待。。。。
在正式安装开始前,请先检查你的软硬件条件是否满足安装需要。
硬件上可以使用命令查看内存情况和 CPU 特性:
more /proc/meminfo
more /proc/cpuinfo
其中内存的要求是不低于 1G
下面的不是必须的,可选使用
cat /etc/redhat-release
#df –k /dev/shm 检查共享内存
#df –k /tmp 检查临时磁盘空间
#more /proc/version 检查操作系统版本
#uname –r 检查内核版本
内存:
# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
交换空间
# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
磁盘空间
# df -ah
# free
#free -m
永久生效:
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname COSLHR
或修改文件/etc/hostname:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hostname
COSLHR
临时生效:
[root@localhost ~]# hostname COSLHR
查看/etc/hosts文件中必须包含a fully qualified name for the server,必须包含127.0.0.1和真实的IP地址这2行:
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
192.168.59.155 COSLHR
注意将主机名对应到真实IP地址,否则Oracle有可能将监听程序仅仅建立在127.0.0.1上。
注意:修改主机名后,需要重启系统后生效。
DEVICE=ens33
IPADDR=192.168.59.51
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=192.168.59.0
BROADCAST=192.168.59.255
GATEWAY=192.168.59.2
ONBOOT=yes
USERCTL=no
BOOTPROTO=static
#HWADDR=00:0c:29:97:f1:5b
TYPE=Ethernet
IPV6INIT=no
DNS1=202.96.209.5
DNS2=8.8.8.8
NAME="ens33"
http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2133603/
可以统一检查:
rpm -q \
binutils \
compat-libstdc++-33 \
elfutils-libelf \
elfutils-libelf-devel \
expat \
gcc \
gcc-c++ \
glibc \
glibc-common \
glibc-devel \
glibc-headers \
libaio \
libaio-devel \
libgcc \
libstdc++ \
libstdc++-devel \
make \
pdksh \
sysstat \
unixODBC \
unixODBC-devel | grep "not installed"
如果部分包不存在,可以批量更新安装,但如果依赖关系缺失,可能需要多执行两遍或者手工调整,所以建议使用yum进行安装:
package compat-libstdc++-33 is not installed
package elfutils-libelf-devel is not installed
package gcc-c++ is not installed
package libaio-devel is not installed
package libstdc++-devel is not installed
package pdksh is not installed
package unixODBC is not installed
package unixODBC-devel is not installed
依次安装如下的包:
yum install -y compat-libstdc++-33
yum install -y elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install -y gcc-c++
yum install -y libaio-devel
yum install -y libstdc++-devel
yum install -y pdksh
yum install -y unixODBC
yum install -y unixODBC-devel
安装完成后再次检查是否还有没有安装的包。
注意:其中的pdksh包可以忽略。
设置Shell Limits
在/etc/security/limits.conf文件中加入下列行:
oracle soft nofile 65536
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
为安装用户设置资源限制
要改善 Linux 系统上的软件性能,必须对 Oracle 软件所有者用户(grid、oracle)增加以下资源限制:
Shell 限制 limits.conf 中的条目 硬限制
打开文件描述符的最大数 nofile 65536
可用于单个用户的最大进程数 nproc 16384
进程堆栈段的最大大小 stack 10240
在/etc/pam.d/login文件中加入下列行,如果里面没有的话:
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
对默认的 shell 启动文件进行以下更改,以便更改所有 Oracle 安装所有者的 ulimit 设置:
在/etc/profile后加入以下语句:
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 16384
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 16384
fi
fi
Configuring Kernel Parameters for Linux
vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
生效
# /sbin/sysctl -p
参数的含义:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2147273/
systemctl status firewalld.service
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: active (running) since Thu 2016-04-07 18:54:29 PDT; 2h 20min ago
Main PID: 802 (firewalld)
CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service
└─802 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl stop firewalld.service #关闭防火墙
[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld.service #再次查看防火墙状态,发现已关闭
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead) since Thu 2016-04-07 21:15:34 PDT; 9s ago
Main PID: 802 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Apr 07 18:54:25 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 18:54:29 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
Apr 07 21:15:33 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon...
Apr 07 21:15:34 localhost systemd[1]: Stopped firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon.
[root@localhost /]# systemctl disable firewalld.service #禁止使用防火墙(重启也是禁止的)
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.Fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/basic.target.wants/firewalld.service.
[root@localhost /]#
修改/etc/selinux/config
编辑文本中的SELINUX=enforcing为SELINUX=disabled
[root@OCPLHR ~]# vi /etc/selinux/config
[root@OCPLHR ~]# more /etc/selinux/config
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - SELinux is fully disabled.
SELINUX=disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= type of policy in use. Possible values are:
# targeted - Only targeted network daemons are protected.
# strict - Full SELinux protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
[root@OCPLHR ~]# /usr/sbin/sestatus -v
SELinux status: disabled
[root@OCPLHR ~]# getenforce
Disabled
临时关闭(不用重启机器):setenforce 0
查看SELinux状态:
1、/usr/sbin/sestatus -v ##如果SELinux status参数为enabled即为开启状态
SELinux status: enabled
2、getenforce ##也可以用这个命令检查
The Oracle Inventory group (oinstall) 数据库安装组
The OSDBA group (dba) 数据库管理员组
The Oracle software owner (oracle) 管理员用户
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -m oracle
passwd oracle
-m 表示为用户oracle 新建一个根目录
-g 表示为用户指定一个主group
-G 表示为用户指定一个副group
这样oracle既属于oinstall组也属于dba组。
平时主要是oinstall组发生作用。
[root@localhost ~]# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba) context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
umask 022
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
export TMP=/tmp
export TMPDIR=$TMP
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$PATH
export EDITOR=vi
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
export ORACLE_PATH=.:$ORACLE_BASE/dba_scripts/sql:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
export SQLPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/sqlplus/admin
#export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK" --AL32UTF8 SELECT userenv('LANGUAGE') db_NLS_LANG FROM DUAL;
export NLS_LANG="AMERICAN_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"
alias sas='sqlplus / as sysdba'
#export PS1="[\u@\h-\`echo \$ORACLE_SID\` \W]$ "
#export PS1='[$LOGNAME@'`hostname`:'$PWD'']# '
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /soft
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 777 /soft
可以直接拷贝,也可以用SecureFX、XFTP软件等方式拷贝到/soft目录下:
安装文件 |
MD5 |
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip |
bd bf 8e 26 36 63 21 4d c6 0b 0f de f5 a3 0b 0a |
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip |
e5 6b 3d 9c 6b c5 4b 77 17 e1 4b 6c 54 9c ef 9e |
p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip |
69 5c ba d7 44 75 22 39 c7 64 87 e3 24 f7 b1 ab |
[root@OCPLHR soft]# md5sum p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
bdbf8e263663214dc60b0fdef5a30b0a p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@OCPLHR soft]# md5sum p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
e56b3d9c6bc54b7717e14b6c549cef9e p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[root@OCPLHR soft]#
[root@OCPLHR soft]#
[root@OCPLHR soft]# md5sum p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
695cbad744752239c76487e324f7b1ab p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
D:\Users\xiaomaimiao>certutil -hashfile "G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip" MD5
MD5 哈希(文件 G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip):
bd bf 8e 26 36 63 21 4d c6 0b 0f de f5 a3 0b 0a
CertUtil: -hashfile 命令成功完成。
D:\Users\xiaomaimiao>certutil -hashfile "G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip" MD5
MD5 哈希(文件 G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip):
e5 6b 3d 9c 6b c5 4b 77 17 e1 4b 6c 54 9c ef 9e
CertUtil: -hashfile 命令成功完成。
D:\Users\xiaomaimiao>certutil -hashfile "G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip" MD5
MD5 哈希(文件 G:\安装文件\数据库\Oracle\oracle db 安装\11.2.0.3\11.2.0.3_linux\64位\p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip):
69 5c ba d7 44 75 22 39 c7 64 87 e3 24 f7 b1 ab
CertUtil: -hashfile 命令成功完成。
[root@OCPLHR soft]# ll
total 3401656
drwx------ 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[root@OCPLHR soft]# chmod 777 *
[root@OCPLHR soft]# ll
total 3401656
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
解压oracle安装文件包:如果不想输出信息,则可以加上 “> /dev/null 2>&1”,-d表示解压到的目录:
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip -d /tmp > /dev/null 2>&1 && unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip -d /tmp > /dev/null 2>&1
unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1 && unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1
切换到oracle用户,图形界面登录,执行oracle安装文件
[root@OCPLHR soft]# su - oracle
[oracle@OCPLHR ~]$ cd /soft/
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ ll
total 3401656
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ ll
total 3401664
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1 && unzip p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip > /dev/null 2>&1
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ ll
total 3401664
drwxr-xr-x 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 database
drwxrwxrwx 2 root root 16384 Jan 5 14:42 lost+found
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 14 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
-rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 979195792 May 26 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_3of7.zip
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ du -sh database
2.5G database
[oracle@OCPLHR soft]$ cd database/
[oracle@OCPLHR database]$ ll
total 100
drwxr-xr-x 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 19 2011 doc
drwxr-xr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 install
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 28122 Sep 22 2011 readme.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 response
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 rpm
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 3226 Sep 22 2011 runInstaller
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 sshsetup
drwxr-xr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 stage
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5466 Aug 23 2011 welcome.html
可以只执行一条命令即可安装完成数据库软件的部署:
/soft/database/runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -IgnoreSysPreReqs -ignorePrereq -showProgress \
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true \
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en \
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 \
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false \
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba \
oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false \
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE \
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \
oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
Last login: Wed Feb 7 08:48:45 PST 2018 on pts/3
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /soft/
[oracle@localhost soft]$ ll
total 2442048
drwxr-xr-x. 8 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 database
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1358454646 Dec 13 2011 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1142195302 May 25 2012 p10404530_112030_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[oracle@localhost soft]$ cd database/
[oracle@localhost database]$ ll
total 52
drwxr-xr-x. 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 18 2011 doc
drwxr-xr-x. 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 install
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 28122 Sep 22 2011 readme.html
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 58 Sep 22 2011 response
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 33 Sep 22 2011 rpm
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 3226 Sep 22 2011 runInstaller
drwxr-xr-x. 2 oracle oinstall 28 Sep 22 2011 sshsetup
drwxr-xr-x. 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Sep 22 2011 stage
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 oracle oinstall 5466 Aug 22 2011 welcome.html
[oracle@localhost database]$ /soft/database/runInstaller -silent -force -noconfig -IgnoreSysPreReqs -ignorePrereq -showProgress \
> oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY \
> DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true \
> UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall \
> INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory \
> SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en \
> ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1 \
> ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle \
> oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE \
> oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false \
> oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba \
> oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba \
> oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false \
> oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE \
> SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false \
> oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking Temp space: must be greater than 120 MB. Actual 91506 MB Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB. Actual 1586 MB Passed
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2018-02-07_08-58-36AM. Please wait ...[oracle@localhost database]$ You can find the log of this install session at:
/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2018-02-07_08-58-36AM.log
Prepare in progress.
.................................................. 9% Done.
Prepare successful.
Copy files in progress.
.................................................. 14% Done.
.................................................. 20% Done.
.................................................. 26% Done.
.................................................. 31% Done.
.................................................. 36% Done.
.................................................. 44% Done.
.................................................. 49% Done.
.................................................. 55% Done.
.................................................. 63% Done.
.................................................. 68% Done.
.................................................. 73% Done.
.................................................. 78% Done.
.................................................. 83% Done.
..............................
Copy files successful.
Link binaries in progress.
..........
Link binaries successful.
Setup files in progress.
.................................................. 88% Done.
.................................................. 94% Done.
Setup files successful.
The installation of Oracle Database 11g was successful.
Please check '/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/silentInstall2018-02-07_08-58-36AM.log' for more details.
Execute Root Scripts in progress.
As a root user, execute the following script(s):
1. /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
2. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
.................................................. 100% Done.
Execute Root Scripts successful.
Successfully Setup Software.
[oracle@localhost database]$
[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@localhost ~]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
Check /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/install/root_localhost.localdomain_2018-02-07_09-10-23.log for the output of root script
[root@localhost ~]#
About Me
.............................................................................................................................................
● 本文作者:小麦苗,部分内容整理自网络,若有侵权请联系小麦苗删除
● 本文在itpub(http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/abstract/1/)、博客园(http://www.cnblogs.com/lhrbest)和个人微信公众号(xiaomaimiaolhr)上有同步更新
● 本文itpub地址:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/abstract/1/
● 本文博客园地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/lhrbest
● 本文pdf版、个人简介及小麦苗云盘地址:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-1624453/
● 数据库笔试面试题库及解答:http://blog.itpub.net/26736162/viewspace-2134706/
● DBA宝典今日头条号地址:http://www.toutiao.com/c/user/6401772890/#mid=1564638659405826
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● 于 2018-02-01 06:00 ~ 2018-02-31 24:00 在魔都完成
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