1、地址跳转
2、协议跳转
3、伪静态
4、搜索引擎
1、地址跳转,用户访问www.drz.com这个URL是,将其定向至一个新的域名mobile.drz.com 2、协议跳转,用户通过http协议请求网站时,将其重新跳转至https协议方式 3、伪静态,将动态页面显示为静态页面方式的一种技术,便于搜索引擎的录入,同时建上动态URL地址对外暴露过多的参数,提升更高的安全性。 4、搜索引擎,SEO优化依赖于url路径,好记的url便于支持搜索引擎录入
Syntax: rewrite regex replacement [flag]; Default: — Context: server, location, if #使用场景 server { rewrite 规则 路径或者内容 flag类型; rewrite (.*) http://www.baidu.com$1 } 1.规则:字符串,也可以使用正则匹配url; 2.路径或者内容:表示匹配到规则后要跳转的路径或内容,如果前面规则里面有正则,则可以使用$1等获取值 3.flag类型:last break redirect permanent
flag类型 | 作用 |
---|---|
last | 匹配完本条规则,停止匹配,重新请求server |
break | 匹配完本条规则,停止匹配,不再匹配后面的内容 |
redirect | 302跳转,临时重定向 |
permanent | 301跳转,永久重定向 |
[root@web01 conf.d]# vim rewrite.conf server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code/rewrite; location ~ ^/break { rewrite ^/break /test/ break; } location ~ ^/last { rewrite ^/last /test/ last; } location /test/ { default_type application/json; return 200 "ok"; } } break 只要匹配到规则,就回去本地路径目录中寻找请求的文件; last 匹配到规则,跳转后没有内容,则带着跳转后的请求,重新的向server发起一次请求 break和last都可以继续执行后面的rewrite; 在location里面,如果配置break,则直接生效,停止后面匹配的location break请求: 1.请求rw.linux.com/break; 2.首先,会去查找本地的/code/rewrite/test/index.html; 3.如果找到了,则返回/code/rewrite/test/index.html内容; 4.如果没有找到则返回404,找到目录却没有主页,则返回403; last请求: 1.请求rw.linux.com/last; 2.首先,会去查找本地的/code/rewrite/test/index.html; 3.如果找到了,则返回/code/rewrite/test/index.html内容; 4.如果没找到,会带着新跳转的URI再向server发起一次请求,请求rw.linux.com/test; 5.如果匹配到新的location,则返回该location匹配的内容; 6.如果没有匹配到新的,则再返回404或403;
server { listen 80; server_name _; root /www/resources; location / { index index.html; } location ^~ /break { rewrite ^/break /android.html break; } location ^~ /last { rewrite ^/last /android.html last; } location ^~ /android { root /www/resources/android; } } break:匹配到之后,直接在本地请求的工作目录寻找匹配到的内容。 last :匹配到内容之后,会重新发起一次对server请求 共同点:break和last匹配到之后,不再向下匹配
redirect是临时重定向,当nginx关闭时,随之报错。
permanent是永久重定向,当nginx关闭时,随之使用缓存。
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat rewrite.conf server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code/rewrite; location /test { rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.mumusir.com redirect; #rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.mumusir.com permanent; } } redirect: 每次请求都会询问服务器,如果当服务器不可用时,则会跳转失败。 permanent: 第一次请求会询问,浏览器会记录跳转的地址,第二次则不再询问服务器,直接通过浏览器缓存的地址跳转。
[root@web01 conf.d]# cat flag.conf server { listen 80; server_name _; root /www/resources; location / { index index.html; } location ^~ /break { rewrite ^/break /android.html break; } location ^~ /last { rewrite ^/last /android.html last; } location ^~ /redirect { rewrite ^/redirect http://192.168.15.8 redirect; } location ^~ /permanent { rewrite ^/permanent http://192.168.15.8 permanent; } location ^~ /android { root /www/resources/android; } }
#用户访问`/abc/1.html`实际上真实访问的是`/ccc/bbb/2.html` [root@web01 conf.d]# vim rw.conf server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code; location ~ /abc { rewrite ^(.*)$ /ccc/bbb/2.html redirect; #rewrite /abc/1.html /ccc/bbb/2.html redirect; } } #/abc/1.html /ccc/bbb/1.html location ~ /abc { rewrite /abc/(.*)\.html /ccc/bbb/$1.html redirect; }
#用户访问`/2018/ccc/2.html`实际上真实访问的是 `/2014/ccc/bbb/2.html` [root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code/2014/ccc/bbb/ -p [root@web01 conf.d]# echo "2014-ccc-bbb-222" > /code/2014/ccc/bbb/2.html server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code; location ~ /2018 { rewrite /2018/ccc/2.html /2014/ccc/bbb/2.html redirect; } } #/2018/ccc/bbb/2.html 跳转 /2014/ccc/bbb/2.html location ~ /2018 { rewrite /2018/(.*) /2014/$1 redirect; }
#用户访问`/test`实际上真实访问的是`www.baidu.com` server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code; location ~ /test { rewrite (.*) https://www.baidu.com redirect; } }
#用户访问 couese-11-22-33.html 实际上真实访问的是 /course/11/22/33/course_33.html [root@web01 conf.d]# mkdir /code/course/11/22/33/ -p [root@web01 conf.d]# echo "course-111-222-333" > /code/course/11/22/33/course_33.html [root@web01 conf.d]# vim rw.conf server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code; location / { #rewrite ^/course-11-22-33.html /course/11/22/33/course_33.html redirect; rewrite ^/(.*)-(.*)-(.*)-(.*).html /$1/$2/$3/$4/$1_$4.html redirect; } }
server { listen 80; server_name www.mumusir.com; #rewrite (.*) https://www.mumusir.com redirect; return 302 https://www.mumusir.com; } http://www.mumusir.com --> https://www.mumusir.com server { listen 443; server_name www.mumusir.com; ssl on; ssl...... *.key; ssl..... *.crt; }
就是通过正则匹配的方式去转发访问的资源。
1、修改nginx.conf配置文件种的错误日志 error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice; 2、再http模块种增加 rewrite_log on;
1、通过192.168.15.7/index/1/2/3/4/5/6.html 访问更目录下的index-1-2-3-4-5-6.html server { listen 80; server_name _; root /www/resources; location / { rewrite ^/index/([0-9])/([0-9])/([0-9])/([0-9])/([0-9])/([0-9]) /index-$1-$2-$3-$4-$5-$6.html break; } } 2、使用192.168.15.7/jd访问www.jd.com server { listen 80; server_name _; root /www/resources; location / { rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.$1.com redirect; } } 3、根目录有index-test.html和xxx-abc.html, 怎样通过192.168.15.7/index/test访问index-test.html, 使用192.168.15.7/xxx/abc访问xxx-abc.html server { listen 80; server_name _; root /www/resources; location / { rewrite ^/(.*)/(.*) /$1-$2.html break; } } # 格式 rewrite [匹配规则] [转发内容] flag nginx只支持简单正则,高级正则不支持。
# if 模块 > location 模块 > server 模块 server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; #rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.jingdong.com; location /test { rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.mumusir.com; } location =/ { rewrite ^(.*)$ http://www.baidu.com; } } 1.先执行server模块的rewrite指令 2.其次执行location匹配规则 3.最后执行location里面的rewrite
$server_name #当前用户请求的域名 server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code; rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$server_name; } $request_filename #请求的文件路径和名字(带着网站站点目录的路径和文件 /code/images/1.jpg) $request_uri #请求的文件路径和名字(不带网站站点目录的路径和文件 /images/1.jpg) server { listen 80; server_name rw.linux.com; root /code; rewrite ^(.*)$ https://$server_name$request_uri; } #很久很久以前,网站优化 server { listen 80; server_name www.baidu.com baidu.com; root /code; if ($http_host = baidu.com) { rewrite (.*) http://www.baidu.com; } } #实际写法 server { listen 80; server_name baidu.com; rewrite (.*) http://www.baidu.com; } server { listen 80; server_name www.baidu.com; root /code; }
#创建站点目录 [root@web01 ~]# mkdir /code/discuz [root@web01 code]# rz Discuz_X3.3_SC_GBK.zip [root@web01 code]# unzip Discuz_X3.3_SC_GBK.zip -d /code/discuz/ #授权站点目录 [root@web01 code]# chown -R www.www /code/discuz/ #配置discuz论坛的配置文件 [root@web01 conf.d]# cp blog.conf discuz.linux.com.conf server { listen 80; server_name discuz.linux.com; location / { root /code/discuz/upload; index index.php; } location ~* \.php$ { root /code/discuz/upload; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } #配置hosts访问 #创建数据库 [root@db02 ~]# mysql -u root -p123456 。。。。。。 MariaDB [(none)]> create database discuz charset utf8; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on discuz.* to discuz@'172.16.1.%' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) MariaDB [(none)]>
#查看帖子地址http://discuz.linux.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1&extra=
[root@web01 conf.d]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/discuz.linux.com.conf server { listen 80; server_name discuz.linux.com; location / { root /code/discuz/upload; index index.php; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/topic-(.+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=topic&topic=$2 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/article-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/portal.php?mod=view&aid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/forum-(\w+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=forumdisplay&fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/group-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=group&fid=$2&page=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/space-(username|uid)-(.+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&$2=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/blog-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/home.php?mod=space&uid=$2&do=blog&id=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/(fid|tid)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/archiver/index.php?action=$2&value=$3 last; rewrite ^([^\.]*)/([a-z]+[a-z0-9_]*)-([a-z0-9_\-]+)\.html$ $1/plugin.php?id=$2:$3 last; if (!-e $request_filename) { return 404; } } location ~* \.php$ { root /code/discuz/upload; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } } [root@web01 conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx
#http://discuz.linux.com/thread-1-1-1.html rewrite ^([^\.]*)/thread-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)-([0-9]+)\.html$ $1/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=$2&extra=page%3D$4&page=$3 last; #http://discuz.linux.com/thread-1-1-1.html discuz.linux.com/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=1&extra=page%3D1&page=1