相对列表来说,有些时候我们更需要获取单个的对象, `` get()`` 方法就是在此时使用的:
>>> Publisher.objects.get(name="Apress") <Publisher: Apress>
这样,就返回了单个对象,而不是列表(更准确的说,QuerySet)。 所以,如果结果是多个对象,会导致抛出异常:
>>> Publisher.objects.get(country="U.S.A.") Traceback (most recent call last): ... MultipleObjectsReturned: get() returned more than one Publisher -- it returned 2! Lookup parameters were {'country': 'U.S.A.'}
如果查询没有返回结果也会抛出异常:
>>> Publisher.objects.get(name="Penguin") Traceback (most recent call last): ... DoesNotExist: Publisher matching query does not exist.
这个 DoesNotExist 异常 是 Publisher 这个 model 类的一个属性,即 Publisher.DoesNotExist。在你的应用中,你可以捕获并处理这个异常,像这样:
try: p = Publisher.objects.get(name='Apress') except Publisher.DoesNotExist: print "Apress isn't in the database yet." else: print "Apress is in the database."