Android开发

Android OkHttp的简单使用和封装详解

本文主要是介绍Android OkHttp的简单使用和封装详解,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

Android OkHttp的简单使用和封装详解

1,昨天把okHttp仔细的看了一下,以前都是调用同事封装好了的网络框架,直接使用很容易,但自己封装却不是那么简单,还好,今天就来自我救赎一把,就和大家写写从最基础的OKHttp的简单get、post的使用,再到它的封装。

2,OkHttp的简单使用

  首先我们创建一个工程,并在布局文件中添加三个控件,TextView(用于展示获取到json后的信息)、Button(点击开始请求网络)、ProgressBar(网络加载提示框)

  ①简单的异步Get请求

  第一步,创建OKHttpClient对象

  第二步,创建Request请求

  第三步,创建一个Call对象

  第四步,将请求添加到调度中

  不多说,直接上代码:

//okHttp的基本使用 --- get方法
  String url = "https://api.douban.com/v2/movie/top250?start=0&count=10";
  //1,创建OKHttpClient对象
  OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
  //2,创建一个Request
  Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
  //3,创建一个call对象
  Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
  //4,将请求添加到调度中
  call.enqueue(new Callback() {
    @Override
    public void onFailure(Request request, IOException e) {
 
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException {
      if (response.isSuccessful()) {
        final String message = response.body().string();
        handler.post(new Runnable() {
          @Override
          public void run() {
            tv_message.setText(message);
            progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
          }
        });
 
      }
    }
 
  });

 效果如下: 

  

  注意,由于我们调用的enqueue()方法,是运行在网络线程中的,所以当我们得到json数据后想要获取更新UI的话,可以开使用handle.post()方法在run方法里面更新UI。

  ② 简单的异步Post请求

  这里的Post请求我们以最常见的注册登录来举例。post请求的步骤和get是相似的只是在创建Request的 时候将服务器需要的参数传递进去.

  代码如下:

String url = "http://192.168.1.123:8081/api/login";
    //1,创建OKhttpClient对象
    OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    //2,创建Request
    RequestBody formBody = new FormEncodingBuilder()
        .add("username", "superadmin")
        .add("pwd", "ba3253876aed6bc22d4a6ff53d8406c6ad864195ed144ab5c87621b6c233b548baeae6956df346ec8c17f5ea10f35ee3cbc514797ed7ddd3145464e2a0bab413")
        .build();
 
    Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).post(formBody).build();
    //3,创建call对象并将请求对象添加到调度中
    mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override
      public void onFailure(Request request, IOException e) {
 
      }
 
      @Override
      public void onResponse(Response response) throws IOException {
        Log.i("wangjitao", response.body().string());
      }
    });

  看一下我们服务器的断点

  

  可以看到我们服务器的确拿到了我们传递参数,再看一下我们请求后拿到的数据

  ok,这样的话我们的post方法就没什么问题了

3,OkHttp的封装

由于是封装我们可以吧OKHttp和Gson给结合起来,那么我们在gradle文件添加以下的依赖

compile "com.squareup.okhttp:okhttp:2.4.0"
compile 'com.squareup.okio:okio:1.5.0'
compile "com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.0"

  ①CallBack的创建  

  首选我们知道,当接口请求成功或者失败的时候我们需要将这个信息通知给用户,那么我们就需要创建一个抽象类RequestCallBack,请求前、成功、失败、请求后这几个方法,创建OnBefore()、OnAfter()、OnError()、OnResponse()对应

/**
 * 在请求之前的方法,一般用于加载框展示
 *
 * @param request
 */
public void onBefore(Request request) {
}
 
/**
 * 在请求之后的方法,一般用于加载框隐藏
 */
public void onAfter() {
}
 
/**
 * 请求失败的时候
 *
 * @param request
 * @param e
 */
public abstract void onError(Request request, Exception e);
 
/**
 *
 * @param response
 */
public abstract void onResponse(T response);

 由于我们每次想要的数据不一定,所以这里我们用<T>来接收想要装成的数据格式,并通过反射得到想要的数据类型(一般是Bean、List)之类 ,所以RequestCallBack的整体代码如下:

package com.qianmo.httprequest.http;
 
import com.google.gson.internal.$Gson$Types;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
 
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
 
 
/**
 * Created by wangjitao on 15/10/16.
 * 抽象类,用于请求成功后的回调
 */
public abstract class ResultCallback<T> {
  //这是请求数据的返回类型,包含常见的(Bean,List等)
  Type mType;
 
  public ResultCallback() {
    mType = getSuperclassTypeParameter(getClass());
  }
 
  /**
   * 通过反射想要的返回类型
   *
   * @param subclass
   * @return
   */
  static Type getSuperclassTypeParameter(Class<?> subclass) {
    Type superclass = subclass.getGenericSuperclass();
    if (superclass instanceof Class) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Missing type parameter.");
    }
    ParameterizedType parameterized = (ParameterizedType) superclass;
    return $Gson$Types.canonicalize(parameterized.getActualTypeArguments()[0]);
  }
 
  /**
   * 在请求之前的方法,一般用于加载框展示
   *
   * @param request
   */
  public void onBefore(Request request) {
  }
 
  /**
   * 在请求之后的方法,一般用于加载框隐藏
   */
  public void onAfter() {
  }
 
  /**
   * 请求失败的时候
   *
   * @param request
   * @param e
   */
  public abstract void onError(Request request, Exception e);
 
  /**
   *
   * @param response
   */
  public abstract void onResponse(T response);
}

  ②对Get、Post方法的简单封装 

  首先我们创建一个OkHttpClientManager类,由于是管理类,所以,单例加静态对象搞起

private static OkHttpClientManager mInstance;
 
 public static OkHttpClientManager getInstance() {
    if (mInstance == null){
      synchronized (OkHttpClientManager.class) {
        if (mInstance == null) {
          mInstance = new OkHttpClientManager();
        }
      }
    }
    return mInstance;
  }

 在创建Manager对象的时候我们要把OkHttp的一些参数配置一下,顺便一提一下,由于我们我们异步get、post方法是运行在子线程中,所以这里我们添加了分发的 Handler mDelivery;,重写的OkHttpClientManager构造方法如下:

private OkHttpClientManager() {
    mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    mOkHttpClient.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    mOkHttpClient.setReadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    //cookie enabled
    mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER));
    mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    mGson = new Gson();
  }

  前面的外部调用对象封装好了,这里我们开始来封装Get或Post方法,我这里以Post方法为例子,首先分析一下,post方法会有几个参数,参数一url,参数二参数params,参数三Callback(及我们上面的RequestCallBack)参数四flag(用于取消请求操作,可为空),基础代码如下:

/**
    * 通用基础的异步的post请求
    * @param url
    * @param callback
    * @param tag
    */
    public void postAsyn(String url, Param[] params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
      Request request = buildPostFormRequest(url, params, tag);
      deliveryResult(callback, request);
    }

  那么我们再看一下deliveryResult方法到底是干什么的

/**
  * 请求回调处理方法并传递返回值
  * @param callback Map类型请求参数
  * @param request Request请求
  */
  private void deliveryResult(ResultCallback callback, Request request) {
    if (callback == null)
      callback = DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK;
    final ResultCallback resCallBack = callback;
    //UI thread
    callback.onBefore(request);
    mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override
      public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e) {
        sendFailedStringCallback(request, e, resCallBack);
      }
 
      @Override
      public void onResponse(final Response response) {
        try {
          final String responseMessage=response.message();
          final String responseBody = response.body().string();
          if(response.code()==200){
            if (resCallBack.mType == String.class) {
              sendSuccessResultCallback(responseBody, resCallBack);
            } else {
              Object o = mGson.fromJson(responseBody, resCallBack.mType);
              sendSuccessResultCallback(o, resCallBack);
            }
          }else{
            Exception exception=new Exception(response.code()+":"+responseMessage);
            sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), exception, resCallBack);
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
        } catch (com.google.gson.JsonParseException e) {//Json解析的错误
          sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
        }
      }
    });
  }

  可以看到,这个方法主要是发出请求并对请求后的数据开始回调,这样我们就基本上封装好了一个post方法了  ,把代码这一部分的代码贴出来看看

public class OkHttpClientManager {
  private static final String TAG = "com.qianmo.httprequest.http.OkHttpClientManager";
 
  private static OkHttpClientManager mInstance;
  //默认的请求回调类
  private final ResultCallback<String> DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK = new ResultCallback<String>(){
    @Override
    public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {}
 
    @Override
    public void onResponse(String response) {}
  };
  private OkHttpClient mOkHttpClient;
  private Handler mDelivery;
  private Gson mGson;
  private GetDelegate mGetDelegate = new GetDelegate();
  private PostDelegate mPostDelegate = new PostDelegate();
  private DownloadDelegate mDownloadDelegate = new DownloadDelegate();
 
  private OkHttpClientManager() {
    mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient();
    mOkHttpClient.setConnectTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    mOkHttpClient.setWriteTimeout(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    mOkHttpClient.setReadTimeout(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    //cookie enabled
    mOkHttpClient.setCookieHandler(new CookieManager(null, CookiePolicy.ACCEPT_ORIGINAL_SERVER));
    mDelivery = new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper());
    mGson = new Gson();
  }
 
  public static OkHttpClientManager getInstance() {
    if (mInstance == null){
      synchronized (OkHttpClientManager.class) {
        if (mInstance == null) {
          mInstance = new OkHttpClientManager();
        }
      }
    }
    return mInstance;
  }
 
  /**
   * 外部可调用的Post异步请求方法
   * @param url 请求url
   * @param params
   * @param callback 请求完成后回调类
   */
  public static void postAsyn(String url, Map<String, String> params, final ResultCallback callback) {
    getInstance().getPostDelegate().postAsyn(url, params, callback, null);
  }
 
  /**
     * 异步的post请求
     * @param url
     * @param params
     * @param callback
     * @param tag
     */
    public void postAsyn(String url, Map<String, String> params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
      Param[] paramsArr = map2Params(params);
      postAsyn(url, paramsArr, callback, tag);
    }
  /**
     * 通用基础的异步的post请求
     * @param url
     * @param callback
     * @param tag
     */
    public void postAsyn(String url, Param[] params, final ResultCallback callback, Object tag) {
      Request request = buildPostFormRequest(url, params, tag);
      deliveryResult(callback, request);
    }
   
  /**
   * 请求回调处理方法并传递返回值
   * @param callback Map类型请求参数
   * @param request Request请求
   */
  private void deliveryResult(ResultCallback callback, Request request) {
    if (callback == null)
      callback = DEFAULT_RESULT_CALLBACK;
    final ResultCallback resCallBack = callback;
    //UI thread
    callback.onBefore(request);
    mOkHttpClient.newCall(request).enqueue(new Callback() {
      @Override
      public void onFailure(final Request request, final IOException e) {
        sendFailedStringCallback(request, e, resCallBack);
      }
 
      @Override
      public void onResponse(final Response response) {
        try {
          final String responseMessage=response.message();
          final String responseBody = response.body().string();
          if(response.code()==200){
            if (resCallBack.mType == String.class) {
              sendSuccessResultCallback(responseBody, resCallBack);
            } else {
              Object o = mGson.fromJson(responseBody, resCallBack.mType);
              sendSuccessResultCallback(o, resCallBack);
            }
          }else{
            Exception exception=new Exception(response.code()+":"+responseMessage);
            sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), exception, resCallBack);
          }
        } catch (IOException e) {
          sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
        } catch (com.google.gson.JsonParseException e) {//Json解析的错误
          sendFailedStringCallback(response.request(), e, resCallBack);
        }
      }
    });
  }
   /**
   * 处理请求成功的回调信息方法
   * @param object 服务器响应信息
   * @param callback 回调类
   */
  private void sendSuccessResultCallback(final Object object, final   ResultCallback callback) {
    mDelivery.post(() -> {
      callback.onResponse(object);
      callback.onAfter();
    });
  }
}  

  这样我们就把Post方法封装好了,同理Get方法,ok,现在我们可以来调用调用了,在调用之前我们可以对返回数据格式再来封装封装,一般我们后台返回的数据格式是类似如下:

{
 "code": 200,
 "data": {},
 "message": "登录成功"
}

 而data中有可能是对象,也有可能是数组,所以我们用两个类来实现一下

 CommonResultBean

package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
 
/**
 * 服务端返回通用接收实体
 * Created by wangjitao on 15/10/30.
 */
public class CommonResultBean<T> {
  private String code;
  private T data;
  private String message;
 
  public String getCode() {
    return code;
  }
 
  public void setCode(String code) {
    this.code = code;
  }
 
  public T getData() {
    return data;
  }
 
  public void setData(T data) {
    this.data = data;
  }
 
  public String getMessage() {
    return message;
  }
 
  public void setMessage(String message) {
    this.message = message;
  }
}

 CommonResultListBean

package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 * 服务端返回带有List数据的通用接收实体
 * Created by wangjitao on 15/12/1.
 */
public class CommonResultListBean<T> {
  private String code;
  private List<T> data;
  private String message;
 
  public String getCode() {
    return code;
  }
 
  public void setCode(String code) {
    this.code = code;
  }
 
  public List<T> getData() {
    return data;
  }
 
  public void setData(List<T> data) {
    this.data = data;
  }
 
  public String getMessage() {
    return message;
  }
 
  public void setMessage(String message) {
    this.message = message;
  }
}

  ok,现在还是以上面我们登录的接口为例子开始我们的方法调用,返回的数据格式如图所示

  我们创建UserMenu.java类

package com.qianmo.httprequest.bean;
 
import java.util.List;
 
/**
 * Created by wangjitao on 2016/12/21 0021.
 * E-Mail:543441727@qq.com
 * 用户菜单权限按钮
 */
public class UserMenu {
 
  /**
   * last_login_time : 2016-12-21 15:40:28
   * member_id : 1
   * modules : []
   * phone : 18900532225
   * real_name : 超级管理员
   * role : {"role_id":1,"role_name":"超级管理员"}
   * username : superadmin
   */
 
  private String last_login_time;
  private int member_id;
  private String phone;
  private String real_name;
  /**
   * role_id : 1
   * role_name : 超级管理员
   */
 
  private RoleBean role;
  private String username;
  /**
   * module_code : 100
   * module_id : 1
   * module_name : 首页
   * pid : 0
   * type : 1
   * value : P_index
   */
 
  private List<ModulesBean> modules;
 
  public String getLast_login_time() {
    return last_login_time;
  }
 
  public void setLast_login_time(String last_login_time) {
    this.last_login_time = last_login_time;
  }
 
  public int getMember_id() {
    return member_id;
  }
 
  public void setMember_id(int member_id) {
    this.member_id = member_id;
  }
 
  public String getPhone() {
    return phone;
  }
 
  public void setPhone(String phone) {
    this.phone = phone;
  }
 
  public String getReal_name() {
    return real_name;
  }
 
  public void setReal_name(String real_name) {
    this.real_name = real_name;
  }
 
  public RoleBean getRole() {
    return role;
  }
 
  public void setRole(RoleBean role) {
    this.role = role;
  }
 
  public String getUsername() {
    return username;
  }
 
  public void setUsername(String username) {
    this.username = username;
  }
 
  public List<ModulesBean> getModules() {
    return modules;
  }
 
  public void setModules(List<ModulesBean> modules) {
    this.modules = modules;
  }
 
  public static class RoleBean {
    private int role_id;
    private String role_name;
 
    public int getRole_id() {
      return role_id;
    }
 
    public void setRole_id(int role_id) {
      this.role_id = role_id;
    }
 
    public String getRole_name() {
      return role_name;
    }
 
    public void setRole_name(String role_name) {
      this.role_name = role_name;
    }
  }
 
  public static class ModulesBean {
    private String module_code;
    private int module_id;
    private String module_name;
    private int pid;
    private int type;
    private String value;
 
    public String getModule_code() {
      return module_code;
    }
 
    public void setModule_code(String module_code) {
      this.module_code = module_code;
    }
 
    public int getModule_id() {
      return module_id;
    }
 
    public void setModule_id(int module_id) {
      this.module_id = module_id;
    }
 
    public String getModule_name() {
      return module_name;
    }
 
    public void setModule_name(String module_name) {
      this.module_name = module_name;
    }
 
    public int getPid() {
      return pid;
    }
 
    public void setPid(int pid) {
      this.pid = pid;
    }
 
    public int getType() {
      return type;
    }
 
    public void setType(int type) {
      this.type = type;
    }
 
    public String getValue() {
      return value;
    }
 
    public void setValue(String value) {
      this.value = value;
    }
  }
 
}

  所以MainActivity代码如下:

package com.qianmo.httprequest;
 
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.TextView;
 
import com.qianmo.httprequest.bean.CommonResultBean;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.bean.UserMenu;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.IRequestCallBack;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.IRequestManager;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.OkHttpClientManager;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.RequestFactory;
import com.qianmo.httprequest.http.ResultCallback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Call;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Callback;
import com.squareup.okhttp.FormEncodingBuilder;
import com.squareup.okhttp.OkHttpClient;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Request;
import com.squareup.okhttp.RequestBody;
import com.squareup.okhttp.Response;
 
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
 
 
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements OnClickListener {
  private Handler handler;
  private TextView tv_message;
  private Button btn_login;
  private ProgressBar progressBar;
 
  @Override
  protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    tv_message = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv_message);
    btn_login = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_login);
    progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar);
    handler = new Handler();
    btn_login.setOnClickListener(this);
  }
 
  @Override
  public void onClick(View view) {
    progressBar.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
 
 
    String url = "http://192.168.1.123:8081/api/login";
    Map<String, String> params = new HashMap();
    params.put("username", "superadmin");
    params.put("pwd", "ba3253876aed6bc22d4a6ff53d8406c6ad864195ed144ab5c87621b6c233b548baeae6956df346ec8c17f5ea10f35ee3cbc514797ed7ddd3145464e2a0bab413");
    OkHttpClientManager.postAsyn(url, params,
        new ResultCallback<CommonResultBean<UserMenu>>() {
          @Override
          public void onError(Request request, Exception e) {
 
          }
 
          @Override
          public void onResponse(CommonResultBean<UserMenu> response) {
            if (response.getData() != null) {
              UserMenu userMenu = response.getData();
              tv_message.setText(userMenu.getReal_name());
              progressBar.setVisibility(View.GONE);
            }
          }
        });
 
  }
}

  这样我们就可以简单的调用了,最后看一下我们的效果:

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