使用介绍
开发中经常会遇到一些和倒计时有关的场景,比如发送验证码的按钮,会在点击发送后,显示倒计时间,倒计时结束后才能够刷新按钮,再次允许点击。为了不阻塞软件的运行,又要实时刷新界面,我们通常会用到 Handler 或者 AsyncTask 等技术,自己写逻辑实现。其实 Android 中已经封装好了一套 CountDownTimer 来实现这个功能需求。
CountDownTimer(long millisInFuture, long countDownInterval)
CountDownTimer的两个参数分别表示倒计时的总时间 millisInFuture 和间隔时间 countDownInterval。
具体的调用如下:
TextView vertifyBtn; CountDownTimer timer = new CountDownTimer(60000, 1000) { @Override public void onTick(long millisUntilFinished) { vertifyBtn.setText((millisUntilFinished / 1000) + " second"); } @Override public void onFinish() { vertifyBtn.setEnabled(true); vertifyBtn.setText("Send"); } }; timer.start();
上面的调用举例表示总计 60 秒,每 1 秒都会执行一次 onTick 方法,其参数 millisUntilFinished 表示倒计时剩余时间毫秒数,最后倒计时结束执行 onFinish 方法。
实现原理
下面是 CountDownTimer 的源码,代码非常少,很好理解。从源代码中可以看出,其实 CountDownTimer 也是利用 Handler 的消息处理机制来实现效果的。初始化设定好起始和终止时间后,每隔一定的间隔时间通过 Handler 给主线程发送消息,然后再在消息处理中回调方法。好好利用官方封装好的工具类,可以避免我们重复的造轮子,当然了解轮子的原理就更好了!
package android.os; public abstract class CountDownTimer { private final long mMillisInFuture; private final long mCountdownInterval; private long mStopTimeInFuture; private boolean mCancelled = false; public CountDownTimer(long millisInFuture, long countDownInterval) { mMillisInFuture = millisInFuture; mCountdownInterval = countDownInterval; } public synchronized final void cancel() { mCancelled = true; mHandler.removeMessages(MSG); } public synchronized final CountDownTimer start() { mCancelled = false; if (mMillisInFuture <= 0) { onFinish(); return this; } mStopTimeInFuture = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime() + mMillisInFuture; mHandler.sendMessage(mHandler.obtainMessage(MSG)); return this; } public abstract void onTick(long millisUntilFinished); public abstract void onFinish(); private static final int MSG = 1; private Handler mHandler = new Handler() { @Override public void handleMessage(Message msg) { synchronized (CountDownTimer.this) { if (mCancelled) { return; } final long millisLeft = mStopTimeInFuture - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); if (millisLeft <= 0) { onFinish(); } else if (millisLeft < mCountdownInterval) { // no tick, just delay until done sendMessageDelayed(obtainMessage(MSG), millisLeft); } else { long lastTickStart = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); onTick(millisLeft); // take into account user's onTick taking time to execute long delay = lastTickStart + mCountdownInterval - SystemClock.elapsedRealtime(); // special case: user's onTick took more than interval to // complete, skip to next interval while (delay < 0) delay += mCountdownInterval; sendMessageDelayed(obtainMessage(MSG), delay); } } } }; }
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