因为网络隔离，无法使用yum方式安装mysql，这里介绍linux服务器上手动离线安装mysql的方法。
目的
离线安装mysql服务
服务器：centos7.2，配置本地yum源
mysql版本：mysql5.7.18
步骤
1.下载安装包mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz，安装包传输到目的服务器/tmp目录
2.my.cnf文件（见文末）传输到目的服务器的/tmp目录
3.创建用户和相应文件夹：
# prepare groupadd mysql useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql yum install -y autoconf mkdir /apps mkdir /logs mkdir /data mkdir -p /data/mysql7006/data && chown -R mysql:mysql /data/mysql7006 mkdir /logs/mysql7006 && chown -R mysql:mysql /logs/mysql7006 touch /logs/mysql7006/error-log.err && chown -R mysql:mysql /logs/mysql7006/error-log.err
4.安装
cd /tmp tar zxvf mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz mv mysql-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql mv mysql /apps/mysql cp my.cnf /apps/mysql/ chown -R mysql:mysql /apps/mysql/ # 初始化数据库， cd /apps/mysql ./bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/apps/mysql/ --datadir=/data/mysql7006/data/
初始化过程中会生成一个默认密码记得记下来，后续修改用。
5.注册service（可以不做）
# 依据情况修改support-files/mysql.server cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql systemctl start mysql.service # 添加开机启动 chkconfig mysql.server on
6.启动数据库/apps/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/apps/mysql/my.cnf &
7.修改默认密码：
/apps/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'password' --port=7006 --socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock -p # 修改后清空linux的history记录 history -c # 登陆测试： /apps/mysql/bin/mysql -u root --port=7006 --socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock -p
8.防火墙、赋权（按需做）
# 防火墙 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=7006/tcp --permanent systemctl restart firewalld firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=7006/tcp # 赋权给登陆用户 use mysql; grant all privileges on *.* to user@'ip' identified by "password"; flush privileges; select host,user,password from user;
9.本地隐藏密码登录（可以不做）
## 使用mysql_config_editor 制作登录文件 /apps/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor set --login-path=root_pass --user=root --port=7006 --socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock --password ## 输入密码：****** ## 文件会加密存储于用户根目录下.mylogin.cnf /apps/mysql/bin/mysql_config_editor print --all ## 下次登录时直接敲： /apps/mysql/bin/mysql --login-path=root_pass # 再省事一些：set alias # 打开file .bashrc，添加 alias db7006='/apps/mysql/bin/mysql --login-path=root_pass' # 然后退出执行： source .bashrc ## 下次登录时直接敲： db7006
附录
my.cnf文件
主要功能：全局utf8字符集、自定义端口、数据文件夹、日志文件夹、默认引擎innodb（支持事务，对xtrabackup友好）、跳过客户端登陆时的dns解析
[client] port=7006 default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] skip-name-resolve secure_file_priv="/" character-set-server=utf8 user=mysql server_id=20180917 port=7006 socket=/data/mysql7006/mysql.sock pid-file=/data/mysql7006/mysql.pid basedir=/apps/mysql datadir=/data/mysql7006/data log-error=/logs/mysql7006/error-log log-bin=/logs/mysql7006/bin-log max_allowed_packet = 64M default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_strict_mode = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 5G innodb_stats_on_metadata = 0 innodb_file_format = Barracuda innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT innodb_log_files_in_group = 2 innodb_log_file_size = 4G innodb_log_buffer_size = 128M innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 60 innodb_io_capacity = 4000 lower_case_table_names = 1 #ADD INNODB innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_adaptive_flushing = 1 innodb_thread_concurrency = 0 innodb_stats_persistent = 1 innodb_purge_threads = 4 innodb_use_native_aio = 1 ##innodb_use_sys_malloc = 1 innodb_autoinc_lock_mode = 2 innodb_change_buffering = inserts innodb_read_io_threads = 16 innodb_write_io_threads = 16 expire_logs_days = 30 # CACHES AND LIMITS # key_buffer_size = 32M tmp_table_size = 256M max_heap_table_size = 256M table_open_cache = 4096 query_cache_type = 0 query_cache_size = 0 max_connections = 2000 thread_cache_size = 1024 open_files_limit = 65535 #ADD OTHERS metadata_locks_hash_instances = 256 table_open_cache_instances = 16 back_log = 1500 wait_timeout = 3600 interactive_timeout = 3600 master_info_repository=TABLE relay_log_info_repository=TABLE log_slave_updates=ON binlog_checksum=NONE binlog_format=ROW transaction_isolation=READ-COMMITTED sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
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