本文详细介绍了RocketMQ项目开发的相关资料,包括RocketMQ的基本概念、开发环境搭建、核心组件详解和开发实战等。此外,文章还涵盖了RocketMQ的优势、应用场景以及与其他消息队列的比较。对于希望深入了解和使用RocketMQ的开发者来说,这些内容提供了全面的指导和参考。文中还提供了丰富的代码示例,帮助读者更好地理解和实现RocketMQ项目开发。
RocketMQ是由阿里巴巴开源的一款分布式消息中间件,它基于Java语言开发,具备高吞吐量、高可用性等特性,广泛应用于大型分布式系统中,提供异步解耦、流量削峰等功能。RocketMQ的核心优势在于高性能、灵活性以及丰富的特性支持,使其成为众多企业级应用中的首选消息系统。
RocketMQ中的几个核心概念包括:
RocketMQ的优势包括:
RocketMQ的应用场景包括:
与RabbitMQ相比,RocketMQ在分布式场景下表现更优,尤其在大规模高并发的场景中,RocketMQ具备更高的性能和稳定性。RocketMQ支持更丰富的消息模式,如广播模式和集群模式,而RabbitMQ则更多依赖于AMQP协议的灵活性。
与Kafka相比,RocketMQ在可靠性方面更胜一筹,支持事务消息和顺序消息等高级特性,而Kafka则在流处理和实时分析方面有更强的表现。在消息持久化方面,RocketMQ支持更灵活的配置,而Kafka则更多依赖于磁盘存储。
tar -zxvf rocketmq-all-4.9.3-bin-release.tar.gz cd rocketmq-all-4.9.3
export ROCKETMQ_HOME=/path/to/rocketmq export PATH=$PATH:$ROCKETMQ_HOME/bin
nohup sh bin/mqnamesrv &
可以通过ps
命令查看是否启动成功:
ps -ef | grep mqnamesrv
nohup sh bin/mqbroker -n localhost:9876 &
可以通过ps
命令查看是否启动成功:
ps -ef | grep mqbroker
sh bin/mqshutdown namesrv sh bin/mqshutdown broker
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start();
Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", // topic "TagA", // tag "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET), // body new PutMessageBodyCRC32C());
SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult.getSendStatus().name());
producer.shutdown();
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*");
consumer.registerMessageListener((msgs, context) -> { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { System.out.printf("%s%n", new String(msg.getBody(), RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); } return ConsumeMessageResult.CONSUME_SUCCESS; });
consumer.start();
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start();
Message msg = new Message("TopicTest", // topic "TagA", // tag "Hello RocketMQ".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET), // body new PutMessageBodyCRC32C()); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult.getSendStatus().name());
producer.shutdown();
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*");
consumer.registerMessageListener((msgs, context) -> { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { System.out.printf("%s%n", new String(msg.getBody(), RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); } return ConsumeMessageResult.CONSUME_SUCCESS; });
consumer.start();
producer.send(msg, (sendResult, e) -> { if (e != null) { e.printStackTrace(); } else { System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult.getSendStatus().name()); } });
SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg); System.out.printf("%s%n", sendResult.getSendStatus().name());
producer.sendOneway(msg);
consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "TagA || TagB");
consumer.setConsumeMessageBatchMaxSize(1); consumer.setConsumeTimeout(3000);
logs
目录下。生产者-消费者模式:通过Producer和Consumer实现消息的生产和消费。
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*"); consumer.registerMessageListener((msgs, context) -> { for (MessageExt msg : msgs) { System.out.printf("%s%n", new String(msg.getBody(), RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET)); } return ConsumeMessageResult.CONSUME_SUCCESS; }); consumer.start();
public static NameServerController start(String host, int port, long timeOut) throws Exception { if (null == nsController) { synchronized (NameServerController.class) { if (null == nsController) { nsController = new NameServerController(host, port, timeOut); nsController.start(); } } } return nsController; }
主从备份:通过设置Master和Slave节点实现高可用。
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); producer.setBrokerName("MasterBroker"); DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*"); consumer.setBrokerName("SlaveBroker"); consumer.start();
水平扩展:通过增加Broker节点实现高并发场景下的负载均衡。
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.start(); producer.setBrokerName("BrokerA"); DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TopicTest", "*"); consumer.setBrokerName("BrokerB"); consumer.start();
DefaultMQProducer producer = new DefaultMQProducer("ProducerGroupName"); producer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); producer.setRetryTimesWhenSendFailed(2); producer.start();
Message msg = new Message("OrderTopic", // topic "OrderTag", // tag "OrderID".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET), // body new PutMessageBodyCRC32C()); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg);
DefaultMQPushConsumer consumer = new DefaultMQPushConsumer("ConsumerGroupName"); consumer.setNamesrvAddr("localhost:9876"); consumer.subscribe("TrafficShapingTopic", "*"); consumer.registerMessageListener((msgs, context) -> { // 处理逻辑 return ConsumeMessageResult.CONSUME_SUCCESS; }); consumer.start();
Message msg = new Message("UserTopic", // topic "UserTag", // tag "UserID".getBytes(RemotingHelper.DEFAULT_CHARSET), // body new PutMessageBodyCRC32C()); SendResult sendResult = producer.send(msg);
通过这些实战案例,可以更好地理解RocketMQ在实际业务场景中的应用。