通过极限网关来加速索引写入速度

本文主要是介绍通过极限网关来加速索引写入速度，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

操作手册

测试环境

主集群：http://10.0.1.2:9200 , 用户名: elastic 密码：*** ,9 节点 , 硬件规格：12C64GB (31GB JVM)
备集群：http://10.0.1.15:9200 , 用户名: elastic 密码：*** ,9 节点 , 硬件规格：12C64GB (31GB JVM)
网关服务器 1(公网 IP:120.92.43.31，内网 IP:192.168.0.24) 硬件规格：40C 256GB 3.7T NVME SSD
压测服务器 1(内网 IP: 10.0.0.117) 硬件规格：24C 48GB
压测服务器 2(内网 IP: 10.0.0.69) 硬件规格：24C 48GB

测试说明

本次测试主要验证网关索引加速的可操作性，以及评估达到不同性能所需要的硬件规格，用于实际生产环境的部署配置参考。

场景描述

网关通过将请求按照目标节点来重新组合，实现请求快慢分离，从而提高整体集群的写入吞吐。

数据描述

以 Loadgen 自动生成的 Nginx 数据为例来介绍，分别就直接写 Elasticsearch 和走网关来写 Elasticsearch，对比他们的速度差异，执行步骤依次说明。数据样例：

{

"_index": "test-10",

"_type": "_doc",

"_id": "cak5emoke01flcq9q760",

"_source": {

"batch_number": "2328917",

"id": "cak5emoke01flcq9r19g",

"ip": "192.168.0.1",

"message": "175.10.75.216 - webmaster [29/Jul/2020:17:01:26 +0800] \"GET /rest/system/status HTTP/1.1\" 200 1838 \"http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/\" \"Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36\"",

"now_local": "2022-06-14 17:39:39.420724895 +0800 CST",

"now_unix": "1655199579",

"random_no": "13",

"routing_no": "cak5emoke01flcq9pvu0"

}

}

数据架构

极限网关可以本地计算每个索引文档对应后端 Elasticsearch 集群的目标存放位置，从而能够精准的进行请求定位，在一批 bulk 请求中，可能存在多个后端节点的数据，bulk_reshuffle 过滤器用来将正常的 bulk 请求打散，按照目标节点或者分片进行拆分重新组装，避免 Elasticsearch 节点收到请求之后再次进行请求分发，从而降低 Elasticsearch 集群间的流量和负载，也能避免单个节点成为热点瓶颈，确保各个数据节点的处理均衡，从而提升集群总体的索引吞吐能力。

我们分别对比测试 3 分片和 30 分片的场景。

测试准备

部署网关程序

系统调优

参考这里的文档：https://gateway.infinilabs.com/zh/docs/getting-started/optimization/

下载程序

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcoZ ~]# mkdir /opt/gateway

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcoZ ~]# cd /opt/gateway/

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcoZ gateway]# tar vxzf gateway-1.6.0_SNAPSHOT-649-linux-amd64.tar.gz

gateway-linux-amd64

gateway.yml

sample-configs/

sample-configs/elasticsearch-with-ldap.yml

sample-configs/indices-replace.yml

sample-configs/record_and_play.yml

sample-configs/cross-cluster-search.yml

sample-configs/kibana-proxy.yml

sample-configs/elasticsearch-proxy.yml

sample-configs/v8-bulk-indexing-compatibility.yml

sample-configs/use_old_style_search_response.yml

sample-configs/context-update.yml

sample-configs/elasticsearch-route-by-index.yml

sample-configs/hello_world.yml

sample-configs/entry-with-tls.yml

sample-configs/javascript.yml

sample-configs/log4j-request-filter.yml

sample-configs/request-filter.yml

sample-configs/condition.yml

sample-configs/cross-cluster-replication.yml

sample-configs/secured-elasticsearch-proxy.yml

sample-configs/fast-bulk-indexing.yml

sample-configs/es_migration.yml

sample-configs/index-docs-diff.yml

sample-configs/rate-limiter.yml

sample-configs/async-bulk-indexing.yml

sample-configs/elasticssearch-request-logging.yml

sample-configs/router_rules.yml

sample-configs/auth.yml

sample-configs/index-backup.yml

修改配置

将网关提供的示例配置拷贝，并根据实际集群的信息进行相应的修改，如下：

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcoZ gateway]# cp sample-configs/async-bulk-indexing.yml

修改集群的注册信息，如下：

根据需要修改网关监听的端口，以及是否开启 TLS(如果应用客户端通过 http://协议访问 ES，请将 entry.tls.enabled 值改为 false)，如下：

不同的集群可以使用不同的配置，分别监听不同的端口，用于业务的分开访问。

启动网关

启动网关并指定刚刚创建的配置，如下：

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcoZ gateway]# ./gateway-linux-amd64 -config gateway.yml

  

___ _ _____ __ __ __ _

/ _ \ /_\ /__ \/__\/ / /\ \ \/_\ /\_/\

/ /_\///_\\ / /\/_\ \ \/ \/ //_\\\_ _/

/ /_\\/ _ \/ / //__ \ /\ / _ \/ \

\____/\_/ \_/\/ \__/ \/ \/\_/ \_/\_/

  

[GATEWAY] A light-weight, powerful and high-performance elasticsearch gateway.

[GATEWAY] 1.6.0_SNAPSHOT, 2022-05-18 11:09:54, 2023-12-31 10:10:10, 73408e82a0f96352075f4c7d2974fd274eeafe11

[05-19 13:35:43] [INF] [app.go:174] initializing gateway.

[05-19 13:35:43] [INF] [app.go:175] using config: /opt/gateway/gateway.yml.

[05-19 13:35:43] [INF] [instance.go:72] workspace: /opt/gateway/data1/gateway/nodes/ca2tc22j7ad0gneois80

[05-19 13:35:43] [INF] [app.go:283] gateway is up and running now.

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [actions.go:358] elasticsearch [primary] is available

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [api.go:262] api listen at: http://0.0.0.0:2900

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [reverseproxy.go:261] elasticsearch [primary] hosts: [] => [192.168.0.19:9200]

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [reverseproxy.go:261] elasticsearch [backup] hosts: [] => [xxxxxxxx-backup:9200]

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [reverseproxy.go:261] elasticsearch [primary] hosts: [] => [192.168.0.19:9200]

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [reverseproxy.go:261] elasticsearch [backup] hosts: [] => [xxxxxxxx-primary:9200]

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [reverseproxy.go:261] elasticsearch [primary] hosts: [] => [192.168.0.19:9200]

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [entry.go:322] entry [my_es_entry/] listen at: https://0.0.0.0:8000

[05-19 13:35:50] [INF] [module.go:116] all modules are started

启动服务

快速安装网关为系统服务，操作方式如下：

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcpZ console]# ./gateway-linux-amd64 -service install

Success

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcpZ console]# ./gateway-linux-amd64 -service start

Success

部署管理后台

为了方便在多个集群之间快速切换，使用 Console 来进行管理。

下载安装

将提供的安装程序解压即可完成安装，如下：

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcpZ console]# tar vxzf console-0.3.0_SNAPSHOT-596-linux-amd64.tar.gz

console-linux-amd64

console.yml

修改配置

使用 [http://10.0.1.2:9200](http://10.0.1.2:9200)作为 Console 的系统集群，保留监控指标和元数据信息，修改配置如下：

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcpZ console]# cat console.yml

  

elasticsearch:

- name: default

enabled: true

monitored: false

endpoint: http://10.0.1.2:9200

basic_auth:

username: elastic

password: xxxxx

discovery:

enabled: false

...

启动服务

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcpZ console]# ./console-linux-amd64 -service install

Success

[root@iZbp1gxkifg8uetb33pvcpZ console]# ./console-linux-amd64 -service start

Success

访问后台

访问该主机的 9000 端口，即可打开 Console 后台，http://10.0.128.58:9000/#/cluster/overview

打开菜单 [System][Cluster] ，注册当前需要管理的 Elasticsearch 集群和网关地址，用来快速管理，如下：

注册网关

打开 GATEWAY 的注册功能，设置为网关的 API 地址来进行管理，如下：

测试 Gateway

为了验证网关是否正常工作，我们通过 Console 来快速验证一下。

首先通过走网关的接口来创建一个索引，并写入一个文档，如下：

首先查看主集群的数据情况，如下：

继续查看备集群的数据情况，如下：

两边集群都返回相同的数据，说明网关配置都正常，验证结束。

安装 Loadgen

测试机器同样需要调优，参考网关的调优说明。

在测试机上面，下载安装 Loadgen，如下：

[root@vm10-0-0-69 opt]# tar vxzf loadgen-1.4.0_SNAPSHOT-50-linux-amd64.tar.gz

下载一个 Nginx 日志样本，保存为 nginx.log，如下：

[root@vm10-0-0-69 opt]# head nginx.log

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 8676 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /vendor/bootstrap/css/bootstrap.css HTTP/1.1" 200 17235 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /vendor/daterangepicker/daterangepicker.css HTTP/1.1" 200 1700 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /vendor/fork-awesome/css/v5-compat.css HTTP/1.1" 200 2091 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /assets/font/raleway.css HTTP/1.1" 200 145 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /vendor/fork-awesome/css/fork-awesome.css HTTP/1.1" 200 8401 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /assets/css/overrides.css HTTP/1.1" 200 2524 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /assets/css/theme.css HTTP/1.1" 200 306 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /vendor/fancytree/css/ui.fancytree.css HTTP/1.1" 200 3456 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

175.10.75.216 - - [28/Jul/2020:21:20:26 +0800] "GET /syncthing/development/logbar.js HTTP/1.1" 200 486 "http://dl-console.elasticsearch.cn/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36"

修改 Loadgen 的配置文件

修改其中的变量，将 message 指向刚刚准备好的 nginx 日志，并修改 es 的地址和身份信息，Loadgen 将随机构造写入请求，具体配置如下：

[root@vm10-0-0-117 opt]# cat loadgen.yml

variables:

- name: ip

type: file

path: dict/ip.txt

- name: message

type: file

path: nginx.log

- name: user

type: file

path: dict/user.txt

- name: id

type: sequence

- name: uuid

type: uuid

- name: now_local

type: now_local

- name: now_utc

type: now_utc

- name: now_unix

type: now_unix

- name: suffix

type: range

from: 10

to: 13

requests:

- request:

method: POST

runtime_variables:

batch_no: id

runtime_body_line_variables:

routing_no: uuid

basic_auth:

username: elastic

password: xxxx

url: http://10.0.128.58:8000/_bulk

body_repeat_times: 5000

body: "{ \"create\" : { \"_index\" : \"test-$[[suffix]]\",\"_type\":\"_doc\", \"_id\" : \"$[[uuid]]\" } }\n{ \"id\" : \"$[[uuid]]\",\"routing_no\" : \"$[[routing_no]]\",\"batch_number\" : \"$[[batch_no]]\", \"message\" : \"$[[message]]\", \"random_no\" : \"$[[suffix]]\",\"ip\" : \"$[[ip]]\",\"now_local\" : \"$[[now_local]]\",\"now_unix\" : \"$[[now_unix]]\" }\n"

启动 Loadgen 进行测试

指定相关运行时间参数 -d和并发参数 -c，开启请求压缩，如下：

[root@vm10-0-0-117 opt]# ./loadgen-linux-amd64 -d 60000 -c 200 --compress

__ ___ _ ___ ___ __ __

/ / /___\/_\ / \/ _ \ /__\/\ \ \

/ / // ///_\\ / /\ / /_\//_\ / \/ /

/ /__/ \_// _ \/ /_// /_\\//__/ /\ /

\____|___/\_/ \_/___,'\____/\__/\_\ \/

  

[LOADGEN] A http load generator and testing suit.

[LOADGEN] 1.4.0_SNAPSHOT, 2022-06-01 09:58:17, 2023-12-31 10:10:10, b6a73e2434ac931d1d43bce78c0f7622a1d08b2e

[06-14 18:47:29] [INF] [app.go:174] initializing loadgen.

[06-14 18:47:29] [INF] [app.go:175] using config: /opt/loadgen.yml.

[06-14 18:47:29] [INF] [module.go:116] all modules are started

[06-14 18:47:30] [INF] [instance.go:72] workspace: /opt/data/loadgen/nodes/cajfdg0ke012ka748j30

[06-14 18:47:30] [INF] [app.go:283] loadgen is up and running now.

[06-14 18:47:30] [INF] [loader.go:320] warmup started

[06-14 18:47:30] [INF] [loader.go:329] [POST] http://10.0.128.58:8000/_bulk -{"took":115,"errors":false,"items":[{"create":{"_index":"test-11","_type":"_doc","_id":"cak6eggke0184a2dcc70","_version":1,"result":"created","_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"failed":0},"_seq_no":39707421,"_primary_term":1,"status":201}},{"create":{"_i

[06-14 18:47:30] [INF] [loader.go:330] status: 200,<nil>,{"took":115,"errors":false,"items":[{"create":{"_index":"test-11","_type":"_doc","_id":"cak6eggke0184a2dcc70","_version":1,"result":"created","_shards":{"total":1,"successful":1,"failed":0},"_seq_no":39707421,"_primary_term":1,"status":201}},{"create":{"_i

[06-14 18:47:30] [INF] [loader.go:338] warmup finished

在另外一台压测机执行同样的安装操作，不重复描述。

测试方法

准备模板

创建一个默认的索引模板，用于优化写入性能：

PUT _template/test

{

"index_patterns": [

"test*"

],

"settings": {

"index.translog.durability": "async",

"refresh_interval": "-1",

"number_of_shards": 3,

"number_of_replicas": 0

},

"mappings": {

"dynamic_templates": [

{

"strings": {

"mapping": {

"ignore_above": 256,

"type": "keyword"

},

"match_mapping_type": "string"

}

}

]

}

}

开启压测

分别在压测机器上面执行压测工具：

[root@vm10-0-0-117 opt]# ./loadgen-linux-amd64 -d 60000 -c 200 --compress

观察吞吐

打开 Console 工具来查看集群的吞吐情况，打开监控菜单，点击顶部的下拉选项，可以快速切换不同集群，查看主集群的吞吐情况，如下：

限制 CPU

为了测试不同 CPU 资源下的网关性能，我们使用 taskset 来绑定进程的 CPU, 如下：

测试过程

网关配置：

直写 ES

Loadgen 配置

[root@vm10-0-0-69 opt]# cat loadgen2.yml

statsd:

enabled: false

host: 192.168.3.98

port: 8125

namespace: loadgen.

variables:

- name: ip

type: file

path: dict/ip.txt

- name: message

type: file

path: nginx.log

- name: user

type: file

path: dict/user.txt

- name: id

type: sequence

- name: uuid

type: uuid

- name: now_local

type: now_local

- name: now_utc

type: now_utc

- name: now_unix

type: now_unix

- name: suffix

type: range

from: 10

to: 13

requests:

- request:

method: POST

runtime_variables:

batch_no: id

runtime_body_line_variables:

routing_no: uuid

basic_auth:

username: elastic

password: ####

#url: http://localhost:8000/_search?q=$[[id]]

url: http://10.0.1.2:9200/_bulk

body_repeat_times: 10000

body: "{ \"create\" : { \"_index\" : \"test-$[[suffix]]\",\"_type\":\"_doc\", \"_id\" : \"$[[uuid]]\" } }\n{ \"id\" : \"$[[uuid]]\",\"routing_no\" : \"$[[routing_no]]\",\"message\" : \"$[[message]]\",\"batch_number\" : \"$[[batch_no]]\", \"random_no\" : \"$[[suffix]]\",\"ip\" : \"$[[ip]]\",\"now_local\" : \"$[[now_local]]\",\"now_unix\" : \"$[[now_unix]]\" }\n"

第二台 Loadgen 的配置：

[root@vm10-0-0-117 opt]# cat loadgen2.yml

statsd:

enabled: false

host: 192.168.3.98

port: 8125

namespace: loadgen.

variables:

- name: ip

type: file

path: dict/ip.txt

- name: message

type: file

path: nginx.log

- name: user

type: file

path: dict/user.txt

- name: id

type: sequence

- name: uuid

type: uuid

- name: now_local

type: now_local

- name: now_utc

type: now_utc

- name: now_unix

type: now_unix

- name: suffix

type: range

from: 10

to: 13

requests:

- request:

method: POST

runtime_variables:

batch_no: id

runtime_body_line_variables:

routing_no: uuid

basic_auth:

username: elastic

password: ####

url: http://10.0.1.2:9200/_bulk

body_repeat_times: 5000

body: "{ \"create\" : { \"_index\" : \"test-$[[suffix]]\",\"_type\":\"_doc\", \"_id\" : \"$[[uuid]]\" } }\n{ \"id\" : \"$[[uuid]]\",\"routing_no\" : \"$[[routing_no]]\",\"batch_number\" : \"$[[batch_no]]\", \"message\" : \"$[[message]]\", \"random_no\" : \"$[[suffix]]\",\"ip\" : \"$[[ip]]\",\"now_local\" : \"$[[now_local]]\",\"now_unix\" : \"$[[now_unix]]\" }\n"

分别启动压测：

[root@vm10-0-0-69 opt]# ./loadgen-linux-amd64 -c 100 -d 66000 -config loadgen2.yml

[root@vm10-0-0-117 opt]# ./loadgen-linux-amd64 -c 100 -d 66000 -config loadgen2.yml

直接写 ES 的吞吐稳定在 ~600k eps，每个索引 3 分片。

网关 1C

走网关模式，先测试默认索引 3 分片的：

网关 2C

网关 4C

网关 6C

网关 8C

Loadgen 并发都调成 200：

[root@vm10-0-0-117 opt]# ./loadgen-linux-amd64 -c 200 -d 66000 -config loadgen1.yml

性能无提升，网关 CPU 吃不满。

直写 ES - 32 分片

删除所有，并修改模板，默认 30 分片：

DELETE test-10

DELETE test-11

DELETE test-12

DELETE test-13

DELETE test-14

DELETE test-15

  

PUT _template/test

{

"index_patterns": [

"test*"

],

"settings": {

"index.translog.durability": "async",

"refresh_interval": "-1",

"number_of_shards": 30,

"number_of_replicas": 0

},

"mappings": {

"dynamic_templates": [

{

"strings": {

"mapping": {

"ignore_above": 256,

"type": "keyword"

},

"match_mapping_type": "string"

}

}

]

}

}

继续压测：