📢 本文章同步自作者的语雀知识库,请点击这里阅读原文。
如果你使用的 Linux 系统 GCC 版本太低, 又没有 root 权限 (即使有 root 权限又担心升级 GCC 带来的风险) ; 同时你又不想入坑 conda, 但是你又希望安装一个最新版本的 R, 那么恭喜你, 这篇普通用户在 Linux 下源码编译安装 R 的记录刚好满足了你想要的一切.。
📢 说明
- 本文档以 R-3.6.0 为例, 但对于 R-3.6.x, R-4.0.x 的安装同样适用。
- 根据本教程,经过测试,以下版本均可以正常安装成功。
- R-4.0.3
- R-4.1.2
- R-4.3.0
本教程在以下的安装环境中,经过测试都可以正常操作:
系统(版本) | GCC 版本 |
---|---|
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 6.5 (Santiago), x86_64 | gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC) |
CentOS Linux release 7.6.1810 (Core), x86_64 | gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) |
openEuler 20.03 (LTS) | gcc (GCC) 7.3.0 |
R 源码编译安装基本命令。
# Rpy:--enable-R-shlib # download list:https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CRAN/src/base/ $ wget https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/CRAN/src/base/R-3/R-3.6.0.tar.gz $ tar zxvf R-3.6.0.tar.gz $ cd R-3.6.0 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 --enable-R-shlib --enable-BLAS-shlib --with-blas --with-lapack
关于 R 相关的动态库:
--enable-R-shlib
选项,将 R 编译成 lib 模式,在此模式下,会生成 path-to-R/lib/libR.so
库——将 R 编译成动态库(libR.so),然后 R 的执行程序与之链接;
libR.so
,在安装 rpy2(Python 中的 R 语言接口模块) 时就无法正确编译。libRblas.so
,libRlapack.so
两个链接库也被正确生成,这两个库默认会生成,如果没有,需要添加参数:--enable-BLAS-shlib
,--with-blas
,--with-lapack
;# Ubuntu/Debian apt install gfortran # RHEL/openEluer yum install gcc-gfortran
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install build-essential apt install g++ # RHEL/openEluer yum install glibc-headers yum install gcc-c++
R 源码编译安装的时候需要的各种依赖库比较多,如果你有 root 的权限,建议使用 yum/apt 等系统命令解决;如果没有 root 权限,可以手动一个个去解决。
针对 RHEL/Debian 一些常见的依赖,使用 yum/apt 自动解决的示例。
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install install libreadline-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install readline-devel
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install libx11-dev xorg-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install xorg-x11-server-devel libX11-devel libXt-devel
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install liblzma-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install lzma-devel xz xz-devel
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install libpcre2-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install pcre pcre-devel # 安装 PCRE1 yum install pcre2 pcre2-devel # 安装 PCRE2
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install libcurl4-openssl-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install libcurl-devel
R 安装过程中默认开启 --with-jpeglib(use jpeglib library (if available) [yes]),但是相关的依赖没有,依然可以正常安装(没有任何报错),但最后会提示:Capabilities skipped: JPEG!
# Ubuntu/Debian yum install libjpeg-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install libjpeg-devel
R 安装过程中默认开启 --with-tifflib(use libtiff library (if available) [yes]),但是相关的依赖没有,依然可以正常安装(没有任何报错),但最后会提示:Capabilities skipped: TIFF!
# Ubuntu/Debian yum install libtiff-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install libtiff-devel
R 安装过程中默认开启 --with-cairo(use cairo (and pango) if available [yes]),但是相关的依赖没有,依然可以正常安装(没有任何报错),但最后会提示:Capabilities skipped: cairo!
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install libcairo2-dev libxt-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install cairo-devel
R 安装过程中默认开启 --with-ICU(use ICU library (if available) [yes]),如果不可用,最后会提示:Capabilities skipped: ICU!
# Ubuntu/Debian apt install libicu-dev # RHEL/openEluer yum install libicu libicu-devel
以下是一些常见的依赖手动解决的示例,可以参考。
根据《R Installation and Administration: A.1 Essential programs and libraries》官方文档,zlib (version 1.2.5 or later),至少需要 1.2.5 及以上版本。
Installations of
zlib
(version 1.2.5 or later),libbz2
(version 1.0.6 or later: called bzip2-libs/bzip2-devel or libbz2-1.0/libbz2-dev by some Linux distributions) andliblzma
version 5.0.3 or later are required.
报错: checking for zlib.h... yes checking if zlib version >= 1.2.5... no checking whether zlib support suffices... configure: error: zlib library and headers are required ## 缺少zlib或者zlib版本过低, 要求 zlib 版本 >= 1.2.5
# download list:http://www.zlib.net/fossils/ $ wget http://www.zlib.net/fossils/zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz $ tar xvf zlib-1.2.6.tar.gz $ cd zlib-1.2.6 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6 $ make && make install
接着安装 R-3.6.0:
$ cd ../R-3.6.0 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/include" 报错: checking for zlib.h... yes checking if zlib version >= 1.2.5... yes checking whether zlib support suffices... yes checking mmap support for zlib... yes checking for BZ2_bzlibVersion in -lbz2... yes checking bzlib.h usability... yes checking bzlib.h presence... yes checking for bzlib.h... yes checking if bzip2 version >= 1.0.6... no checking whether bzip2 support suffices... configure: error: bzip2 library and headers are required ## zlib 版本已经符合要求,bzip2 版本要求 >= 1.0.6
根据《R Installation and Administration: A.1 Essential programs and libraries》官方文档, libbz2 (version 1.0.6 or later: called bzip2-libs/bzip2-devel or libbz2-1.0/libbz2-dev by some Linux distributions),至少需要 1.0.6 及以上版本.
$ wget http://www.bzip.org/1.0.6/bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz $ tar zvxf bzip2-1.0.6.tar.gz $ cd bzip2-1.0.6 $ make -f Makefile-libbz2_so $ make clean $ make $ make install PREFIX=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6
重新安装 R-3.6.0:
$ cd ../R-3.6.0 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/lib -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/include -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/include" 报错: checking if bzip2 version >= 1.0.6... yes checking whether bzip2 support suffices... yes checking for lzma_version_number in -llzma... yes checking lzma.h usability... yes checking lzma.h presence... yes checking for lzma.h... yes checking if lzma version >= 5.0.3... yes checking for pcre_fullinfo in -lpcre... no checking whether PCRE support suffices... configure: error: pcre >= 8.10 library and headers are required ## 要求 pcre >= 8.10 (同时要求 pcre < 10.0, 否则再次安装 R-3.6.0 时报错) # 安装 pcre-8.12,configure 编译 R-3.6.0 时报错: checking for pcre/pcre.h... no checking if PCRE version >= 8.10, < 10.0 and has UTF-8 support... no checking whether PCRE support suffices... configure: error: pcre >= 8.10 library and headers are required # PCRE 安装需要 --enable-utf8,同时版本 >= 8.10 且 < 10.0
在《R Installation and Administration: A.1 Essential programs and libraries》官方文档中要求, PCRE 版本最好在 8.32 及以上.
Either PCRE1 (version 8.32 or later, formerly known as just PCRE) or PCRE2 is required: PCRE2 is preferred and using PCRE1 requires configure option --with-pcre1. Only the 8-bit library and headers are needed if these are packaged separately. JIT support (optional) is desirable for the best performance. For PCRE2 >= 10.30 (which is desirable as matching has been re-written not to use recursion and the Unicode tables were updated to version 10).
# 源码安装 PCRE1 $ wget https://ftp.pcre.org/pub/pcre/pcre-8.40.tar.gz --no-check-certificate $ tar zvxf pcre-8.40.tar.gz $ cd pcre-8.40 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/pcre-8.40 --enable-utf8 $ make -j3 && make install # root 安装 PCRE1 yum install pcre pcre-devel # 源码的方式安装 PCRE2,这里不介绍,跟源码安装 PCRE1 原理是一样的,自己去谷歌就好 # root 安装 PCRE2 yum install pcre2 pcre2-devel
注意:
--with-pcre1
参数;或者安装 PCRE2!
重新安装 R-3.6.0:
$ cd ../R-3.6.0 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/lib -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/pcre-8.40/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/include -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/include -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/pcre-8.40/include" 报错: checking curl/curl.h usability... yes checking curl/curl.h presence... yes checking for curl/curl.h... yes checking if libcurl is version 7 and >= 7.28.0... no configure: error: libcurl >= 7.28.0 library and headers are required with support for https # 需要安装 curl >= 7.28.0
在《R Installation and Administration: A.1 Essential programs and libraries》要求, libcurl 大于或等于 7.22.0 版本。Library libcurl (version 7.22.0 or later) is required, with at least 7.28.0 being desirable.
$ wget https://curl.haxx.se/download/curl-7.64.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate $ tar zvxf curl-7.64.1.tar.gz $ cd curl-7.64.1 ## 不指定证书 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/curl-7.64.1 ## 指定证书(推荐) $ wget https://curl.haxx.se/ca/cacert.pem -O /Bioinfo/SoftWare/certs/ca-bundle.crt --no-check-certificate $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/curl-7.64.1 --with-ca-bundle=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/certs/ca-bundle.crt $ make $ make install
如果你有管理员的权限,你也可以使用 root 的方法直接安装 libcurl:
# CentOS 7.6 自带的 libcurl 最新版本应该是 7.29.0-59.el7_9.1 yum install libcurl libcurl-devel
注意:
--with-ca-bundle
指定证书来解决。R 语言关于 SSL 证书异常处理笔记
重新安装 R-3.6.0:
$ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 --enable-R-shlib LDFLAGS="-L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/lib -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/lib -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/pcre-8.40/lib -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/curl-7.64.1/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/include -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/include -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/pcre-8.40/include -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/curl-7.64.1/include" $ make 报错: /Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/lib/libbz2.a: could not read symbols: Bad value collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[3]: *** [libR.so] Error 1 make[3]: Leaving directory `/home/shenweiyan/inst/R-3.6.0/src/main' make[2]: *** [R] Error 2 make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/shenweiyan/inst/R-3.6.0/src/main' make[1]: *** [R] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/shenweiyan/inst/R-3.6.0/src' make: *** [R] Error 1 # 需要使用64位元的方法重新编译 bzip2
重装 bzip2-1.0.6, 如下所示, 首先修改 bzip2-1.0.6 的 Makefile 文件:
CC=gcc -fPIC AR=ar RANLIB=ranlib LDFLAGS= BIGFILES=-D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
然后, 重新编译 bzip2-1.0.6:
$ make clean $ make $ make install PREFIX=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6
在编译过程中发现: "configure: error: "liblzma library and headers are required", 需要安装 xz, 对应主页: https://tukaani.org/xz/, 安装如下:
$ wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/lzmautils/xz-5.2.3.tar.gz $ tar zvxf xz-5.2.3.tar.gz $ cd xz-5.2.3/ $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/xz-5.2.3 $ make -j3 $ make install
R shell 中使用 capabilities() 可以查看 R 已经编译支持的功能, 对于画图可以增加下面几个参数, 使 R 支持对应格式的图片保存, 与此同时要确保对应库已经安装.
--with-cairo use cairo (and pango) if available [yes] --with-libpng use libpng library (if available) [yes] --with-jpeglib use jpeglib library (if available) [yes] --with-libtiff use libtiff library (if available) [yes]
以 tiff 为例, 需要安装 libtiff 库:
The bitmapped graphics devices jpeg(), png() and tiff() need the appropriate headers and libraries installed: jpeg (version 6b or later, or libjpeg-turbo) or libpng (version 1.2.7 or later) and zlib or libtiff(versions 4.0.[5-10] have been tested) respectively.
$ wget ftp://download.osgeo.org/libtiff/tiff-4.0.9.zip $ unzip tiff-4.0.9.zip $ cd tiff-4.0.9 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9 $ make $ make install
如果你有管理员权限,你也可以直接使用 root 直接安装 libtiff:
# CentOS 7.6 自带的 libcurl 最新版本应该是 4.0.3-35.el7 yum install libtiff libtiff-devel
然后重新编译 R-3.6.0:
$ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 --enable-R-shlib --with-libtiff LDFLAGS="-L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9/include"
如果 tiff 无法使用, 可以考虑在 ~/.bashrc 中添加 libtiff 库路径, 然后重新再编译 R .
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
R 安装完以后, 使用 plot 进行画图, 如果出现如下错误:
> plot(1:0) Error in (function (display = "", width, height, pointsize, gamma, bg, : X11 module cannot be loaded In addition: Warning message: In (function (display = "", width, height, pointsize, gamma, bg, : unable to load shared object '/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/modules//R_X11.so': libjpeg.so.9: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory > quit() Save workspace image? [y/n/c]: n
使用 ldd 命令如果看到 libjpeg.so.9、libpng16.so.16 not found,则可以考虑手动安装这两个包:
$ /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/bin/R CMD ldd /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/modules//R_X11.so linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fff3c79b000) libtiff.so.5 => /Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9/lib/libtiff.so.5 (0x00007f75369dc000) libjpeg.so.9 => not found libpng16.so.16 => not found libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libpangocairo-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f75367ba000) libpango-1.0.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libpango-1.0.so.0 (0x00007f753656e000) libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /lib64/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f7536322000) ......
libjpeg.so.9, libpng16.so.16 安装步骤如下:
$ wget http://www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v9c.tar.gz $ tar zvxf jpegsrc.v9c.tar.gz $ cd jpeg-9c $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/jpeg-9c $ make $ make install $ wget https://download.sourceforge.net/libpng/libpng-1.6.37.tar.gz $ tar zvxf libpng-1.6.37.tar.gz $ cd libpng-1.6.37 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/libpng-1.6.37 $ make $ make install
如果使用了自定义安装的 gcc/c++ 进行编译, 需要在 configure 时候使用 CC/CXX 进行指定, 否则使用系统默认的 gcc/c++,由于 CentOS-6.5 默认的 gcc==4.4.7, 该版本的 gcc 会导致 R>=3.5.0 编译出现各种错误,非 root 用户手动升级 gcc 可以参考:
非 root 用户手动编译安装 GCC
最后,CentOS 下 R 源码安装的完整 configure 命令如下(同样适用于 Ubuntu/Debian):
# 粘贴到命令行时,请把 \ 去掉,连成一行命令再回车执行 $ ./configure --prefix=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 \ CC=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/gcc-4.8.5/bin/gcc \ CXX=/Bioinfo/SoftWare/gcc-4.8.5/bin/c++ \ --enable-R-shlib --with-libtiff --with-libpng --with-jpeglib \ --with-x --with-cairo --with-pcre1\ LDFLAGS="-L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/lib \ -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/lib \ -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/pcre-8.40/lib \ -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/curl-7.64.1/lib \ -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9/lib \ -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/jpeg-9c/lib \ -L/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/libpng-1.6.37/lib" \ CPPFLAGS="-I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/zlib-1.2.6/include \ -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/bzip2-1.0.6/include \ -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/pcre-8.40/include \ -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/curl-7.64.1/include \ -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/tiff-4.0.9/include \ -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/jpeg-9c/include \ -I/Bioinfo/SoftWare/NewLibs/libpng-1.6.37/include" # configure 的所有配置信息,都会保存在 ./Makeconf 文件中 checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu checking host system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu loading site script './config.site' ...... config.status: executing libtool commands config.status: executing stamp-h commands R is now configured for x86_64-pc-linux-gnu Source directory: . Installation directory: /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0 C compiler: gcc -std=gnu99 -g -O2 Fortran fixed-form compiler: gfortran -g -O2 Default C++ compiler: g++ -std=gnu++11 -g -O2 C++14 compiler: C++17 compiler: C++20 compiler: Fortran free-form compiler: gfortran -g -O2 Obj-C compiler: Interfaces supported: X11, tcltk External libraries: pcre2, readline, curl Additional capabilities: PNG, JPEG, TIFF, NLS, cairo, ICU Options enabled: shared R library, shared BLAS, R profiling Capabilities skipped: Options not enabled: memory profiling Recommended packages: yes configure: WARNING: you cannot build info or HTML versions of the R manuals configure: WARNING: neither inconsolata.sty nor zi4.sty found: PDF vignettes and package manuals will not be rendered optimally
注意:
--with-x
,--with-cairo
是开启 X11 图形化的参数,应该增加一下。--with-pcre1
参数,或者直接使用 PCRE2。最后,使用 make 和 make install 完成安装。
$ make $ make install
最后, 把安装完成的 R 添加至环境变量:
export R_HOME=path-to-R export R_LIBS=$R_HOME/lib64/R/library export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$R_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH export PATH=$R_HOME/bin:$PATH
$ python Python 2.7.14 (default, Mar 9 2018, 08:39:17) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-16)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import rpy2 >>> import rpy2.robjects as robjects Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘stats’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...): unable to load shared object '/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so': libRlapack.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory During startup - Warning message: package ‘stats’ in options("defaultPackages") was not found >>> robjects.r('library(splines)') Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘splines’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...): unable to load shared object '/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so': libRlapack.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Traceback (most recent call last): File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module> File "/Bioinfo/SoftWare/Python-2.7.14/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/__init__.py", line 269, in __call__ res = self.eval(p) File "/Bioinfo/SoftWare/Python-2.7.14/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/functions.py", line 170, in __call__ return super(SignatureTranslatedFunction, self).__call__(*args, **kwargs) File "/Bioinfo/SoftWare/Python-2.7.14/lib/python2.7/site-packages/rpy2/robjects/functions.py", line 100, in __call__ res = super(Function, self).__call__(*new_args, **new_kwargs) rpy2.rinterface.RRuntimeError: Error: package or namespace load failed for ‘splines’ in dyn.load(file, DLLpath = DLLpath, ...): unable to load shared object '/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so': libRlapack.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
$ ldd /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007fffd65ba000) libRlapack.so => not found libRblas.so => not found libgfortran.so.3 => /lib64/libgfortran.so.3 (0x00007fed38cbb000) libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007fed389b9000) libquadmath.so.0 => /lib64/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007fed3877c000) libR.so => not found libgomp.so.1 => /lib64/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007fed38556000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fed38339000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007fed37f76000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fed37d60000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00005561aa2c3000)
解决方法:
$ export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="/Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH" $ ldd /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.5.0/lib64/R/library/stats/libs/stats.so linux-vdso.so.1 => (0x00007ffd0f3af000) libRlapack.so => /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/lib/libRlapack.so (0x00007f6509c47000) libRblas.so => /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/lib/libRblas.so (0x00007f6509a19000) libgfortran.so.3 => /lib64/libgfortran.so.3 (0x00007f65096ee000) libm.so.6 => /lib64/libm.so.6 (0x00007f65093ec000) libquadmath.so.0 => /lib64/libquadmath.so.0 (0x00007f65091af000) libR.so => /Bioinfo/SoftWare/R-3.6.0/lib64/R/lib/libR.so (0x00007f6508b81000) libgomp.so.1 => /lib64/libgomp.so.1 (0x00007f650895b000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib64/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f650873e000) libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f650837b000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib64/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007f6508165000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x000055583c2da000) libreadline.so.6 => /lib64/libreadline.so.6 (0x00007f6507f1e000) libpcre.so.1 => /lib64/libpcre.so.1 (0x00007f6507cbc000) liblzma.so.5 => /lib64/liblzma.so.5 (0x00007f6507a96000) libbz2.so.1 => /lib64/libbz2.so.1 (0x00007f6507885000) libz.so.1 => /lib64/libz.so.1 (0x00007f650766f000) librt.so.1 => /lib64/librt.so.1 (0x00007f6507467000) libdl.so.2 => /lib64/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f6507262000) libtinfo.so.5 => /lib64/libtinfo.so.5 (0x00007f6507038000)
以上就是普通用户源码编译安装最新版本 R 的全部内容, 总的一句话就是缺什么安装什么, 从最基本的 gcc 编译器开始到 R 所需要的各种依赖库,直至最终安装完成.。