五月一眨眼就过去,就当凑个数吧。
场景:
一个小小的项目,需要一个后台,就展示几个列表,连用户表、角色表等都不需要设计。
之前有写过identityserver4和jwt4的demo
(exercisebook/IdentityServer4&Serilog at main · liuzhixin405/exercisebook · GitHub
exercisebook/授权/授权一/JwtToken at main · liuzhixin405/exercisebook · GitHub),
但是这样一个项目中上这些肯定是大材小用。
微软提供的还有一个就是cookie,既然够简单,那么什么也不用设计,尽量做到最简单,而且后期还可以通过表设计来完善这个的后台登录模块。
首先我们要实现的就是接口代码的授权:
[Authorize] [ApiController] [Route("[controller]")] public class WeatherForecastController : ControllerBase { private static readonly string[] Summaries = new[] { "Freezing", "Bracing", "Chilly", "Cool", "Mild", "Warm", "Balmy", "Hot", "Sweltering", "Scorching" }; private readonly ILogger<WeatherForecastController> _logger; public WeatherForecastController(ILogger<WeatherForecastController> logger) { _logger = logger; } [Authorize(Roles = "Admin")] // 要求"Admin"角色的授权 [HttpGet(Name = "GetWeatherForecast")] public IEnumerable<WeatherForecast> Get() { return Enumerable.Range(1, 5).Select(index => new WeatherForecast { Date = DateOnly.FromDateTime(DateTime.Now.AddDays(index)), TemperatureC = Random.Shared.Next(-20, 55), Summary = Summaries[Random.Shared.Next(Summaries.Length)] }) .ToArray(); } }
上面的特性使得WeatherForecastController接口需要权限才能访问,而GetWeatherForecast接口需要Admin角色就可以访问。
下面就通过program来配置及安全中心和授权策略:
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies; namespace auth_cookie { /// <summary> /// 一个简单的Cookie身份验证和授权示例 /// </summary> public class Program { public static void Main(string[] args) { var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args); // Add services to the container. builder.Services.AddControllers(); // 配置Cookie身份验证 builder.Services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme) .AddCookie(options => { options.Cookie.Name = "YourAuthCookie"; // 设置Cookie的名称 options.LoginPath = "/api/Auth/Login"; // 设置登录路径 }); // 配置授权服务 builder.Services.AddAuthorization(options => { options.AddPolicy("RequireAdminRole", policy => policy.RequireRole("Admin")); }); // Learn more about configuring Swagger/OpenAPI at https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/swashbuckle builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer(); builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(); var app = builder.Build(); // Configure the HTTP request pipeline. if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment()) { app.UseSwagger(); app.UseSwaggerUI(); } app.UseHttpsRedirection(); app.UseAuthentication(); // 启用身份验证 app.UseAuthorization(); // 启用授权 app.MapControllers(); app.Run(); } } }
上面的代码够简单的吧,核心代码也就这几行。指定默认的scheme为cookie,写好注释。指定策略RequireAdminRole,要求角色Admin,都可以很灵活的多配置,通过数据库,配置文件等。
// 配置Cookie身份验证 builder.Services.AddAuthentication(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme) .AddCookie(options => { options.Cookie.Name = "YourAuthCookie"; // 设置Cookie的名称 options.LoginPath = "/api/Auth/Login"; // 设置登录路径 }); // 配置授权服务 builder.Services.AddAuthorization(options => { options.AddPolicy("RequireAdminRole", policy => policy.RequireRole("Admin")); });
这样不算晚,还需要一个登录和登出的授权的接口,而且接口路径写好了,/api/Auth/Login
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication.Cookies; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Authentication; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http; using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Mvc; using System.Security.Claims; namespace auth_cookie.Controllers { [Route("api/[controller]")] [ApiController] public class AuthController : ControllerBase { //[HttpPost("login")] [HttpGet("login")] //方便测试 public async Task<IActionResult> Login(string username, string password) { // 执行验证用户名和密码的逻辑 //这里可以和存到数据库的用户和密码进行比对 if(username != "admin" && password != "123456") { return BadRequest("Invalid username or password"); } // 如果验证成功,创建身份验证Cookie var claims = new List<Claim> { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, username), new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "Admin") // 添加用户角色 }; var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity( claims, CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme); await HttpContext.SignInAsync( CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme, new ClaimsPrincipal(claimsIdentity), new AuthenticationProperties()); return Ok("Login successful"); } //[HttpPost("logout")] [HttpGet("logout")] public async Task<IActionResult> Logout() { await HttpContext.SignOutAsync(CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme); return Ok("Logout successful"); } } }
上面的核心代码根据我们配置的做的设置,一一对应,要不然就无权访问WeatherForecastController了:
var claims = new List<Claim> { new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name, username), new Claim(ClaimTypes.Role, "Admin") // 添加用户角色 }; var claimsIdentity = new ClaimsIdentity( claims, CookieAuthenticationDefaults.AuthenticationScheme);
下面看看效果,访问 :https://localhost:7066/WeatherForecast,会自动跳转到https://localhost:7066/api/Auth/Login?ReturnUrl=%2FWeatherForecast
我们指定一下用户名和密码 https://localhost:7066/api/Auth/Login?username=admin&password=123456ReturnUrl=%2FWeatherForecast
再来访问 https://localhost:7066/WeatherForecast
退出登录,https://localhost:7066/api/auth/logout
再来访问
https://localhost:7066/WeatherForecast
配合前端的后台管理,一个很简单的后台登陆就这样ok了。
源代码:
exercisebook/授权/授权三/auth_cookie at main · liuzhixin405/exercisebook · GitHub