网页很多时候是动态的,于是本篇文章目标实现一个简答的动态页面—页静态页面互相跳转,点击可以跳转到子页面。
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1bbhcu1XTiaJRYGRQRG5a0g?pwd=1234
上一篇的“Hello World”应用程序确实输出了简单的纯文本。但网络的语言是HTML。因此,让看看如何生成HTML。将输出当前时间,并显示列表对象中的一些数据。
与第一个HelloWorldController类似,创建另一个名为ListDataController的新类。
#ifndef LISTDATACONTROLLER_H #define LISTDATACONTROLLER_H #include <QList> #include <QString> #include "httprequesthandler.h" using namespace stefanfrings; class ListDataController: public HttpRequestHandler { Q_OBJECT public: ListDataController(QObject* parent=0); void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response); private: QList<QString> list; }; #endif // LISTDATACONTROLLER_H
#include <QTime> #include "listdatacontroller.h" ListDataController::ListDataController(QObject* parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { list.append("Robert"); list.append("Lisa"); list.append("Hannah"); list.append("Ludwig"); list.append("Miranda"); list.append("Francesco"); list.append("Kim"); list.append("Jacko"); } void ListDataController::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response) { response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=UTF-8"); response.write("<html><body>"); response.write("The time is "); QString now=QTime::currentTime().toString("HH:mm:ss"); response.write(now.toUtf8()); response.write("<p>List of names:"); response.write("<table border='1' cellspacing='0'>"); for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++) { QString number=QString::number(i); QString name=list.at(i); response.write("<tr><td>"); response.write(number.toUtf8()); response.write("</td><td>"); response.write(name.toUtf8()); response.write("</td></tr>"); } response.write("</table>"); response.write("</body></header>",true); }
构造函数用一些名称填充列表。该服务方法输出一个具有当前时间的HTML文档和一个显示列表对象内容的表。
请注意,在编写文档之前设置了一个HTTP响应头,它告诉浏览器使用的文件格式(请参阅Internet Media Types)和字符编码。
用新的控制器替换main.cpp中的控制器:
#include "listdatacontroller.h" new HttpListener(listenerSettings,new ListDataController(&app),&app);
运行并测试应用程序。输出应该是这样的:
现在在应用程序中有两个不同的控制器类,但一次只能使用一个。现在创建一个“RequestMapper”类,它将在两个控制器之间切换。和以前一样,新类再次从HttpRequestHandler继承。
#ifndef REQUESTMAPPER_H #define REQUESTMAPPER_H #include "httprequesthandler.h" using namespace stefanfrings; class RequestMapper : public HttpRequestHandler { Q_OBJECT public: RequestMapper(QObject* parent=0); void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response); }; #endif // REQUESTMAPPER_H
#include "requestmapper.h" #include "helloworldcontroller.h" #include "listdatacontroller.h" RequestMapper::RequestMapper(QObject* parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { // empty } void RequestMapper::service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response) { QByteArray path=request.getPath(); qDebug("RequestMapper: path=%s",path.data()); if (path=="/" || path=="/hello") { HelloWorldController().service(request, response); } else if (path=="/list") { ListDataController().service(request, response); } else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); response.write("The URL is wrong, no such document.",true); } qDebug("RequestMapper: finished request"); }
用新的请求映射程序替换main.cpp中的旧控制器:
#include "requestmapper.h" new HttpListener(listenerSettings,new RequestMapper(&app),&app);
请求映射器根据请求的路径调用两个控制器中的一个。所以
例如,如果试图打开任何错误的URLhttp://localhost:8080/lalala,然后会收到错误消息“URL错误…”以及状态代码404,这是“未找到”的技术值。一些程序使用它来处理错误。如果没有设置状态代码,那么将使用默认的200,这意味着“成功”。请参阅维基百科中的HTTP状态代码列表。
如果多个并发HTTP请求同时传入,那么service()方法将并行执行多次。所以这个方法是多线程的。当访问在service()方法外部声明的变量时,必须考虑这一点。
请求映射器是“singleton”或处于“application scope”,因为它只有一个实例。
两个控制器类(HelloWorldController和ListDataController)位于“请求范围”中,这意味着每个请求都由该类的新实例处理。这会降低一些性能,但会稍微简化编程。
一个小的修改将两个控制器类的范围更改为“应用程序范围”。(PS:这个就是每次运行的时候,不是去新new)
#ifndef REQUESTMAPPER_H #define REQUESTMAPPER_H #include "httprequesthandler.h" #include "helloworldcontroller.h" #include "listdatacontroller.h" using namespace stefanfrings; class RequestMapper : public HttpRequestHandler { Q_OBJECT public: RequestMapper(QObject* parent=0); void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response); private: HelloWorldController helloWorldController; ListDataController listDataController; }; #endif // REQUESTMAPPER_H
#include "requestmapper.h" RequestMapper::RequestMapper(QObject* parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { // empty } void RequestMapper::service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response) { QByteArray path=request.getPath(); qDebug("RequestMapper: path=%s",path.data()); if (path=="/" || path=="/hello") { helloWorldController.service(request, response); } else if (path=="/list") { listDataController.service(request, response); } else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); response.write("The URL is wrong, no such document."); } qDebug("RequestMapper: finished request"); }
现在,每个请求都只重新使用一个HelloWorldController或ListDataController实例。在启动期间只创建一次,因为HttpRequestMapper也只存在一次。
使用会话后,还可以为每个会话创建控制器实例,并将它们存储在会话存储中。然后就有了一个“会话范围”。会话将在后面进行解释。
按照上面得,实际上就是刚开始出一个列表,/和/hello会出现helloworld,而/list则会返回list列表,这是直接通过url后得子网页来切换(PS:并不是通过点击主页面来切换,这个后面会解说到)。
其实这个对于做网页得很简单,就是一个点击超连接,只是跳转到内部,使用<a>来实现的。
准备之前的demo模板:
copy原来的helloworld改成index(PS:不管又不有index,直接网站也是跳入index.html页面)。
修改完类相关信息。
// 启动http的监听 { if(!_pHttpListenerSettings) { _pHttpListenerSettings = new QSettings(httpServerPath, QSettings::IniFormat); } _pHttpListenerSettings->beginGroup("listener"); // _pHttpListener = new HttpListener(_pHttpListenerSettings, new HelloWorldRequestHandler); _pHttpListener = new HttpListener(_pHttpListenerSettings, new IndexRequestHandler); }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>长沙红胖子Qt</title> </head> <body> <p>好, 长沙红胖子 QQ:21497936 www.hpzwl.com"</p> <p><a href="helloworld">Hello world!</a></p> <p><a href="list">list</a></p> </body>
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>长沙红胖子Qt</title> </head> <body> <a href="javascript:history.back(-1);">返回上一页</a> <table border="2"> <tr> <td>row 1, cell 1</td> <td>row 1, cell 2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>row 2, cell 1</td> <td>row 2, cell 2</td> </tr> </table> </body>
这里有个乱码问题,请查看“入坑一”:
void IndexRequestHandler::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response) { QString str; QString path = request.getPath(); LOG << path; if(path == "/" || path == "/index") { str += "<!DOCTYPE html>" "<html lang=\"en\">" "<head>" "<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">" "<meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=edge\">" "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">" "<title>长沙红胖子Qt</title>" "</head>" "<body>" " <p>好, 长沙红胖子 QQ:21497936 www.hpzwl.com</p>" " <p><a href=\"helloworld\">Hello world!</a></p>" " <p><a href=\"list\">list</a></p>" "</body>"; }else if(path == "/helloworld") { helloWorldRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else if(path == "/list") { listRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); str = "The URL is wrong, no such document."; } // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码) // QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray); }
修改好宏类名,然后嵌入list.html页面:
void ListRequestHandler::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response) { QString str; LOG << request.getPath(); str = "<!DOCTYPE html>" "<html lang=\"en\">" "<head>" "<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">" "<meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=edge\">" "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">" "<title>长沙红胖子Qt</title>" "</head>" "<body>" "<a href=\"javascript:history.back(-1);\">返回上一页</a>" "<table border=\"2\">" " <tr>" " <td>row 1, cell 1</td>" " <td>row 1, cell 2</td>" " </tr>" " <tr>" " <td>row 2, cell 1</td>" " <td>row 2, cell 2</td>" " </tr>" " </table>" "</body>"; // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码) // QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray); }
#ifndef INDEXREQUESTHANDLER_H #define INDEXREQUESTHANDLER_H #include "httprequesthandler.h" #include "HelloWorldRequestHandler.h" #include "ListRequestHandler.h" using namespace stefanfrings; class IndexRequestHandler : public HttpRequestHandler { public: IndexRequestHandler(QObject *parent = 0); public: void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response); private: QTextCodec *_pTextCodec; private: HelloWorldRequestHandler helloWorldRequestHandler; // hellowold消息处理 ListRequestHandler listRequestHandler; // list消息处理 }; #endif // INDEXREQUESTHANDLER_H
#include "IndexRequestHandler.h" #include "ListRequestHandler.h" #include <QTextCodec> #include <QDebug> #include <QDateTime> //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__ //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<__FUNCTION__ //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QThread()::currentThread() //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd") #define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss:zzz") using namespace stefanfrings; IndexRequestHandler::IndexRequestHandler(QObject *parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码) // WINDOWS: GBK GB2312 // LINUX : urf-8 // _pTextCodec = QTextCodec::codecForName("utf-8"); _pTextCodec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK"); } void IndexRequestHandler::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response) { QString str; QString path = request.getPath(); LOG << path; if(path == "/" || path == "/index") { str += "<!DOCTYPE html>" "<html lang=\"en\">" "<head>" "<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">" "<meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=edge\">" "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">" "<title>长沙红胖子Qt</title>" "</head>" "<body>" " <p>好, 长沙红胖子 QQ:21497936 www.hpzwl.com</p>" " <p><a href=\"helloworld\">Hello world!</a></p>" " <p><a href=\"list\">list</a></p>" "</body>"; }else if(path == "/helloworld") { helloWorldRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else if(path == "/list") { listRequestHandler.service(request, response); return; }else { response.setStatus(404,"Not found"); str = "The URL is wrong, no such document."; } // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码) // QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray); }
#ifndef LISTREQUESTHANDLER_H #define LISTREQUESTHANDLER_H #include "httprequesthandler.h" using namespace stefanfrings; class ListRequestHandler : public HttpRequestHandler { public: ListRequestHandler(QObject *parent = 0); public: void service(HttpRequest& request, HttpResponse& response); private: QTextCodec *_pTextCodec; }; #endif // LISTREQUESTHANDLER_H
#include "ListRequestHandler.h" #include <QTextCodec> #include <QDebug> #include <QDateTime> //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__ //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<__FUNCTION__ //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QThread()::currentThread() //#define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd") #define LOG qDebug()<<__FILE__<<__LINE__<<QDateTime::currentDateTime().toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss:zzz") using namespace stefanfrings; ListRequestHandler::ListRequestHandler(QObject *parent) : HttpRequestHandler(parent) { // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码) // WINDOWS: GBK GB2312 // LINUX : urf-8 // _pTextCodec = QTextCodec::codecForName("utf-8"); _pTextCodec = QTextCodec::codecForName("GBK"); } void ListRequestHandler::service(HttpRequest &request, HttpResponse &response) { QString str; LOG << request.getPath(); str = "<!DOCTYPE html>" "<html lang=\"en\">" "<head>" "<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">" "<meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=edge\">" "<meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">" "<title>长沙红胖子Qt</title>" "</head>" "<body>" "<a href=\"javascript:history.back(-1);\">返回上一页</a>" "<table border=\"2\">" " <tr>" " <td>row 1, cell 1</td>" " <td>row 1, cell 2</td>" " </tr>" " <tr>" " <td>row 2, cell 1</td>" " <td>row 2, cell 2</td>" " </tr>" " </table>" "</body>"; // 返回文本(需要在浏览器上看,所以将Qt内部编码都转成GBK输出即可,不管他本身是哪个编码) // QByteArray byteArray = _pTextCodec->fromUnicode(str); QByteArray byteArray = str.toUtf8(); response.write(byteArray); }
乱码
之前的网页没有编码,直接转换的,新建的页面有编码,标识了utf-8,所以无需转码gbk了。
当表示好页面的编码未utf-8之后,则无需字符转换编码。