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Ubuntu软件管理工具

本文主要是介绍Ubuntu软件管理工具,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

dpkg 包管理器

  • 语法格式

    dpkg [option] [package]
    
  • 常见用法

    #安装包,不支持包的依赖
    dpkg -i package.deb
    #删除包,不建议,不自动卸载依赖于它的包
    dpkg -r package
    #删除包(包括配置文件)
    dpkg -P package
    #列出当前已安装的包,类似rpm -qa
    dpkg -l
    #显示该包的简要说明
    dpkg -l package
    #列出该包的状态,包括详细信息,类似rpm –qi
    dpkg -s package
    #列出该包中所包含的文件,类似rpm –ql
    dpkg -L package
    #搜索包含pattern的包,类似rpm –qf
    dpkg -S <pattern>
    #配置包,-a 使用,配置所有没有配置的软件包
    dpkg --configure package
    #列出 deb 包的内容,类似rpm –qpl
    dpkg -c package.deb
    #解开 deb 包的内容
    dpkg --unpack package.deb
    
  • 范例

    #列出系统上安装的所有软件包
    dpkg -l
    #列出软件包安装的文件
    dpkg -L bash
    #查看/bin/bash来自于哪个软件包
    dpkg -S /bin/bash
    #安装本地的 .deb 文件
    dpkg -i /mnt/cdrom/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11build1_amd64.deb
    #卸载软件包
    dpkg -r zip
    
  • 注意:

    一般建议不要使用dpkg卸载软件包。因为删除包时,其它依赖它的包不会卸载,并且可能无法再正常运行

apt工具集来管理包系统

  • apt与apt-get命令对比

    apt 命令 被取代的命令 命令的功能
    apt install apt-get install 安装软件包
    apt remove apt-get remove 移除软件包
    apt purge apt-get purge 移除软件包及配置文件
    apt update apt-get update 刷新存储库索引
    apt upgrade apt-get upgrade 升级所有可升级的软件包
    apt autoremove apt-get autoremove 升级所有可升级的软件包
    apt full-upgrade apt-get dist-upgrade 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系
    apt search apt-get search 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系
    apt show apt-cache show 搜索应用程序
  • apt 特有的命令

    apt list 列出包含条件的包(已安装,可升级等)
    apt edit-sources 编辑源列表
    
  • apt包索引配置文件

    /etc/apt/sources.list
    /etc/apt/sources.list.d
    
  • 常用国内镜像源版本

    #本节均为 Ubuntu 20.04 的镜像源列表。若为其他版本,将所有focal更改为其他版本代号即可。
    常用的Ubuntu版本代号如下:
    Ubuntu 22.04:jammy
    Ubuntu 20.04:focal
    Ubuntu 18.04:bionic
    Ubuntu 16.04:xenial
    
  • 配置apt包索引文件

    • 阿里云源:ubuntu 16.04 配置如下

      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main
      
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main
      
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
      
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
      
    • 阿里云源:ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下

      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
      
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
      
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
      
      # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
      
      deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
      deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
      
      
    • 阿里云源:ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下

    deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    
    # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    
    deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    • 清华源:Ubuntu20.04

      deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
      deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
      deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
      deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
      
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
      
      ## Pre-released source, not recommended.
      # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
      # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
      
    • 网易163:Ubuntu20.04

    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
    
    ## Pre-released source, not recommended.
    # deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
    
    
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