语法格式
dpkg [option] [package]
常见用法
#安装包,不支持包的依赖 dpkg -i package.deb #删除包,不建议,不自动卸载依赖于它的包 dpkg -r package #删除包(包括配置文件) dpkg -P package #列出当前已安装的包,类似rpm -qa dpkg -l #显示该包的简要说明 dpkg -l package #列出该包的状态,包括详细信息,类似rpm –qi dpkg -s package #列出该包中所包含的文件,类似rpm –ql dpkg -L package #搜索包含pattern的包,类似rpm –qf dpkg -S <pattern> #配置包,-a 使用,配置所有没有配置的软件包 dpkg --configure package #列出 deb 包的内容,类似rpm –qpl dpkg -c package.deb #解开 deb 包的内容 dpkg --unpack package.deb
范例
#列出系统上安装的所有软件包 dpkg -l #列出软件包安装的文件 dpkg -L bash #查看/bin/bash来自于哪个软件包 dpkg -S /bin/bash #安装本地的 .deb 文件 dpkg -i /mnt/cdrom/pool/main/z/zip/zip_3.0-11build1_amd64.deb #卸载软件包 dpkg -r zip
注意:
一般建议不要使用dpkg卸载软件包。因为删除包时,其它依赖它的包不会卸载,并且可能无法再正常运行
apt与apt-get命令对比
apt 命令 | 被取代的命令 | 命令的功能 |
---|---|---|
apt install | apt-get install | 安装软件包 |
apt remove | apt-get remove | 移除软件包 |
apt purge | apt-get purge | 移除软件包及配置文件 |
apt update | apt-get update | 刷新存储库索引 |
apt upgrade | apt-get upgrade | 升级所有可升级的软件包 |
apt autoremove | apt-get autoremove | 升级所有可升级的软件包 |
apt full-upgrade | apt-get dist-upgrade | 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系 |
apt search | apt-get search | 在升级软件包时自动处理依赖关系 |
apt show | apt-cache show | 搜索应用程序 |
apt 特有的命令
apt list 列出包含条件的包(已安装,可升级等) apt edit-sources 编辑源列表
apt包索引配置文件
/etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d
常用国内镜像源版本
#本节均为 Ubuntu 20.04 的镜像源列表。若为其他版本,将所有focal更改为其他版本代号即可。 常用的Ubuntu版本代号如下: Ubuntu 22.04:jammy Ubuntu 20.04:focal Ubuntu 18.04:bionic Ubuntu 16.04:xenial
配置apt包索引文件
阿里云源:ubuntu 16.04 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
阿里云源:ubuntu 18.04(bionic) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
阿里云源:ubuntu 20.04(focal) 配置如下
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
清华源:Ubuntu20.04
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse ## Pre-released source, not recommended. # deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
网易163:Ubuntu20.04
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Pre-released source, not recommended. # deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse