MySql教程
基于StatefulSet控制器运行MySQL一主多从
本文主要是介绍基于StatefulSet控制器运行MySQL一主多从，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
1、下载相关镜像并上传到harbor私有仓库
拉取官网镜像 nerdctl pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/hxpdocker/xtrabackup:1.0 nerdctl pull mysql:5.7.36 对镜像tag标签重打，方便推送到自己的harbor私有仓库 nerdctl tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/hxpdocker/xtrabackup:1.0 harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/xtrabackup:1.0 nerdctl tag mysql:5.7.36 harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/mysql:5.7.36 将镜像推送到harbor私有仓库 nerdctl push harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/xtrabackup:1.0 nerdctl push harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/mysql:5.7.39
2、在nfs共享目录创建mysql pv目录
mkdir -pv /nfs_share/k8sdata/magedu/mysql-datadir-{1..6}
3、创建pv
kubectl apply -f mysql-persistentvolume.yaml
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql/pv# cat mysql-persistentvolume.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: mysql-datadir-1
namespace: magedu
spec:
capacity:
storage: 50Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
nfs:
path: /nfs_share/k8sdata/magedu/mysql-datadir-1
server: 172.16.88.169
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: mysql-datadir-2
namespace: magedu
spec:
capacity:
storage: 50Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
nfs:
path: /nfs_share/k8sdata/magedu/mysql-datadir-2
server: 172.16.88.169
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: mysql-datadir-3
namespace: magedu
spec:
capacity:
storage: 50Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
nfs:
path: /nfs_share/k8sdata/magedu/mysql-datadir-3
server: 172.16.88.169
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: mysql-datadir-4
namespace: magedu
spec:
capacity:
storage: 50Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
nfs:
path: /nfs_share/k8sdata/magedu/mysql-datadir-4
server: 172.16.88.169
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: mysql-datadir-5
namespace: magedu
spec:
capacity:
storage: 50Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
nfs:
path: /nfs_share/k8sdata/magedu/mysql-datadir-5
server: 172.16.88.169
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: mysql-datadir-6
namespace: magedu
spec:
capacity:
storage: 50Gi
accessModes:
- ReadWriteOnce
nfs:
path: /nfs_share/k8sdata/magedu/mysql-datadir-6
server: 172.16.88.169
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql/pv#
View Code
4、创建mysql-configmap
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql# cat mysql-configmap.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: mysql
namespace: magedu
labels:
app: mysql
data:
master.cnf: |
# Apply this config only on the master.
[mysqld]
log-bin
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
lower_case_table_names=1
slave.cnf: |
# Apply this config only on slaves.
[mysqld]
super-read-only
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql#
5、创建mysql-service
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql# cat mysql-services.yaml
# Headless service for stable DNS entries of StatefulSet members.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
namespace: magedu
name: mysql
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
ports:
- name: mysql
port: 3306
clusterIP: None
selector:
app: mysql
---
# Client service for connecting to any MySQL instance for reads.
# For writes, you must instead connect to the master: mysql-0.mysql.
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
name: mysql-read
namespace: magedu
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
ports:
- name: mysql
port: 3306
selector:
app: mysql
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql#
6、创建statefulset文件
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql# cat mysql-statefulset.yaml
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: mysql
namespace: magedu
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: mysql
serviceName: mysql
replicas: 3
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: mysql
spec:
initContainers:
- name: init-mysql #初始化容器1、基于当前pod name匹配角色是master还是slave，并动态生成相对应的配置文件
image: harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/mysql:5.7.36
command:
- bash
- "-c"
- |
set -ex
# Generate mysql server-id from pod ordinal index.
[[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1 #匹配hostname的最后一位、最后是一个顺序叠加的整数
ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
echo [mysqld] > /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
# Add an offset to avoid reserved server-id=0 value.
echo server-id=$((100 + $ordinal)) >> /mnt/conf.d/server-id.cnf
# Copy appropriate conf.d files from config-map to emptyDir.
if [[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]]; then #如果是master、则cpmaster配置文件
cp /mnt/config-map/master.cnf /mnt/conf.d/
else #否则cp slave配置文件
cp /mnt/config-map/slave.cnf /mnt/conf.d/
fi
volumeMounts:
- name: conf #临时卷、emptyDir
mountPath: /mnt/conf.d
- name: config-map
mountPath: /mnt/config-map
- name: clone-mysql #初始化容器2、用于生成mysql配置文件、并从上一个pod完成首次的全量数据clone(slave 3从slave2 clone，而不是每个slave都从master clone实现首次全量同步,但是后期都是与master实现增量同步)
image: harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/xtrabackup:1.0
command:
- bash
- "-c"
- |
set -ex
# Skip the clone if data already exists.
[[ -d /var/lib/mysql/mysql ]] && exit 0
# Skip the clone on master (ordinal index 0).
[[ `hostname` =~ -([0-9]+)$ ]] || exit 1
ordinal=${BASH_REMATCH[1]}
[[ $ordinal -eq 0 ]] && exit 0 #如果最后一位是0(master)则退出clone过程
# Clone data from previous peer.
ncat --recv-only mysql-$(($ordinal-1)).mysql 3307 | xbstream -x -C /var/lib/mysql #从上一个pod执行clone(binlog),xbstream为解压缩命令
# Prepare the backup.xue
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/var/lib/mysql #通过xtrabackup恢复binlog
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
subPath: mysql
- name: conf
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
containers:
- name: mysql #业务容器1(mysql主容器)
image: harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/mysql:5.7.36
env:
- name: MYSQL_ALLOW_EMPTY_PASSWORD
value: "1"
ports:
- name: mysql
containerPort: 3306
volumeMounts:
- name: data #挂载数据目录至/var/lib/mysql
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
subPath: mysql
- name: conf #配置文件/etc/mysql/conf.d
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
resources: #资源限制
requests:
cpu: 500m
memory: 1Gi
livenessProbe: #存活探针
exec:
command: ["mysqladmin", "ping"]
initialDelaySeconds: 30
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 5
readinessProbe: #就绪探针
exec:
# Check we can execute queries over TCP (skip-networking is off).
command: ["mysql", "-h", "127.0.0.1", "-e", "SELECT 1"]
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 2
timeoutSeconds: 1
- name: xtrabackup #业务容器2(xtrabackup),用于后期同步master 的binglog并恢复数据
image: harbor.magedu.net/baseimages/xtrabackup:1.0
ports:
- name: xtrabackup
containerPort: 3307
command:
- bash
- "-c"
- |
set -ex
cd /var/lib/mysql
# Determine binlog position of cloned data, if any.
if [[ -f xtrabackup_slave_info ]]; then
# XtraBackup already generated a partial "CHANGE MASTER TO" query
# because we're cloning from an existing slave.
mv xtrabackup_slave_info change_master_to.sql.in
# Ignore xtrabackup_binlog_info in this case (it's useless).
rm -f xtrabackup_binlog_info
elif [[ -f xtrabackup_binlog_info ]]; then
# We're cloning directly from master. Parse binlog position.
[[ `cat xtrabackup_binlog_info` =~ ^(.*?)[[:space:]]+(.*?)$ ]] || exit 1
rm xtrabackup_binlog_info
echo "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='${BASH_REMATCH[1]}',\
MASTER_LOG_POS=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" > change_master_to.sql.in #生成CHANGE MASTER命令
fi
# Check if we need to complete a clone by starting replication.
if [[ -f change_master_to.sql.in ]]; then
echo "Waiting for mysqld to be ready (accepting connections)"
until mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -e "SELECT 1"; do sleep 1; done
echo "Initializing replication from clone position"
# In case of container restart, attempt this at-most-once.
mv change_master_to.sql.in change_master_to.sql.orig
#执行CHANGE MASTER操作并启动SLAVE
mysql -h 127.0.0.1 <<EOF
$(<change_master_to.sql.orig),
MASTER_HOST='mysql-0.mysql',
MASTER_USER='root',
MASTER_PASSWORD='',
MASTER_CONNECT_RETRY=10;
START SLAVE;
EOF
fi
# Start a server to send backups when requested by peers. #监听在3307端口，用于为下一个pod同步全量数据
exec ncat --listen --keep-open --send-only --max-conns=1 3307 -c \
"xtrabackup --backup --slave-info --stream=xbstream --host=127.0.0.1 --user=root"
volumeMounts:
- name: data
mountPath: /var/lib/mysql
subPath: mysql
- name: conf
mountPath: /etc/mysql/conf.d
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 100Mi
volumes:
- name: conf
emptyDir: {}
- name: config-map
configMap:
name: mysql
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: data
spec:
accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
resources:
requests:
storage: 10Gi
root@easzlab-deploy:~/mysql#
7、安装部署前确认保证mysql nfs共享目录下无其他文件
8、查看mysql-0主库状态
root@easzlab-deploy:~# kubectl exec -it mysql-0 -n magedu bash kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead. Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, xtrabackup, init-mysql (init), clone-mysql (init) root@mysql-0:/# mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 427 Server version: 5.7.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show master status; +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-0-bin.000005 | 328 | | | | +--------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
9、查看mysql-1从库状态
root@easzlab-deploy:~# kubectl exec -it mysql-1 -n magedu bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, xtrabackup, init-mysql (init), clone-mysql (init)
root@mysql-1:/# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 614
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-0.mysql
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 10
Master_Log_File: mysql-0-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_File: mysql-1-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 496
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-0-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_Space: 705
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 100
Master_UUID: 18abe35c-2230-11ed-8807-62f8b68c9a0f
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
10、查看mysql-2从库状态
root@easzlab-deploy:~# kubectl exec -it mysql-2 -n magedu bash
kubectl exec [POD] [COMMAND] is DEPRECATED and will be removed in a future version. Use kubectl exec [POD] -- [COMMAND] instead.
Defaulted container "mysql" out of: mysql, xtrabackup, init-mysql (init), clone-mysql (init)
root@mysql-2:/# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 652
Server version: 5.7.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: mysql-0.mysql
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 10
Master_Log_File: mysql-0-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_File: mysql-2-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 496
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-0-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 328
Relay_Log_Space: 705
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 100
Master_UUID: 18abe35c-2230-11ed-8807-62f8b68c9a0f
Master_Info_File: /var/lib/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR:
No query specified
mysql>
11、在主库mysql-0测试创建新的数据是否会同步到mysql-1、mysql-2
12、在mysql-1上检查数据库是否同步
13、在mysql-2上检查数据库是否同步
14、测试删除主库mysql-0，从库数据是否临时断连
15、再次创建新的数据，检查是否会同步
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