MySQL多实例安装部署

1、MySQL多实例概念

多实例就是在一台服务器上同时开启多个不同的数据库服务端口（例如3306、3307），同时运行多个MYSQL服务进程，这些服务进程通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供服务。

优点

MySQL多实例，可以通过多个端口向用户提供服务，充分利用一台服务器的闲置资源

缺点

无论是多少个端口提供服务，但始终使用的是一台服务器的资源，所以当访问量过大时，依然存在高并发的问题

2、mysql 多实例部署

2.1 软件下载

#下载二进制格式的mysql软件包
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.2 配置用户和组并解压二进制程序至/usr/local下

#创建mysql用户和组
[root@localhost src]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost src]# id mysql 
uid=994(mysql) gid=991(mysql) groups=991(mysql)

#解压软件至/usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@localhost src]# ls /usr/local/
bin  games    lib    libexec                              sbin   src
etc  include  lib64  mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64  share

#设置软链接
[root@localhost local]# ln -sv mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
'mysql' -> 'mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/'
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root  17 Jul 23 21:08 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root  36 Jul 29 01:58 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root 129 Jul 29 01:55 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root  49 Jul 23 21:08 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root   6 May 19  2020 src

#修改目录/usr/local/mysql*的属主属组
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql*
[root@localhost local]# ll
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root  root   17 Jul 23 21:08 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 libexec
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql  36 Jul 29 01:58 mysql -> mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Jul 29 01:55 mysql-5.7.37-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root  root   49 Jul 23 21:08 share
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root    6 May 19  2020 src

#添加环境变量
[root@localhost local]#  echo 'export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
[root@localhost local]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin

#配置头文件—include，库文件—lib，man文件

a).头文件—include
[root@localhost mysql]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/ /usr/include/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ldconfig

b).库文件—lib
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf
/usr/local/mysql/lib/

c).man文件
[root@localhost mysql]# vim /etc/man_db.conf
......
MANDATORY_MANPATH                       /usr/local/mysql/man
......

2.3 创建各实例数据存放的目录

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /opt/data/{3306,3307,3308}
[root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/
[root@localhost ~]# ll /opt/data/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 29 02:08 3306
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 29 02:08 3307
drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Jul 29 02:08 3308

2.4 初始化各实例

#初始化3306实例
[root@localhost ~]#  mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3306
2022-07-28T18:10:55.688238Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-28T18:10:55.870431Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-28T18:10:55.900700Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-28T18:10:55.958646Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 9ff5a837-0ea0-11ed-8af7-000c29e16842.
2022-07-28T18:10:55.959533Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-28T18:10:56.479019Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-28T18:10:56.479035Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-28T18:10:56.479478Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-28T18:10:56.541878Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: glUI5k%_eY0)
[root@localhost ~]# echo 'glUI5k%_eY0)' > 3306_passwd


#初始化3307实例
[root@localhost ~]#  mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3307
2022-07-28T18:13:08.002396Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-28T18:13:08.190046Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-28T18:13:08.216254Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-28T18:13:08.220706Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: eecb3f15-0ea0-11ed-89c1-000c29e16842.
2022-07-28T18:13:08.221521Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-28T18:13:08.894461Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-28T18:13:08.894488Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-28T18:13:08.894929Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-28T18:13:09.105418Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: s3#Y-hhyBKve
[root@localhost ~]# echo 's3#Y-hhyBKve' > 3307_passwd


#初始化3308实例
[root@localhost ~]#  mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/3308
2022-07-28T18:13:53.110334Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2022-07-28T18:13:53.283030Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2022-07-28T18:13:53.308723Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2022-07-28T18:13:53.364947Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 09b3b5f7-0ea1-11ed-926a-000c29e16842.
2022-07-28T18:13:53.365788Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2022-07-28T18:13:54.027096Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-28T18:13:54.027135Z 0 [Warning] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled. Please use TLSv1.2 or higher.
2022-07-28T18:13:54.027592Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-07-28T18:13:54.447992Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: (+d7r!3v%lVe
[root@localhost ~]# echo '(+d7r!3v%lVe' > 3308_passwd

2.5 安装perl

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install perl

2.6 配置配置文件/etc/my.cnf

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin

[mysqld3306]
datadir = /opt/data/3306
port = 3306
socket = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3306/mysql_3306.pid
log-error=/var/log/3306.log

[mysqld3307]
datadir = /opt/data/3307
port = 3307
socket = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3307/mysql_3307.pid
log-error=/var/log/3307.log

[mysqld3308]
datadir = /opt/data/3308
port = 3308
socket = /tmp/mysql3308.sock
pid-file = /opt/data/3308/mysql_3308.pid
log-error=/var/log/3308.log

2.7 启动各实例

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3307
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld_multi start 3308
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State     Recv-Q    Send-Q       Local Address:Port       Peer Address:Port   Process   
LISTEN    0         128                0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*                
LISTEN    0         128                   [::]:22                 [::]:*                
LISTEN    0         80                       *:3306                  *:*                
LISTEN    0         80                       *:3307                  *:*                
LISTEN    0         80                       *:3308                  *:*    

2.8 初始化各实例密码

#3306初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# cat 3306_passwd 
glUI5k%_eY0)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -p'glUI5k%_eY0)' -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('Passwd123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye

#3307初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# cat 3307_passwd 
s3#Y-hhyBKve
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -p's3#Y-hhyBKve' -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('Passwd123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye

#3308初始密码
[root@localhost ~]# cat 3308_passwd 
(+d7r!3v%lVe
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -p'(+d7r!3v%lVe' -S /tmp/mysql3308.sock
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.37

Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> set password = password('Passwd123!');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye