mysql> select version();
+-----------+
| version() |
+-----------+
| 5.7.37    |
+-----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@datadir;
+-----------------+
| @@datadir    |
+-----------------+
| /data/mysql/   |
+-----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select @@basedir;
+------------------------------+
| @@basedir                   |
+------------------------------+
| /usr/local/mysql-5.7.37/ |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>

[root@dbserver ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_upgrade -u root -p  -s --force
Enter password:
The --upgrade-system-tables option was used, databases won't be touched.
Checking server version.
Running queries to upgrade MySQL server.
Upgrading the sys schema.
Upgrade process completed successfully.
Checking if update is needed.
[root@dbserver ~]#
或者

[root@dbserver ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_upgrade -u root -p   --force
Enter password:
Checking server version.
Running queries to upgrade MySQL server.
Checking system database.
mysql.columns_priv                                 OK
mysql.db                                           OK
mysql.engine_cost                                  OK
mysql.event                                        OK
mysql.func                                         OK
mysql.general_log                                  OK
mysql.gtid_executed                                OK
mysql.help_category                                OK
mysql.help_keyword                                 OK
mysql.help_relation                                OK
mysql.help_topic                                   OK
mysql.innodb_index_stats                           OK
mysql.innodb_table_stats                           OK
mysql.ndb_binlog_index                             OK
mysql.plugin                                       OK
mysql.proc                                         OK
mysql.procs_priv                                   OK
mysql.proxies_priv                                 OK
mysql.server_cost                                  OK
mysql.servers                                      OK
mysql.slave_master_info                            OK
mysql.slave_relay_log_info                         OK
mysql.slave_worker_info                            OK
mysql.slow_log                                     OK
mysql.tables_priv                                  OK
mysql.time_zone                                    OK
mysql.time_zone_leap_second                        OK
mysql.time_zone_name                               OK
mysql.time_zone_transition                         OK
mysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK
mysql.user                                         OK
The sys schema is already up to date (version 1.5.2).
Checking databases.
sys.sys_config                                     OK
Upgrade process completed successfully.
Checking if update is needed.
[root@dbserver ~]#