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package javax.servlet; import java.io.IOException; public interface Servlet { //初始化方法 void init(ServletConfig var1) throws ServletException; ServletConfig getServletConfig(); //服务方法 void service(ServletRequest var1, ServletResponse var2) throws ServletException, IOException; String getServletInfo(); //销毁方法 void destroy(); }
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取请求的方式 String method = req.getMethod(); long lastModified; //get请求 if (method.equals("GET")) { lastModified = this.getLastModified(req); if (lastModified == -1L) { this.doGet(req, resp); } else { long ifModifiedSince; try { ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader("If-Modified-Since"); } catch (IllegalArgumentException var9) { ifModifiedSince = -1L; } if (ifModifiedSince < lastModified / 1000L * 1000L) { this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); this.doGet(req, resp); } else { resp.setStatus(304); } } } else if (method.equals("HEAD")) { lastModified = this.getLastModified(req); this.maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); this.doHead(req, resp); } else if (method.equals("POST")) { this.doPost(req, resp); } else if (method.equals("PUT")) { this.doPut(req, resp); } else if (method.equals("DELETE")) { this.doDelete(req, resp); } else if (method.equals("OPTIONS")) { this.doOptions(req, resp); } else if (method.equals("TRACE")) { this.doTrace(req, resp); } else { String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented"); Object[] errArgs = new Object[]{method}; errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs); resp.sendError(501, errMsg); } }
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String protocol = req.getProtocol(); String msg = lStrings.getString("http.method_post_not_supported"); if (protocol.endsWith("1.1")) { resp.sendError(405, msg); } else { resp.sendError(400, msg); } }
init(),service(),destroy()
import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; public class Demo02Servlet extends HttpServlet { @Override public void init() throws ServletException { System.out.println("loading..."); } @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { System.out.println("Service running..."); } @Override public void destroy() { System.out.println("destroyed"); } }
Servlet会进行实例化(调用构造方法)
初始化调用init
服务调用service
都是调用service
调用destroy
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>Demo01Servlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>Demo01Servlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet> <servlet-name>Demo02Servlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>Demo02Servlet</servlet-class> <load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Demo01Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/demo01</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Demo02Servlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/demo02</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
<load-on-startup>0</load-on-startup>
数值越小启动越靠前,最小值0
超文本传输协议,确定了请求和响应数据的格式。
名称 | 功能 |
---|---|
Host | 服务器的主机地址 |
Accept | 声明当前请求能够接受的『媒体类型』 |
Referer | 当前请求来源页面的地址 |
Content-Length | 请求体内容的长度 |
Content-Type | 请求体的内容类型,这一项的具体值是媒体类型中的某一种 |
Cookie | 浏览器访问服务器时携带的Cookie数据 |
get方式,没有请求体,有一个querystring
post方式,有请求体,form data
json格式,有请求体,request payload
Status Code: 200 OK
包含服务器发送给浏览器的信息
响应的实际内容
Http是无状态的
两次请求,服务器无法判断是否是同一个客户端发送的
为了解决此问题,需要使用会话跟踪技术
import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession; import java.io.IOException; public class Demo03Servlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //获取session HttpSession session = req.getSession(); System.out.println("Session ID:" + session.getId()); } }
第一次向demo03发请求
第二次向demo03发请求
req.getSession(); //向当前session保存作用域保存一个数据“fancy”,对应的key为uname session.setAttribute("uname","fancy");
同一会话,不同组件请求uname,都能得到fancy
绑定sessionID