在现代企业中,数据显得尤为重要,而存储数据的数据库选择又五花八门,但无论是何种数据库,均存在着一种隐患。
想几个问题:
主从复制步骤:
主从复制配置步骤:
需求:
搭建两台MySQL
服务器,一台作为主服务器,一台作为从服务器,主服务器进行写操作,从服务器进行读操作
环境说明:
数据库角色 | IP | 应用与系统版本 | 有无数据 |
---|---|---|---|
主数据库 | 192.168.244.120 | centos8/redhat8 mysql-5.7 | 有数据 |
从数据库 | 192.168.244.121 | centos8/redhat8 mysql-5.7 | 无数据 |
分别在主从两台服务器上安装mysql-5.7
版本,此处略过安装步骤,若有疑问请参考《mysql基础》与《mysql进阶》两篇文章。
为确保从数据库与主数据库里的数据一样,先全备主数据库并还原到从数据库中
主数据库
注:以下示例皆添加了免输入密码配置,所以有些命令没有添加指定用户和密码相关参数
#现有以下数据库和表 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | centos | | linux | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> use linux ; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +-----------------+ | Tables_in_linux | +-----------------+ | tb_1 | +-----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from tb_1; +----+------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+------+------+ | 1 | lisa | 18 | | 2 | tom | 20 | +----+------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) #全备数据库,全备时需要开启另外一个终端开启读锁,避免在备份期间有其他人在写入导致数据不一致 mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) [root@rh1 ~]# mysqldump --all-databases > /opt/all-$(date '+%Y%m%d').sql #将文件传送到从库 [root@rh1 ~]# scp /opt/all-20220731.sql root@192.168.244.121:/opt/ The authenticity of host '192.168.244.121 (192.168.244.121)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:ShBbLlHCHD5+Y2KtMhx1xmbpqt1DLgWg1mS7/pNysuw. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? y Please type 'yes', 'no' or the fingerprint: yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.244.121' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.244.121's password: all-20220731.sql 100% 856KB 55.8MB/s 00:00 #直接退出就可以解除读锁 mysql> quit Bye
从数据库
[root@rh2 ~]# mysql < /opt/all-20220731.sql [root@rh2 ~]# mysql -e 'show databases;' +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | centos | | linux | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+
主数据库
mysql> create user 'miya'@'192.168.244.121' identified by '1234'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'miya'@'192.168.244.121'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
[root@rh1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /opt/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid user = mysql skip-name-resolve server-id = 10 #数据库服务器唯一标识符,主库的server-id值必须比从库的小,优先级比从库大 log-bin = mysql_bin #启用binlog日志 #重启mysql服务 [root@rh1 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@rh1 ~]# ss -tanl | grep 3306 LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:* #查看主库的状态 mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql_bin.000001 | 154 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@rh2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /opt/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid user = mysql skip-name-resolve server-id = 20 #设置从库的唯一标识符,从库的server-id值必须比主库的大,优先级比主数据库小 relay-log = mysql-relay-bin #启用中继日志relay-log #重启mysql服务 [root@rh2 ~]# systemctl restart mysqld [root@rh2 ~]# ss -tanl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* #配置并启动主从配置 mysql> change master to -> master_host='192.168.244.120', -> master_user='miya', -> master_password='1234', -> master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001', -> master_log_pos=154; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.05 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) #查看从服务器状态 mysql> show slave status \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event Master_Host: 192.168.244.120 Master_User: miya Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 154 Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 320 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql_bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running: Yes #这一行必须为yes,如果出现Connecting,可以尝试在主服务器上关闭防火墙 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes #这一行必须为yes
在主服务器的表tb_1中插入数据
mysql> insert tb_1(name,age) value('mariya',22); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> select * from tb_1; +----+--------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+--------+------+ | 1 | lisa | 18 | | 2 | tom | 20 | | 3 | mariya | 22 | +----+--------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
在从数据库中查看数据是否同步
mysql> select * from tb_1; +----+--------+------+ | id | name | age | +----+--------+------+ | 1 | lisa | 18 | | 2 | tom | 20 | | 3 | mariya | 22 | +----+--------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)