具有队列的特性,再给它附加一个延迟消费队列消息的功能,也就是说可以指定队列中的消息在哪个时间点被消费。
延时队列在项目中的应用还是比较多的,尤其像电商类平台:
该介绍来自其他文章
下面的例子没有进行封装,所以代码仅供参考
注意:
不保证在设定的过期时间立即删除并发送通知,数据量大的时候会延迟比较大
不保证一定送达
发送即忘策略,不包含持久化
但是比如有些场景,对这个时间不是那么看重,并且有其他措施双层保障,该实现方案是比较简单。
redis自2.8.0之后版本提供Keyspace Notifications功能,允许客户订阅Pub / Sub频道,以便以某种方式接收影响Redis数据集事件。
需要修改配置启用过期事件,比如在windows客户端中,需要修改redis.windows.conf文件,在linux中需要修改redis.conf,修改内容是:
-- 取消注释 notify-keyspace-events Ex -- 注释 #notify-keyspace-events ""
然后重新启动服务器,比如windows
.\redis-server.exe .\redis.windows.conf
或者linux中使用docker-compose重新部署redis
redis: container_name: redis image: redis hostname: redis restart: always ports: - "6379:6379" volumes: - $PWD/redis/redis.conf:/etc/redis.conf - /root/common-docker-compose/redis/data:/data command: /bin/bash -c "redis-server /etc/redis.conf" #启动执行指定的redis.conf文件
然后使用客户端订阅事件
-- windows .\redis-cli -- linux docker exec -it 容器标识 redis-cli psubscribe __keyevent@0__:expired
使用StackExchange.Redis组件订阅过期事件
var connectionMultiplexer = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(_redisConnection); var db = connectionMultiplexer.GetDatabase(0); db.StringSet("orderno:123456", "订单创建", TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10)); Console.WriteLine("开始订阅"); var subscriber = connectionMultiplexer.GetSubscriber(); //订阅库0的过期通知事件 subscriber.Subscribe("__keyevent@0__:expired", (channel, key) => { Console.WriteLine($"key过期 channel:{channel} key:{key}"); }); Console.ReadLine();
输出结果:
key过期 channel:keyevent@0:expired key:orderno:123456
如果启动多个客户端监听,那么多个客户端都可以收到过期事件。
创建RedisListenService继承自:BackgroundService
public class RedisListenService : BackgroundService { private readonly ISubscriber _subscriber; public RedisListenService(IServiceScopeFactory serviceScopeFactory) { using var scope = serviceScopeFactory.CreateScope(); var configuration = scope.ServiceProvider.GetRequiredService<IConfiguration>(); var connectionMultiplexer = ConnectionMultiplexer.Connect(configuration["redis"]); var db = connectionMultiplexer.GetDatabase(0); _subscriber = connectionMultiplexer.GetSubscriber(); } protected override Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken) { //订阅库0的过期通知事件 _subscriber.Subscribe("__keyevent@0__:expired", (channel, key) => { Console.WriteLine($"key过期 channel:{channel} key:{key}"); }); return Task.CompletedTask; } }
注册该后台服务
services.AddHostedService<RedisListenService>();
启用项目,给redis指定库设置值,等过期后会接收到过期通知事件。
版本信息 Rabbitmq版本:3.10.5 Erlang版本:24.3.4.2
要使用rabbitmq做延迟是需要安装插件(rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange)的
插件介绍:https://blog.rabbitmq.com/posts/2015/04/scheduling-messages-with-rabbitmq
下载地址:https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-delayed-message-exchange/releases
将下载好的插件(d:/Download/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.10.2.ez)映射到容器的plugins目录下:
docker run -d --name myrabbit -p 9005:15672 -p 5672:5672 -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=customer -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=123456 -v d:/Download/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.10.2.ez:/plugins/rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange-3.10.2.ez rabbitmq:3-management-alpine
进入容器
docker exec -it 容器名称/标识 bash
启用插件
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange
查看是否启用
rabbitmq-plugins list
[E]和[e]表示启用,然后重启服务
rabbitmq-server restart
然后在管理界面添加交换机都可以看到
发送的消息类型是:x-delayed-message
[HttpGet("send/delay")] public string SendDelayedMessage() { var factory = new ConnectionFactory() { HostName = "localhost",//IP地址 Port = 5672,//端口号 UserName = "admin",//用户账号 Password = "123456",//用户密码 VirtualHost = "customer" }; using var connection = factory.CreateConnection(); using var channel = connection.CreateModel(); var exchangeName = "delay-exchange"; var routingkey = "delay.delay"; var queueName = "delay_queueName"; //设置Exchange队列类型 var argMaps = new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"x-delayed-type", "topic"} }; //设置当前消息为延时队列 channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: exchangeName, type: "x-delayed-message", true, false, argMaps); channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, argMaps); channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingkey); var time = 1000 * 5; var message = $"发送时间为 {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} 延时时间为:{time}"; var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message); var props = channel.CreateBasicProperties(); //设置消息的过期时间 props.Headers = new Dictionary<string, object>() { { "x-delay", time } }; channel.BasicPublish(exchange: exchangeName, routingKey: routingkey, basicProperties: props, body: body); Console.WriteLine("成功发送消息:" + message); return "success"; }
消费消息我是弄了一个后台任务(RabbitmqDelayedHostService)在处理
public class RabbitmqDelayedHostService : BackgroundService { private readonly IModel _channel; private readonly IConnection _connection; public RabbitmqDelayedHostService() { var connFactory = new ConnectionFactory//创建连接工厂对象 { HostName = "localhost",//IP地址 Port = 5672,//端口号 UserName = "admin",//用户账号 Password = "123456",//用户密码 VirtualHost = "customer" }; _connection = connFactory.CreateConnection(); _channel = _connection.CreateModel(); //交换机名称 var exchangeName = "exchangeDelayed"; var queueName = "delay_queueName"; var routingkey = "delay.delay"; var argMaps = new Dictionary<string, object>() { {"x-delayed-type", "topic"} }; _channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchange: exchangeName, type: "x-delayed-message", true, false, argMaps); _channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, argMaps); _channel.QueueBind(queue: queueName, exchange: exchangeName, routingKey: routingkey); //声明为手动确认 _channel.BasicQos(0, 1, false); } protected override Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken) { var queueName = "delay_queueName"; var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(_channel); consumer.Received += (model, ea) => { var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(ea.Body.ToArray()); var routingKey = ea.RoutingKey; Console.WriteLine($"接受到消息的时间为 {DateTime.Now:yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss},routingKey:{routingKey} message:{message} "); //手动确认 _channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, true); }; _channel.BasicConsume(queue: queueName, autoAck: false, consumer: consumer); return Task.CompletedTask; } public override void Dispose() { _connection.Dispose(); _channel.Dispose(); base.Dispose(); } }
注册该后台任务
services.AddHostedService<RabbitmqDelayedHostService>();
输出结果
成功发送消息:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:22 延时时间为:5000
成功发送消息:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:22 延时时间为:5000
成功发送消息:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:22 延时时间为:5000
成功发送消息:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:23 延时时间为:5000
成功发送消息:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:23 延时时间为:5000
成功发送消息:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:23 延时时间为:5000
接受到消息的时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:27,routingKey:delay.delay message:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:22 延时时间为:5000
接受到消息的时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:27,routingKey:delay.delay message:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:22 延时时间为:5000
接受到消息的时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:27,routingKey:delay.delay message:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:22 延时时间为:5000
接受到消息的时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:28,routingKey:delay.delay message:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:23 延时时间为:5000
接受到消息的时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:28,routingKey:delay.delay message:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:23 延时时间为:5000
接受到消息的时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:28,routingKey:delay.delay message:发送时间为 2022-07-02 18:54:23 延时时间为:5000
BackgroundJob.Schedule( () => Console.WriteLine("Delayed!"), TimeSpan.FromDays(7));