shellcheck是一个基于GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE的开源软件,具有强大的shell语法检查功能。主要可以判断如下shell问题。
其中明显影响语法正确性和使用正确性的问题软件会以error级别错误告警,其他问题会以warn等低等级方式输出报告。
echo $1 # Unquoted variables #变量未加引号 find . -name *.ogg # Unquoted find/grep patterns #find/grep 的匹配模式未加引号 rm "~/my file.txt" # Quoted tilde expansion #引号中的波浪符扩展 v='--verbose="true"'; cmd $v # Literal quotes in variables # 变量中的字面引号 for f in "*.ogg" # Incorrectly quoted 'for' loops # 错误的for循环 touch $@ # Unquoted $@ # $@未加引号 echo 'Don't forget to restart!' # Singlequote closed by apostrophe # 单引号被撇号意外关闭了 echo 'Don\'t try this at home' # Attempting to escape ' in '' #试图在单引号括起来的部分中加上一个单引号 echo 'Path is $PATH' # Variables in single quotes # 将变量用单引号括起来 trap "echo Took ${SECONDS}s" 0 # Prematurely expanded trap #过早扩展陷阱
[[ n != 0 ]] # Constant test expressions # 常量测试表达式 [[ -e *.mpg ]] # Existence checks of globs # 对文件是否存在进行检查时,使用通配符 [[ $foo==0 ]] # Always true due to missing spaces #由于缺乏空格,结果总是为真 [[ -n "$foo " ]] # Always true due to literals #由于字面值存在,结果总是为真 [[ $foo =~ "fo+" ]] # Quoted regex in =~ # 在 =~ 中使用正则表达式 [ foo =~ re ] # Unsupported [ ] operators # 不支持的[]运算符 [ $1 -eq "shellcheck" ] # Numerical comparison of strings # 比较数字和字符串 [ $n && $m ] # && in [ .. ] # 在[]中使用&&运算符 [ grep -q foo file ] # Command without $(..) #命令缺少了$(..) [[ "$$file" == *.jpg ]] # Comparisons that can't succeed #无法成功的比较 (( 1 -lt 2 )) # Using test operators in ((..)) #在((..))中使用比较
grep '*foo*' file # Globs in regex contexts #在grep的正则表达式中前后使用通配符 find . -exec foo {} && bar {} \; # Prematurely terminated find -exec # 使find -exec 过早结束 sudo echo 'Var=42' > /etc/profile # Redirecting sudo # 重定向sudo time --format=%s sleep 10 # Passing time(1) flags to time builtin # 将time(1)的标志传递给内建的time while read h; do ssh "$h" uptime # Commands eating while loop input # 一个获取输入的while循环中,使用同样会获取输入的命令 alias archive='mv $1 /backup' # Defining aliases with arguments # 定义使用参数的alias tr -cd '[a-zA-Z0-9]' # [] around ranges in tr # 在tr的参数范围外使用[] exec foo; echo "Done!" # Misused 'exec' # 错误地使用exec find -name \*.bak -o -name \*~ -delete # Implicit precedence in find # 在find中的隐式优先级 # find . -exec foo > bar \; # Redirections in find #find中的重定向 f() { whoami; }; sudo f # External use of internal functions #在外部使用内部函数
grep '*foo*' file # Globs in regex contexts #在grep的正则表达式中前后使用通配符 find . -exec foo {} && bar {} \; # Prematurely terminated find -exec # 使find -exec 过早结束 sudo echo 'Var=42' > /etc/profile # Redirecting sudo # 重定向sudo time --format=%s sleep 10 # Passing time(1) flags to time builtin # 将time(1)的标志传递给内建的time while read h; do ssh "$h" uptime # Commands eating while loop input # 一个获取输入的while循环中,使用同样会获取输入的命令 alias archive='mv $1 /backup' # Defining aliases with arguments # 定义使用参数的alias tr -cd '[a-zA-Z0-9]' # [] around ranges in tr # 在tr的参数范围外使用[] exec foo; echo "Done!" # Misused 'exec' # 错误地使用exec find -name \*.bak -o -name \*~ -delete # Implicit precedence in find # 在find中的隐式优先级 # find . -exec foo > bar \; # Redirections in find #find中的重定向 f() { whoami; }; sudo f # External use of internal functions #在外部使用内部函数 var = 42 # Spaces around = in assignments #等号两边的空格 $foo=42 # $ in assignments # 对变量赋值时使用了$ for $var in *; do ... # $ in for loop variables # 在循环变量处使用$ var$n="Hello" # Wrong indirect assignment #错误的变量 echo ${var$n} # Wrong indirect reference #错误的引用 var=(1, 2, 3) # Comma separated arrays #逗号分割数组 array=( [index] = value ) # Incorrect index initialization #错误的索引初始化 echo $var[14] # Missing {} in array references #引用数组缺少{} echo "Argument 10 is $10" # Positional parameter misreference #错误的位置参数引用 if $(myfunction); then ..; fi # Wrapping commands in $() #在命令外加上$() else if othercondition; then .. # Using 'else if' #使用else if f; f() { echo "hello world; } # Using function before definition 在函数定义之前使用函数 [ false ] # 'false' being true # 此处false为true if ( -f file ) # Using (..) instead of test #使用()取代测试条件
[[ -z $(find /tmp | grep mpg) ]] # Use grep -q instead #改成使用grep -q a >> log; b >> log; c >> log # Use a redirection block instead #改成使用重定向块 echo "The time is `date`" # Use $() instead #改成使用$() cd dir; process *; cd ..; # Use subshells instead #改成使用subshell echo $[1+2] # Use standard $((..)) instead of old $[] #改成使用标准的$((..)) echo $(($RANDOM % 6)) # Don't use $ on variables in $((..)) #在$((..))中不要使用$ echo "$(date)" # Useless use of echo # 没必要的echo cat file | grep foo # Useless use of cat #没必要的cat
args="$@" # Assigning arrays to strings # 将数组赋值给字符串 files=(foo bar); echo "$files" # Referencing arrays as strings # 把数字当成字符串引用 declare -A arr=(foo bar) # Associative arrays without index # 不带索引组合数组 printf "%s\n" "Arguments: $@." # Concatenating strings and arrays # 连接字符串和数组 [[ $# > 2 ]] # Comparing numbers as strings # 把数字当成字符串比较 var=World; echo "Hello " var # Unused lowercase variables # 未使用的小写变量 echo "Hello $name" # Unassigned lowercase variables # 未赋值的小写变量 cmd | read bar; echo $bar # Assignments in subshells # 在subshells中进行赋值 cat foo | cp bar # Piping to commands that don't read # 通过管道传递数据给一个不会做读取的程序 printf '%s: %s\n' foo # Mismatches in printf argument count # pirintf参数数量不匹配
rm -rf "$STEAMROOT/"* # Catastrophic rm # 可能导致灾难性后果的rm touch ./-l; ls * # Globs that could become options # 使用了可能变成选项的通配符 find . -exec sh -c 'a && b {}' \; # Find -exec shell injection # Find -exec shell注入 printf "Hello $name" # Variables in printf format # 在printf的格式化参数中使用变量 for f in $(ls *.txt); do # Iterating over ls output # 在ls的输出上进行迭代 export MYVAR=$(cmd) # Masked exit codes # 使退出码模糊 case $version in 2.*) :;; 2.6.*) # Shadowed case branches # 隐蔽的case分支
echo {1..$n} # Works in ksh, but not bash/dash/sh #在 ksh 中可用,在 bash/dash/sh 中不可用 echo {1..10} # Works in ksh and bash, but not dash/sh #在 ksh 中可用,在 bash/dash/sh 中不可用 echo -n 42 # Works in ksh, bash and dash, undefined in sh #在 ksh/bash/dash 中可用,在 sh 中不可用 trap 'exit 42' sigint # Unportable signal spec # 不具有可移植性的信号细节 cmd &> file # Unportable redirection operator # 不具有可移植性的重定向操作 read foo < /dev/tcp/host/22 # Unportable intercepted files # 不具有可移植性的截获的文件 foo-bar() { ..; } # Undefined/unsupported function name # 未定义/不支持的函数名 [ $UID = 0 ] # Variable undefined in dash/sh # dash/sh 中未定义的变量 local var=value # local is undefined in sh # sh 中未定义local time sleep 1 | sleep 5 # Undefined uses of 'time' # 使用了time未定义的用法
PS1='\e[0;32m\$\e[0m ' # PS1 colors not in \[..\] # PS1 的颜色不在\[..\] 中 PATH="$PATH:~/bin" # Literal tilde in $PATH # $PATH中的波浪号 rm “file” # Unicode quotes #Unicode 引号 echo "Hello world" # Carriage return / DOS line endings # 传输返回DOS行结束符/ echo hello \ # Trailing spaces after \ # \后面的行尾空格 var=42 echo $var # Expansion of inlined environment # 展开内联环境变量 #!/bin/bash -x -e # Common shebang errors # shebang 命令错误 echo $((n/180*100)) # Unnecessary loss of precision # 不必要的精度丢失 ls *[:digit:].txt # Bad character class globs # 不好的通配符 sed 's/foo/bar/' file > file # Redirecting to input # 重定向到输入 while getopts "a" f; do case $f in "b") # Unhandled getopts flags # 未处理的getopts标志