Net Core教程
【C# 数据结构与算法】线性表
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线性表的实现方式
线性表的实现方式有下面几种
- 顺序表 ：数组
- 单链表：list<>
- 单向循环链表
- 双向链表：linkedlist<>
- 循环链表:
自定义顺序表
public class SequenceList<T>
{
private T[] items;
private int count;
private bool empty;
private bool full;
int capacity;
//列表的元素个数
public int Count { get => count; set => count = value; }
//判断列表是否为空
public bool Empty { get => count == 0; }
public bool Full { get => count == items.Length; }
public int Capacity {
get => capacity; set => capacity = value;
}
//构造函数
public SequenceList(int count)
{items = new T[count] ;this.count=0;Capacity = count; }
public SequenceList() : this(16) { }
public SequenceList(T[] items)
{
count = items.Length ;
int capacity = count + 16;
this.items =new T[capacity];
for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
this.items[i++] = items[i];
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 扩容数组
/// </summary>
private void AutoExtensionCacpacity()
{
capacity = this.items.Length * 2;
T[] newitems = new T[capacity];
this.items.CopyTo(newitems, 0);
this.items = newitems;
}
/// <summary>
/// 索引
/// </summary>
/// <param name="i"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
/// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public T this[int i]
{
get
{
if (i >= 0 && i<items.Length)
return items[i];
else throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
}
set
{
if (i > 0 && i < items.Length)
items[i]=value;
else throw new IndexOutOfRangeException($"index out of range in {this.GetType()}");
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 查找list是否包含改值
/// </summary>
/// <param name="K"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public bool Contains(T K)
{
return IndexOf(K) != -1 ? true : false;
}
public int IndexOf(T itme)
{
int j = 0;
while (j < count && !itme.Equals(items[j]))
j++;
return j>=0 && j <count? j: -1;
}
/// <summary>
/// 在指定的索引位置插入元素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="j">索引位置</param>
/// <param name="k">item</param>
public void Insert(int j ,T k)
{
if (j > items.Length)
{
AutoExtensionCacpacity();
}
if (j > count)
{
j = count;
}else if(j < 0)
{
j=0;
}
else
{
for(int i=count-1;i>=j && i<= count; i--)
{
items[i+1] = items[i];
}
items[j] = k;
}
count++;
}
/// <summary>
/// 在尾部添加
/// </summary>
/// <param name="k">要添加item</param>
public void Append(T k)
{
if (count >= items.Length)
{
AutoExtensionCacpacity();
}
items[count] = k;
count++;
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除指定索引的元素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="i">元素的索引</param>
/// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public void RemoveAt(int i)
{
if (i >= 0 && i < count)
{
for (int j=i+1;j<=count;j++)
{
items[j-1] = items[j];
}
count--;
}
else
{
throw new IndexOutOfRangeException( );
}
}
public void Remove(T k)
{
int j= IndexOf(k);
if (j >= 0)
{
RemoveAt(j);
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 打印列表
/// </summary>
public void Show()
{
for(int i = 0; i < count; i++)
{
Console.Write (items[i] +" ");
}
}
}
View Code
单向链表
对应的C# 代码如下：
编写了如下功能：insert、reverse、Remove、RemoveAt、add
1、读取线程安全
2、未实现序列化功能
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.XPath;
namespace LinearList;
public class Sample
{
public static void Main()
{
int[] vs = new int[10];
for (int i = 1; i < 10; i++)
{
vs[i] = i;
}
CircularList<int> list = new(vs );
Console.WriteLine(list.Length);
}
public class Node<T>
{
private T? item;
private Node<T>? next;
public T? Item { get => item; set => item = value; }
public Node<T>? Next { get => next; set => next = value; }
public Node(T value)
{
item = value;
}
public Node()
{
}
public override string ToString()
{
return item.ToString();
}
}
//读取时线程安全
public class NodeList<T> where T : notnull
{
public Node<T> Head;
private int length;
[ThreadStatic] private static Node<T> currntNode;
public Node<T> CurrntNode
{
get {
if (Head.Next == null) currntNode= Head;
return currntNode;
}
set {
currntNode = value;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 构造头节点，他是开始的标志
/// </summary>
public NodeList()
{
Head=new Node<T>();
currntNode = new();
CurrntNode = Head;
}
public NodeList(Node<T> firstnode) :this()
{
Head.Next = firstnode;
}
public NodeList( T [] array) : this()
{
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
Node<T> node = new (array[i]);
CurrntNode.Next = node;
if (i == 0)Head.Next = node;
CurrntNode = CurrntNode.Next;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 列表长度 ,为了方便循环单向链表 继承后修改改方法，所以改方法设置成virtual
/// </summary>
public virtual int Length { get
{
Node<T>? node = Head;
length = 0;
while (node != null)
{
node = node.Next;
length++;
}
return length;
}
set => length = value; }
/// <summary>
/// 添加数据项 ,为了方便循环单向链表 继承后修改改方法，所以改方法设置成virtual
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item"></param>
public virtual void Add(T item)
{
Node<T> newNOde = new(item);
if (CurrntNode == null) { CurrntNode = new(); CurrntNode = newNOde; Head = newNOde; }
else
{
CurrntNode.Next = newNOde;
CurrntNode = CurrntNode.Next;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 输出完整的列表
/// </summary>
public void Print()
{
if (Head.Next != null) CurrntNode = Head.Next;
while (CurrntNode != null)
{
Console.WriteLine(CurrntNode.Item);
CurrntNode = CurrntNode .Next;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 是否是空列表
/// </summary>
public virtual bool IsEmpty{get{ return Head.Next == null; } }
/// <summary>
/// suo'y
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
/// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public virtual T this[int item]
{
get
{
if(item < 0)throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
if(Head.Next==null) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
CurrntNode = Head.Next;
int n = 0;
while( n!=item)
{
CurrntNode = CurrntNode.Next;
n++;
}
return CurrntNode.Item;
}
set
{
CurrntNode = Head.Next;
int n = 0;
while (n != item)
{
CurrntNode = CurrntNode.Next;
n++;
}
CurrntNode.Item= value;
}
}
public override string ToString()
{
if(Head == null) return string.Empty;
CurrntNode = Head;
StringBuilder str = new();
while (CurrntNode != null)
{
str.Append(CurrntNode.Item+" ") ;
CurrntNode = CurrntNode.Next;
}
return str.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 在指定的索引位置之后插入元素 ,为了方便循环单向链表 继承后修改改方法，所以改方法设置成virtual
/// </summary>
/// <param name="index">索引位置</param>
/// <param name="item"></param>
/// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public virtual void Insert(int index ,T item)
{
Node<T> node=new(item);
if(index<0||index>Length)throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
CurrntNode =Head;
Node<T> nextnode = CurrntNode.Next;
int i = 0;
while (CurrntNode!=null)
{
if (i == index)
{
break;
}
CurrntNode = nextnode;
nextnode = nextnode.Next;
i++;
}
node.Next = CurrntNode!.Next;
CurrntNode.Next= node;
}
/// <summary>
/// 在队列的末尾添加 数据元素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item"></param>
public virtual void Append(T item)
{
Node<T> node =new(item);
if (Head == null) { Head = node;return; }
CurrntNode = Head;
Node<T> nextnode = CurrntNode.Next;
while (nextnode != null)
{
CurrntNode = nextnode;
}
CurrntNode.Next = node;
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除出现item的数据元素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item"></param>
public void Remove(T item)
{
if (Head == null) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(item)) ; }
CurrntNode = Head;
Node<T> nextnode = CurrntNode.Next;
if (CurrntNode.Item.Equals(item)) { Head = nextnode; }
while (nextnode != null)
{
if (nextnode.Item.Equals(item))
{
CurrntNode.Next=nextnode.Next;
return;
}
CurrntNode = nextnode;
nextnode = nextnode.Next;
}
Console.WriteLine( "未找到删除的元素");
}
/// <summary>
/// 删除指定索引的元素
/// </summary>
/// <param name="i"></param>
/// <exception cref="IndexOutOfRangeException"></exception>
public void RemoveAt(int i)
{
if (Head == null || i < 0|| i >Length ) { throw new IndexOutOfRangeException(); }
if (i == 0){ Head = null; return; }
CurrntNode = Head;
Node<T> nextnode = CurrntNode.Next;
int n = 0;
while (nextnode != null)
{
if (i-1==n)
{
CurrntNode.Next = nextnode.Next;
return;
}
CurrntNode = nextnode;
nextnode = nextnode.Next;
n++;
}
if (Length == i) { CurrntNode = null;return; }
Console.WriteLine("未找到删除的元素");
}
public void Reverse()
{
if (Head.Next == null) return;
CurrntNode = Head.Next;
Node<T> nextnode = CurrntNode.Next;
Node<T> prenode;
int n = 0;
while (nextnode != null)
{
prenode = CurrntNode;
if (n == 0) prenode.Next = null;
CurrntNode = nextnode;
nextnode = nextnode.Next;
CurrntNode.Next = prenode;
n++;
}
Head.Next = CurrntNode;
}
}
}
View Code
单向循环单链表
定义：将链表的最后一个节点的指针域指向链表的头节点。
对应的C# 代码如下：
继承单向链表，并且重写其中方法
public class CircularList<T> : NodeList<T> where T:notnull
{
public CircularList():base()
{
}
public CircularList(T[] array ):base()
{
Node<T> node;
CurrntNode = Head;
for (int i = 0; i < array.Length; i++)
{
node = new(array[i]);
CurrntNode.Next = node;
CurrntNode = node;
}
CurrntNode.Next = Head;
}
public override int Length
{
get
{
if(Head.Next==null)return 0;
CurrntNode = Head.Next;
int n = 0;
while (CurrntNode != Head )
{
n++;
CurrntNode = CurrntNode.Next;
}
return n;
}
}
public override bool IsEmpty =>Head.Next==null;
}
View Code
双向链表
自定义双向链表：功能 add、 remove、 insert、 print
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.CodeAnalysis;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.XPath;
namespace LinearList;
public class Sample
{
static void Main()
{
DoubleDirectionList<int> doubleDirectionList = new DoubleDirectionList<int>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
doubleDirectionList.Add(i);
}
doubleDirectionList.Print();
doubleDirectionList.Insert(2, 100);
doubleDirectionList.Print();
doubleDirectionList.RemoveAt(10);
doubleDirectionList.Print();
}
public class DNode<T> where T : notnull
{
private T item;
private DNode<T>? next;
private DNode<T>? prior;
public T Item { get => item; set => item = value; }
public DNode<T>? Next { get => next; set => next = value; }
public DNode<T>? Prior { get => prior; set => prior = value; }
public DNode(T item)
{
this.item = item;
next=prior=null;
}
public DNode()
{
next=prior = null;
item=default;
}
}
public class DoubleDirectionList<T> where T:notnull
{
private DNode<T> head;
[ThreadStatic] private static DNode<T> currentNode;
private int lenght;
public DoubleDirectionList ()
{
head = new DNode<T>();
currentNode = head;
}
public virtual bool IsEmpty => head.Next == null;
public DNode<T> Head { get => head; set => head = value; }
public DNode<T> CurrentNode { get => currentNode; set => currentNode = value; }
public int Lenght {
get
{
currentNode = head.Next;
int n = 0;
while(currentNode != null)
{
currentNode=currentNode.Next;
n++;
}
return n;
} set => lenght = value; }
/// <summary>
/// 添加节点
/// </summary>
/// <param name="item"></param>
public virtual void Add(T item )
{
DNode<T> dNode = new(item);
if (head.Next==null)
{
currentNode = head;
currentNode.Next = dNode;
dNode.Prior= currentNode;
currentNode = currentNode.Next;
}
else
{
while (currentNode.Next!= null)
{
currentNode = currentNode.Next;
}
currentNode.Next = dNode;
dNode.Prior = currentNode ;
}
}
public virtual void Print()
{
currentNode = head.Next;
while (currentNode != null)
{
Console.WriteLine(currentNode.Item);
currentNode = currentNode.Next;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 在当前节点之前插入
/// </summary>
/// <param name="index"></param>
/// <param name="item"></param>
public virtual void Insert(int index ,T item)
{
currentNode = head.Next;
DNode<T> dNode = new(item);
if (head.Next == null)
{
currentNode = head;
currentNode.Next = dNode;
dNode.Prior = currentNode;
currentNode = currentNode.Next;
}
else
{
int n = 0;
while (n != index)
{
currentNode = currentNode.Next;
++n;
}
if (n == index)
{
DNode<T> prior = currentNode.Prior;
prior.Next = dNode;
dNode.Prior = prior;
currentNode.Prior = dNode;
dNode.Next = currentNode;
}
}
}
public virtual void RemoveAt(int index)
{
lenght = Lenght;
if (index < 0|| index>lenght) throw new IndexOutOfRangeException();
if(head.Next == null) throw new OverflowException("list is null");
currentNode=head.Next;
int n = 0;
while(currentNode!=null)
{
if (n == index)
{
if (n == 0 && currentNode.Next == null)
{
head.Next.Prior = null; head.Next = null; return;
}
DNode<T> priro = currentNode.Prior;
DNode<T> next = currentNode.Next;
if (next == null) {priro.Next = null; return; }
priro.Next = next;
next.Prior = priro ;
}
currentNode =currentNode.Next;
n++;
}
}
}
}
View Code
循环双向链表
功能类似 就不写了。
空表：头指的next针指向自己
表示
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