SqlServer教程
SQL Server将多行数据合并为一行
本文主要是介绍SQL Server将多行数据合并为一行，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
一、引言
需求描述：现实工作中，有一些很特别的需求：在一个汇总表中，需要显示明细数据。因为是在汇总表中，所以明细数据只能显示在某一列中，这个列，就是多行数据合并为一行之后的结果。
案例描述：比如，在物料净需求表中，需求量扣减库存量、在途量等等之后，结果为剩余量，剩余量为负则需要采购。此时，不管剩余量为正还是为负，我们都需要密切关注在途量所涉及的采购单号，让物料在生产需求前到料并检验入库。假设在物料净需求表中，在途量明细需要显示为：采购单A，在途量：XXX；采购单B，在途量：XXX……以此类似，该如何处理呢？处理原理请往下看。
二、测试数据
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Score]
(
[ID] [varchar] (32) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
[Name] [varchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
[Subject] [varchar] (20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
[Value] [numeric] (4, 1) NULL
) ON [PRIMARY]
GO
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1001','张三','语文',86)
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1001','张三','数学',88)
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1002','李四','语文',89)
INSERT INTO SCORE ([ID],[NAME],[SUBJECT],[VALUE]) VALUES ('1002','李四','数学',90)
三、实现方法
3.1、STUFF函数
代码如下：
SELECT ID,[NAME],
STUFF
(
(
SELECT ','+[SUBJECT]+':'+CAST([VALUE] AS VARCHAR(MAX))
FROM SCORE
WHERE (ID=Result.ID)
FOR XML PATH(''),TYPE).value('(./text())[1]','VARCHAR(MAX)'
),1,1,''
) AS NameValues
FROM SCORE Result
GROUP BY ID,[NAME]
ORDER BY ID
3.2、GROUP_CONCAT函数
GROUP_CONCAT并非SQL Server自带函数，本文使用的是来源于网络自由软件创建的托管代码。GroupConcatInstallation.sql为函数安装，GroupConcatUninstallation.sql为函数卸载。
/*
GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com
Copyright (C) 2011 Orlando Colamatteo
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public
License.
*/
/*
Installation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2.
*/
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
GO
-- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !!
--USE GroupConcatTest
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- Turn advanced options on
EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname = 'show advanced options', @configvalue = 1 ;
GO
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE ;
GO
-- Enable CLR
EXEC sys.sp_configure @configname = 'clr enabled', @configvalue = 1 ;
GO
RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE ;
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SET ANSI_NULLS, ANSI_PADDING, ANSI_WARNINGS, ARITHABORT, QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON;
SET CONCAT_NULL_YIELDS_NULL, NUMERIC_ROUNDABORT OFF;
GO
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM tempdb..sysobjects WHERE id=OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#tmpErrors')) DROP TABLE #tmpErrors
GO
CREATE TABLE #tmpErrors (Error int)
GO
SET XACT_ABORT ON
GO
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED
GO
BEGIN TRANSACTION
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [GroupConcat]...';
GO
CREATE ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat]
AUTHORIZATION [dbo]
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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
EXEC sys.sp_addextendedproperty
@name = N'URL',
@value = N'http://groupconcat.codeplex.com',
@level0type = N'ASSEMBLY',
@level0name = N'GroupConcat'
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000), @DELIMITER NVARCHAR (4))
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_D];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000), @SORT_ORDER TINYINT)
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_S];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000), @DELIMITER NVARCHAR (4), @SORT_ORDER TINYINT)
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT_DS];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PRINT N'Creating [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]...';
GO
CREATE AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT](@VALUE NVARCHAR (4000))
RETURNS NVARCHAR (MAX)
EXTERNAL NAME [GroupConcat].[GroupConcat.GROUP_CONCAT];
GO
IF @@ERROR <> 0
AND @@TRANCOUNT > 0
BEGIN
ROLLBACK;
END
IF @@TRANCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
INSERT INTO #tmpErrors (Error)
VALUES (1);
BEGIN TRANSACTION;
END
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF EXISTS (SELECT * FROM #tmpErrors) ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
GO
IF @@TRANCOUNT>0 BEGIN
PRINT N'The transacted portion of the database update succeeded.'
COMMIT TRANSACTION
END
ELSE PRINT N'The transacted portion of the database update failed.'
GO
DROP TABLE #tmpErrors
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
GO
GroupConcatInstallation.sql
/*
GROUP_CONCAT string aggregate for SQL Server - https://groupconcat.codeplex.com
Copyright (C) 2011 Orlando Colamatteo
This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
See http://www.gnu.org/licenses/ for a copy of the GNU General Public
License.
*/
/*
Uninstallation script for GROUP_CONCAT functions. Tested in SSMS 2008R2.
*/
SET NOCOUNT ON ;
GO
-- !! MODIFY TO SUIT YOUR TEST ENVIRONMENT !!
--USE TEST
GO
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_D]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_DS]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.objects
WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]')
AND type = N'AF' )
DROP AGGREGATE [dbo].[GROUP_CONCAT_S]
GO
IF EXISTS ( SELECT *
FROM sys.assemblies asms
WHERE asms.name = N'GroupConcat'
AND is_user_defined = 1 )
DROP ASSEMBLY [GroupConcat]
GO
GroupConcatUninstallation.sql
代码如下：
SELECT ID,[NAME],dbo.GROUP_CONCAT([SUBJECT]+':'+CAST([VALUE] AS VARCHAR(MAX))) AS NameValues FROM SCORE GROUP BY ID,[NAME] ORDER BY ID
四、运行结果
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