Python教程
Python语法进阶（3）- 综合项目实战：抽奖系统
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common/consts.py
1 # coding:utf-8 2 3 ROLES=['admin','normal'] 4 FIRSTLEVEL=['level1','level2','level3','level4'] 5 SECONDLEVEL=['level1','level2','level3']
common/error.py
1 # coding:utf-8 2 3 class NotPathError(Exception): 4 def __init__(self,message): 5 self.message=message 6 7 class FormatError(Exception): 8 def __init__(self,message): 9 self.message=message 10 11 class NotFileError(Exception): 12 def __init__(self,message): 13 self.meaage=message 14 15 16 class UserExistsError(Exception): 17 def __init__(self,message): 18 self.message=message 19 20 21 class RoleError(Exception): 22 def __init__(self,message): 23 self.message=message 24 25 26 class LevelError(Exception): 27 def __init__(self,message): 28 self.message=message 29 30 31 class NegativeNumberError(Exception): 32 def __init__(self,message): 33 self.message=message 34 35 class NotUserError(Exception): 36 def __init__(self,message): 37 self.message=message 38 39 40 class UserActiveError(Exception): 41 def __init__(self,message): 42 self.message=message 43 44 45 class CountError(Exception): 46 def __init__(self,message): 47 self.message=message
common/utils.py
1 # coding:utf-8
2 import os
3 import time
4
5 from .error import NotFileError,NotPathError,FormatError
6
7 def timestamp_to_string(timestamp):
8 time_obj=time.localtime(timestamp)
9 time_str=time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time_obj)
10 return time_str
11
12 def check_file(path):
13 if not os.path.exists(path):
14 raise NotPathError("not found %s" % path)
15
16 if not path.endswith('.json'):
17 raise FormatError("need json format")
18
19 if not os.path.isfile(path):
20 raise NotFileError('this is a not file')
storage/gift.json
{"level1": {"level1": {"糖豆": {"name": "糖豆", "count": 118}}, "level2": {"ipad": {"name": "ipad", "count": 2}}, "level3": {}}, "level2": {"level1": {}, "level2": {}, "level3": {"itouch": {"name": "itouch", "count": 1}}}, "level3": {"level1": {}, "level2": {}, "level3": {}}, "level4": {"level1": {}, "level2": {}, "level3": {}}}
storage/user.json
{"张三": {"username": "张三", "role": "admin", "active": true, "create_time": 1642058199.4055276, "update_time": 1642058199.4055276, "gifts": []}, "张": {"username": "张", "role": "admin", "active": true, "create_time": 1642307860.5210323, "update_time": 1642313986.935938, "gifts": []}, "李四": {"username": "李四", "role": "normal", "active": true, "create_time": 1642313383.1195645, "update_time": 1642313383.1195645, "gifts": ["糖豆", "糖豆", "糖豆", "糖豆", "糖豆", "ipad"]}, "李四2": {"username": "李四2", "role": "admin", "active": true, "create_time": 1642313470.9079525, "update_time": 1642313470.9079525, "gifts": []}, "李四3": {"username": "李四3", "role": "normal", "active": true, "create_time": 1642313498.6640847, "update_time": 1642313498.6640847, "gifts": []}, "王五": {"username": "王五", "role": "normal", "active": true, "create_time": 1642313584.7395563, "update_time": 1642313584.7395563, "gifts": ["糖豆"]}}
admin.py
1 # coding:utf-8
2 import os
3
4 from base import Base
5 from common.error import NotUserError,UserActiveError,RoleError
6 '''
7 1:admin类的搭建
8 2:获取用户函数(包含获取身份)
9 3:添加用户(判断当前身份是否是管理员)
10 4:冻结与恢复用户
11 5:修改用户身份
12 6:admin的验证（只有admin的用户才能用这个类）
13 7：任何函数都应该动态的更新getuser
14 8：奖品的添加
15 9：奖品的删除
16 10：奖品数量的更新（同步base调整）
17 '''
18
19 class Admin(Base):
20 def __init__(self,username,user_json,gift_json):
21 self.username=username
22 super().__init__(user_json,gift_json)
23 self.get_user()
24
25 def get_user(self):
26 users=self._Base__read_users()
27 current_user = users.get(self.username)
28 if current_user == None:
29 raise NotUserError('not user %s'% self.username)
30
31 if current_user.get('active') == False:
32 raise UserActiveError('the user %s had not use'% self.username)
33
34 if current_user.get('role') != 'admin':
35 raise RoleError('permission by admin')
36
37 self.user=current_user
38 self.role=current_user.get('role')
39 self.name=current_user.get('username')
40 self.active=current_user.get('active')
41
42 def __check(self,message):
43 self.get_user()
44 if self.role != 'admin':
45 raise Exception(message)
46
47 def add_user(self,username,role):
48 self.__check('permission')
49 self._Base__write_user(username=username,role=role)
50
51 def update_user_active(self,username):
52 self.__check('permission')
53 self._Base__change_active(username=username)
54
55 def update_user_role(self,username,role):
56 self.__check('permission')
57 self._Base__change_role(username,role)
58
59 def add_gift(self,first_level,second_level,gift_name,gift_count):
60 self.__check('permission')
61 self._Base__write_gift(first_level=first_level,second_level=second_level,gift_name=gift_name,gift_count=gift_count)
62
63 def delete_gift(self,first_level,second_level,gift_name):
64 self.__check('permission')
65 self._Base__delete_gift(first_level=first_level,second_level=second_level,gift_name=gift_name)
66
67 def update_gift(self,first_level,second_level,gift_name,gift_count):
68 self.__check('permission')
69 self._Base__gift_update(first_level=first_level,second_level=second_level,gift_name=gift_name,gift_count=gift_count,is_admin=True)
70
71 if __name__=='__main__':
72 store_path=os.getcwd()
73 user_path=os.path.join(store_path,'storage','user.json')
74 gift_path=os.path.join(store_path,'storage','gift.json')
75 admin=Admin('张三',user_path,gift_path)
76 admin.update_gift(first_level='level1',second_level='level1',gift_name='糖豆',gift_count=123)
base.py
1 # coding:utf-8
2 import json
3 import os
4 import time
5 from common.error import UserExistsError,RoleError,LevelError,NegativeNumberError,CountError
6 from common.utils import timestamp_to_string
7 from common.consts import ROLES,FIRSTLEVEL,SECONDLEVEL
8 from common.utils import check_file
9
10 '''
11 1：导入user.json 文件检查
12 2：导入gift.json 文件检查
13 用户操作
14 1：确定用户表中每个用户的信息字段
15 username 姓名
16 role normal or admin
17 active True or False
18 creat_time timestamp
19 update_time timestamp
20 gifts[]
21
22 username:{username,role,active}
23 2：读取userjson文件
24 3：写入userjson文件（检测用户是否存在），存在则不可写入
25 4：role的修改
26 5：active的修改
27 6：delete_user
28 礼物操作
29 1：gifts 奖品结构的确定
30 2：gifts 奖品的读取
31 3：gifts 添加
32 4：gifts 初始化
33 5：gifts 修改（数量递减）
34 6：gifts 奖品删除
35 {
36 level1：{
37 level1：{
38 gift_name1:{
39 name:xx
40 cout:xx
41 }
42 gift_name2:{}
43 }
44 level2:{}
45 level3:{}
46 }
47 level2:{
48 level1:{}
49 level2:{}
50 level3:{}
51 }
52 level3:{
53 level1:{}
54 level2:{}
55 level3:{}
56 }
57 level4:{
58 level1:{}
59 level2:{}
60 level3:{}
61 }
62 }
63
64 '''
65
66 class Base(object):
67 def __init__(self,user_json,gift_json):
68 self.user_json = user_json
69 self.gift_json=gift_json
70 self.__check_user_json()
71 self.__check_gift_json()
72 self.__init_gifts()
73
74 def __check_user_json(self):
75 check_file(self.user_json)
76
77 def __check_gift_json(self):
78 check_file(self.gift_json)
79
80 def __read_users(self,time_to_str=False):
81 with open(self.user_json,'r') as f:
82 data=json.loads(f.read())
83 if time_to_str ==True:
84 for username,v in data.items():
85 v['create_time']=timestamp_to_string(v['create_time'])
86 v['update_time']=timestamp_to_string(v['update_time'])
87 data[username]=v
88 return data
89
90 def __save(self,data,path):
91 json_data = json.dumps(data,ensure_ascii=False) #json.dumps()方法会默认将其中unicode码以ascii编码的方式输入到string。在json.dumps()方法中加入一个参数，并把值设置为False（默认为True）,中文即可正常显示
92 with open(path, 'w') as f:
93 f.write(json_data)
94
95 def __write_user(self,**user):
96 if 'username' not in user:
97 raise ValueError('missing username')
98 if 'role' not in user:
99 raise ValueError('missing role')
100
101 user['active']=True
102 user['create_time']=time.time()
103 user['update_time']=time.time()
104 user['gifts']=[]
105
106 users=self.__read_users()
107
108 if user['username'] in users:
109 raise UserExistsError('username %s had exists'% user['username'])
110
111 users.update(
112 {user['username']:user}
113 )
114 self.__save(users,self.user_json)
115
116 def __change_role(self,username,role):
117 users = self.__read_users()
118 user=users.get(username)
119 if not user:
120 return False
121
122 if role not in ROLES:
123 raise RoleError('not use role %s' % role)
124
125 user['role']=role
126 user['update_time']=time.time()
127 users[username]=user
128 self.__save(users,self.user_json)
129 return True
130
131 def __change_active(self,username):
132 users = self.__read_users()
133 user=users.get(username)
134 if not user:
135 return False
136 user['active'] = not user['active']
137 user['update_time']=time.time()
138 users[username] =user
139
140 self.__save(users,self.user_json)
141 return True
142
143 def __delete_user(self,username):
144 users = self.__read_users()
145 user=users.get(username)
146 if not user:
147 return False
148 delete_user= users.pop(username)
149 self.__save(users,self.user_json)
150 return delete_user
151
152 def __read_gifts(self):
153 with open(self.gift_json) as f:
154 data=json.loads(f.read())
155 return data
156
157 def __init_gifts(self):
158 data={
159 'level1':{
160 'level1':{},
161 'level2':{},
162 'level3':{}
163 },
164 'level2': {
165 'level1': {},
166 'level2': {},
167 'level3': {}
168 },
169 'level3': {
170 'level1': {},
171 'level2': {},
172 'level3': {}
173 },
174 'level4': {
175 'level1': {},
176 'level2': {},
177 'level3': {}
178 }
179 }
180 gifts = self.__read_gifts()
181 if len(gifts) !=0:
182 return
183 self.__save(data,self.gift_json)
184
185 def __write_gift(self,first_level,second_level,gift_name,gift_count):
186 if first_level not in FIRSTLEVEL:
187 raise LevelError('firstlevel not exists')
188 if second_level not in SECONDLEVEL:
189 raise LevelError('secondlevel not exists')
190
191 gifts=self.__read_gifts()
192
193 current_gift_pool=gifts[first_level]
194 current_sencond_gift_pool=current_gift_pool[second_level]
195
196 if gift_count <=0:
197 gift_count = 1
198
199 if gift_name in current_sencond_gift_pool:
200 current_sencond_gift_pool[gift_name]['count']=current_sencond_gift_pool[gift_name]['count']+gift_count
201 else:
202 current_sencond_gift_pool[gift_name]={
203 'name':gift_name,
204 'count':gift_count
205 }
206
207 current_gift_pool[second_level]=current_sencond_gift_pool
208 gifts[first_level]=current_gift_pool
209 self.__save(gifts,self.gift_json)
210
211 def __check_and_getgift(self,first_level,second_level,gift_name):
212 if first_level not in FIRSTLEVEL:
213 raise LevelError('firstlevel not exists')
214 if second_level not in SECONDLEVEL:
215 raise LevelError('secondlevel not exists')
216
217 gifts=self.__read_gifts()
218
219 level_one=gifts[first_level]
220 level_two=level_one[second_level]
221
222 if gift_name not in level_two:
223 return False
224
225 return {
226 'level_one':level_one,
227 'level_two':level_two,
228 'gifts':gifts
229 }
230
231
232 def __gift_update(self,first_level,second_level,gift_name,gift_count=1,is_admin=False):
233 data = self.__check_and_getgift(first_level, second_level, gift_name)
234 assert isinstance(gift_count,int),'gift count is a int'
235 if data == False:
236 return data
237 current_gift_pool = data.get('level_one')
238 current_second_gift_pool = data.get('level_two')
239 gifts = data.get('gifts')
240
241 current_gift=current_second_gift_pool[gift_name]
242
243 if is_admin==True:
244 if gift_count<=0:
245 raise CountError('gift count not 0')
246 current_gift['count']=gift_count
247 else:
248 if current_gift['count']-gift_count < 0 :
249 raise NegativeNumberError("gift count can not nagative")
250 current_gift['count']-=gift_count
251
252 current_second_gift_pool[gift_name]=current_gift
253 current_gift_pool[second_level]=current_second_gift_pool
254 gifts[first_level]=current_gift_pool
255 self.__save(gifts,self.gift_json)
256
257 def __delete_gift(self,first_level,second_level,gift_name):
258 data = self.__check_and_getgift(first_level,second_level,gift_name)
259 if data == False:
260 return data
261 current_gift_pool=data.get('level_one')
262 current_second_gift_pool=data.get('level_two')
263 gifts=data.get('gifts')
264 delete_gift_data=current_second_gift_pool.pop(gift_name)
265 current_gift_pool[second_level]=current_second_gift_pool
266 gifts[first_level]=current_gift_pool
267 self.__save(gifts,self.gift_json)
268 return delete_gift_data
269
270 if __name__=='__main__':
271 store_path=os.getcwd()
272 user_path=os.path.join(store_path,'storage','user.json')
273 gift_path=os.path.join(store_path,'storage','gift.json')
274 base=Base(user_path,gift_path)
275 base.delete_gift(first_level='level1',second_level='level2',gift_name='iphone')
user.py
1 # coding:utf-8
2
3 from base import Base
4 from common.error import NotUserError,RoleError,UserActiveError,CountError
5 from common.utils import timestamp_to_string
6 import os
7 import random
8 '''
9 1：user类的初始化
10 2：get_user（时间的转变）
11 3：查看奖品列表
12 4:抽奖函数 随机判断第一层（level1） 1：50% 2：30% 3：15% 4:5%
13 5:抽奖函数 随机判断第二层（level2） 1：80% 2：15% 3：5%
14 6：抽奖函数 获取到对应层级的真实奖品，并随即一个奖品，查看奖品count是否为0
15 不为零 中奖，提示用户，并奖品数量-1，并为用户更新
16 奖品到user表中的gifts中
17 数量为0，则未中奖
18 '''
19
20 class User(Base):
21 def __init__(self,username,user_json,gift_json):
22 self.username=username
23 self.gift_random = list(range(1,101))
24 super().__init__(user_json,gift_json)
25 self.get_user()
26
27 def get_user(self):
28 users=self._Base__read_users()
29 if self.username not in users:
30 raise NotUserError('not user %s'% self.username)
31
32 current_user=users.get(self.username)
33 if current_user.get('active') == False:
34 raise UserActiveError('the user %s had not use' % self.username)
35
36 if current_user.get('role') != 'normal':
37 raise RoleError('permission by normal')
38
39 self.user=current_user
40 self.name=current_user.get('username')
41 self.role=current_user.get('role')
42 self.gifts=current_user.get('gifts')
43 self.create_time=timestamp_to_string(current_user.get('create_time'))
44
45 def get_gifts(self):
46 gifts=self._Base__read_gifts()
47 gift_lists=[]
48 for level_one,level_one_pool in gifts.items():
49 for level_two,level_two_pool in level_one_pool.items():
50 for gift_name,gift_info in level_two_pool.items():
51 gift_lists.append(gift_info.get('name'))
52 return gift_lists
53
54 def choice_gift(self):
55 #level1 get
56 first_level,second_level= None,None
57 self.get_user()
58 level_one_count=random.choice(self.gift_random)
59 if 1<=level_one_count<=50:
60 first_level = 'level1'
61 elif 51<=level_one_count<=80:
62 first_level = 'level2'
63 elif 81<=level_one_count<95:
64 first_level = 'level3'
65 elif level_one_count>=95:
66 first_level = 'level4'
67 else:
68 raise CountError("level_one_count need 0~100")
69 gifts = self._Base__read_gifts()
70 level_one=gifts.get(first_level)
71
72 level_two_count = random.choice(self.gift_random)
73 if 1<=level_two_count<=80:
74 second_level = 'level1'
75 elif 81<=level_two_count<95:
76 second_level = 'level2'
77 elif 95<=level_two_count<=100:
78 second_level = 'level3'
79 else:
80 raise CountError("level_one_count need 0~100")
81 level_two=level_one.get(second_level)
82
83 if len(level_two)<=0:
84 print('真可惜，您没有中奖')
85 return
86
87 gift_names=[]
88 for k,_ in level_two.items():
89 gift_names.append(k)
90 gift_name=random.choice(gift_names)
91 gift_info = level_two.get(gift_name)
92 if gift_info.get('count') ==0:
93 print('真可惜，您没有中奖')
94 return
95 gift_info['count']-=1
96 level_two[gift_name]=gift_info
97 level_one[second_level]=level_two
98 gifts[first_level]=level_one
99
100 self._Base__save(gifts,self.gift_json)
101 self.user['gifts'].append(gift_name)
102 self.update()
103 print('恭喜您获得%s奖品'% gift_name)
104
105
106 def update(self):
107 users=self._Base__read_users()
108 users[self.username]=self.user
109 self._Base__save(users,self.user_json)
110
111
112
113
114 if __name__=='__main__':
115 store_path=os.getcwd()
116 user_path=os.path.join(store_path,'storage','user.json')
117 gift_path=os.path.join(store_path,'storage','gift.json')
118 user=User('王五',user_path,gift_path)
119 user.choice_gift()
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