某些特殊情况下,使用selenium的api无法操作页面元素,可以考虑通过执行js来完成。
使用方式一(不传参):
JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jse.executeScript("...");
使用方式二(传参):
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(xx)); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jse.executeScript("arguments[0]...", element);
使用场景:
setAttribute/removeAttribute
元素属性移除前,autocomplete属性值为off:
元素属性移除后,autocomplete属性消失:
控制台命令:
var ele = document.getElementById('train_date'); ele.removeAttribute('autocomplete'); // 也可以不用变量接收,直接链式调用,效果是一样的 document.getElementById('train_date').removeAttribute('autocomplete');
代码:
@Test public void testDemo() throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.12306.cn/index/"); String attributeBefore = driver.findElement(By.id("train_date")).getAttribute("autocomplete"); System.out.println("移除之前的autocomplete的属性值:" + attributeBefore); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jse.executeScript("document.getElementById('train_date').removeAttribute('autocomplete');"); Thread.sleep(3000); String attributeAfter = driver.findElement(By.id("train_date")).getAttribute("autocomplete"); if (attributeAfter.equals("")) { System.out.println("移除之后的autocomplete的属性不存在"); } }
window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight); 滚动到页面最底部
window.scrollTo(document.body.scrollHeight,0); 滚动到页面最顶部
element.scrollIntoViewIfNeeded(true); 滚动到指定元素的位置
arguments[0].scrollIntoView(); 移动到元素element对象的“顶端”与当前窗口的“顶部”对齐
arguments[0].scrollIntoView(false); 移动到元素element对象的“底端”与当前窗口的“底部”对齐
滚动到页面最底部:
@Test public void testDemo() throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.12306.cn/index/"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); Thread.sleep(3000); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jse.executeScript("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight)"); }
滚动到指定元素的位置:
@Test public void test003() throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.12306.cn/index/"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); Thread.sleep(3000); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; // 滚动到最新发布元素 jse.executeScript("document.getElementById('index_ads').scrollIntoViewIfNeeded(true);"); }
当我们在操作点击元素时候,偶尔会遇到元素无法通过click()方法点击的问题,这种情况我们可以借助javaScript来点击
报错:Element xxx is not clickable at point, Other element would receive the click
// 传入单个参数 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("XXX")); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jse.executeScript("arguments[0].click()", element); // 传入多个参数, element在str后面,改动arguments数组里面的需要点击元素的位置 WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("XXX")); String str = "Bye-Bye"; JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; jse.executeScript("arguments[1].click()", str, element);
案例:课堂派新版登录按钮
代码:
@Test public void testDemo() throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.ketangpai.com/#/homePage"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); Thread.sleep(3000); WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//span[text()='登录']")); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; // 点击登录 jse.executeScript("arguments[0].click()", element); }
传参数:
element = arguments[0];element.setAttribute('style', 'outline:red dashed 2px;') 外轮廓2px宽的红色虚线
不传参:
document.getElementById('train_date').style.border="2px solid red"; 边界为2px宽的红色实线
传参代码:
@Test public void test005() throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.12306.cn/index/"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); Thread.sleep(3000); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("train_date")); jse.executeScript("element = arguments[0];element.setAttribute('style', 'outline:red dashed 2px;')", element); }
不传参代码:
@Test public void testDemo() throws InterruptedException { WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); driver.get("https://www.12306.cn/index/"); driver.manage().window().maximize(); Thread.sleep(3000); JavascriptExecutor jse = (JavascriptExecutor) driver; // 高亮显示 jse.executeScript("document.getElementById('train_date').style.border=\"2px solid red\";"); }