1、测试数据

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# ls
a.txt
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat a.txt
e t d u e i
a d g g z j
c b d e w l
z c b h j h

2、形式1

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat a.txt
e t d u e i
a d g g z j
c b d e w l
z c b h j h
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# awk '{for(i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if(i % 2 != 0) {printf("%s", $i)} else {printf("%s ", $i)} printf("\n")}' a.txt
et du ei
ad gg zj
cb de wl
zc bh jh

3、形式2

（1）

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# ls
a.txt
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat a.txt
e t d u e i
a d g g z j
c b d e w l
z c b h j h
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# awk '{for(i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if(i % 2 != 0) printf("%s ", $i); printf("\n")}' a.txt > add
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# awk '{for(i = 1; i <= NF; i++) if(i % 2 == 0) printf("%s ", $i); printf("\n")}' a.txt > even
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# ls
a.txt  add  even
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat add
e d e
a g z
c d w
z b j
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat even
t u i
d g j
b e l
c h h
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat add even
e d e
a g z
c d w
z b j
t u i
d g j
b e l
c h h

（2）

root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# ls
a.txt
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat a.txt
e t d u e i
a d g g z j
c b d e w l
z c b h j h
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# for i in `seq $(expr $(head -n 1 a.txt | awk '{print NF}') / 2)`; do awk -v a=$i '{print $(2*a-1), $(2*a)}' a.txt | sed 's/ /\n/' | paste -s -d " " >> temp; done
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# ls
a.txt  temp
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat temp
e t a d c b z c
d u g g d e b h
e i z j w l j h
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# for i in `seq $(head -n 1 temp | awk '{print NF}')`; do cut -d " " -f $i temp | paste -s -d " " >> result; done
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# ls
a.txt  result  temp
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat result   ## 结果文件
e d e
t u i
a g z
d g j
c d w
b e l
z b j
c h h
root@DESKTOP-1N42TVH:/home/test3# cat a.txt
e t d u e i
a d g g z j
c b d e w l
z c b h j h