Java教程
HM-SpringCloud微服务系列7.2【自动补全】
本文主要是介绍HM-SpringCloud微服务系列7.2【自动补全】，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
自动补全需求说明
当用户在搜索框输入字符时，我们应该提示出与该字符有关的搜索项，如图：
这种根据用户输入的字母，提示完整词条的功能，就是自动补全了。
因为需要根据拼音字母来推断，因此要用到拼音分词功能
1 拼音分词器
1.1 拼音分词器介绍
要实现根据字母做补全，就必须对文档按照拼音分词。在GitHub上恰好有elasticsearch的拼音分词插件。地址：https://github.com/medcl/elasticsearch-analysis-pinyin
安装方式与IK分词器一样，分三步：
①解压
②上传到虚拟机中，elasticsearch的plugin目录
③重启elasticsearch
④测试
详细安装步骤可以参考IK分词器的安装过程https://www.cnblogs.com/yppah/p/15936823.html。
1.2 拼音分词器安装
1.3 测试
点击查看代码
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "ru",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "rjjdhbcm",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "jia",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 1
},
{
"token" : "jiu",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 2
},
{
"token" : "dian",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 3
},
{
"token" : "hai",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 4
},
{
"token" : "bu",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 5
},
{
"token" : "cuo",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 6
},
{
"token" : "ma",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 0,
"type" : "word",
"position" : 7
}
]
}
2 自定义分词器
2.1 默认的拼音分词器
- 默认的拼音分词器会将每个汉字单独分为拼音，而我们希望的是每个词条形成一组拼音，需要对拼音分词器做个性化定制，形成自定义分词器。
- elasticsearch中分词器（analyzer）的组成包含三部分：
- character filters：在tokenizer之前对文本进行处理。例如删除字符、替换字符
- tokenizer：将文本按照一定的规则切割成词条（term）。例如keyword，就是不分词；还有ik_smart
- tokenizer filter：将tokenizer输出的词条做进一步处理。例如大小写转换、同义词处理、拼音处理等
- 文档分词时会依次由这三部分来处理文档：
2.2 自定义分词器
2.2.1
点击查看代码
# 自定义拼音分词器
PUT /test
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"my_analyzer": {
"tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
"filter": "py"
}
},
"filter": {
"py": {
"type": "pinyin",
"keep_full_pinyin": false,
"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
"keep_original": true,
"limit_first_letter_length": 16,
"remove_duplicated_term": true,
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
}
}
}
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"name": {
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "my_analyzer"
}
}
}
}
POST /test/_analyze
{
"text": ["如家酒店还不错"],
"analyzer": "my_analyzer"
}
点击查看代码
{
"tokens" : [
{
"token" : "如家",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 2,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "rujia",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 2,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "rj",
"start_offset" : 0,
"end_offset" : 2,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 0
},
{
"token" : "酒店",
"start_offset" : 2,
"end_offset" : 4,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 1
},
{
"token" : "jiudian",
"start_offset" : 2,
"end_offset" : 4,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 1
},
{
"token" : "jd",
"start_offset" : 2,
"end_offset" : 4,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 1
},
{
"token" : "还不",
"start_offset" : 4,
"end_offset" : 6,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 2
},
{
"token" : "haibu",
"start_offset" : 4,
"end_offset" : 6,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 2
},
{
"token" : "hb",
"start_offset" : 4,
"end_offset" : 6,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 2
},
{
"token" : "不错",
"start_offset" : 5,
"end_offset" : 7,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 3
},
{
"token" : "bucuo",
"start_offset" : 5,
"end_offset" : 7,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 3
},
{
"token" : "bc",
"start_offset" : 5,
"end_offset" : 7,
"type" : "CN_WORD",
"position" : 3
}
]
}
2.2.2
POST /test/_doc/1
{
"id": 1,
"name": "狮子"
}
POST /test/_doc/2
{
"id": 2,
"name": "虱子"
}
GET /test/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "掉入狮子笼咋办"
}
}
}
ok
?
原因分析
解决办法
解决
ok
2.3 小结
- 如何使用拼音分词器？
- ①下载pinyin分词器
- ②解压并放到elasticsearch的plugin目录
- ③重启即可
- 如何自定义分词器？
- ①创建索引库时，在settings中配置，可以包含三部分
- ②character filter
- ③tokenizer
- ④filter
- 拼音分词器注意事项？
- 为了避免搜索到同音字，搜索时不要使用拼音分词器
3 自动补全查询
- elasticsearch提供了Completion Suggester查询来实现自动补全功能。这个查询会匹配以用户输入内容开头的词条并返回。为了提高补全查询的效率，对于文档中字段的类型有一些约束：
- 参与补全查询的字段必须是completion类型。
- 字段的内容一般是用来补全的多个词条形成的数组
- 比如，一个这样的索引库：
# 创建索引库
PUT test2
{
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"title":{
"type": "completion"
}
}
}
}
- 然后插入下面的数据：
# 示例数据
POST test2/_doc
{
"title": ["Sony", "WH-1000XM3"]
}
POST test2/_doc
{
"title": ["SK-II", "PITERA"]
}
POST test2/_doc
{
"title": ["Nintendo", "switch"]
}
- 查询的DSL语句如下：
# 自动补全查询
GET /test2/_search
{
"suggest": {
"title_suggest": {
"text": "s", # 关键字
"completion": {
"field": "title", # 补全查询的字段
"skip_duplicates": true, # 跳过重复的
"size": 10 # 获取前10条结果
}
}
}
}
- 测试
点击查看代码
{
"took" : 565,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
},
"suggest" : {
"title_suggest" : [
{
"text" : "s",
"offset" : 0,
"length" : 1,
"options" : [
{
"text" : "SK-II",
"_index" : "test2",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "xuqv2n8BUtPonQDctNZG",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"title" : [
"SK-II",
"PITERA"
]
}
},
{
"text" : "Sony",
"_index" : "test2",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "xeqv2n8BUtPonQDcS9aX",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"title" : [
"Sony",
"WH-1000XM3"
]
}
},
{
"text" : "switch",
"_index" : "test2",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "x-qv2n8BUtPonQDcyNYX",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"title" : [
"Nintendo",
"switch"
]
}
}
]
}
]
}
}
4 实现酒店搜索框自动补全
- 现在，我们的hotel索引库还没有设置拼音分词器，需要修改索引库中的配置。但是我们知道索引库是无法修改的，只能删除然后重新创建。
- 另外，我们需要添加一个字段，用来做自动补全，将brand、suggestion、city等都放进去，作为自动补全的提示。
4.1 修改酒店映射结构
4.1.1 查看酒店数据原索引表
4.1.2 修改酒店索引表
点击查看代码
# 酒店数据索引库
PUT /hotel
{
"settings": {
"analysis": {
"analyzer": {
"text_anlyzer": {
"tokenizer": "ik_max_word",
"filter": "py"
},
"completion_analyzer": {
"tokenizer": "keyword",
"filter": "py"
}
},
"filter": {
"py": {
"type": "pinyin",
"keep_full_pinyin": false,
"keep_joined_full_pinyin": true,
"keep_original": true,
"limit_first_letter_length": 16,
"remove_duplicated_term": true,
"none_chinese_pinyin_tokenize": false
}
}
}
},
"mappings": {
"properties": {
"id":{
"type": "keyword"
},
"name":{
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart",
"copy_to": "all"
},
"address":{
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
},
"price":{
"type": "integer"
},
"score":{
"type": "integer"
},
"brand":{
"type": "keyword",
"copy_to": "all"
},
"city":{
"type": "keyword"
},
"starName":{
"type": "keyword"
},
"business":{
"type": "keyword",
"copy_to": "all"
},
"location":{
"type": "geo_point"
},
"pic":{
"type": "keyword",
"index": false
},
"all":{
"type": "text",
"analyzer": "text_anlyzer",
"search_analyzer": "ik_smart"
},
"suggestion":{
"type": "completion",
"analyzer": "completion_analyzer"
}
}
}
}
text_anlyzer用于全文检索
completion_analyzer用于自动补全，它采用keyword分词器（即不分词）然后转为拼音
4.2 修改HotelDoc实体
- HotelDoc中要添加一个字段，用来做自动补全，内容可以是酒店品牌、城市、商圈等信息。按照自动补全字段的要求，最好是这些字段的数组。
- 因此我们在HotelDoc中添加一个suggestion字段，类型为
List<String>，然后将brand、city、business等信息放到里面。
点击查看代码
package com.yppah.hoteldemo.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
public class HotelDoc {
private Long id;
private String name;
private String address;
private Integer price;
private Integer score;
private String brand;
private String city;
private String starName;
private String business;
private String location;
private String pic;
private Object distance;
private Boolean isAD;
// private String isAD;
private List<String> suggestion; //存储给用户自动补全的内容
public HotelDoc(Hotel hotel) {
this.id = hotel.getId();
this.name = hotel.getName();
this.address = hotel.getAddress();
this.price = hotel.getPrice();
this.score = hotel.getScore();
this.brand = hotel.getBrand();
this.city = hotel.getCity();
this.starName = hotel.getStarName();
this.business = hotel.getBusiness();
this.location = hotel.getLatitude() + ", " + hotel.getLongitude();
this.pic = hotel.getPic();
// 组装suggestion
// this.suggestion = Arrays.asList(this.brand, this.business);
if(this.business.contains("、")){
// business有多个值，需要切割
String[] arr = this.business.split("、");
// 添加元素
this.suggestion = new ArrayList<>();
this.suggestion.add(this.brand);
Collections.addAll(this.suggestion, arr); //Collections.addAll批量添加
}else {
this.suggestion = Arrays.asList(this.brand, this.business);
}
}
}
4.3 重新批量导入酒店数据
测试
GET /hotel/_search
{
"suggest": {
"suggestions": {
"text": "h",
"completion": {
"field": "suggestion",
"skip_duplicates": true,
"size": 5
}
}
}
}
点击查看代码
{
"took" : 4,
"timed_out" : false,
"_shards" : {
"total" : 1,
"successful" : 1,
"skipped" : 0,
"failed" : 0
},
"hits" : {
"total" : {
"value" : 0,
"relation" : "eq"
},
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
},
"suggest" : {
"suggestions" : [
{
"text" : "h",
"offset" : 0,
"length" : 1,
"options" : [
{
"text" : "和颐",
"_index" : "hotel",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "416268",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"address" : "朝阳路高井176号",
"brand" : "和颐",
"business" : "国贸地区",
"city" : "北京",
"id" : 416268,
"location" : "39.918277, 116.53015",
"name" : "和颐酒店(北京传媒大学财满街店)",
"pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb2/t1/G6/M00/52/13/Cii-TF3eP5GIJIOLAAUwsIVCxdAAAGKXgK5a0IABTDI239_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg",
"price" : 524,
"score" : 46,
"starName" : "三钻",
"suggestion" : [
"和颐",
"国贸地区"
]
}
},
{
"text" : "汉庭",
"_index" : "hotel",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "607915",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"address" : "滨河大道6033号海滨广场国皇大厦3楼",
"brand" : "汉庭",
"business" : "皇岗口岸/福田口岸",
"city" : "深圳",
"id" : 607915,
"location" : "22.528101, 114.064221",
"name" : "汉庭酒店(深圳皇岗店)",
"pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/qMyCJVYuW21nsCeEBt8CMfmEhra_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg",
"price" : 313,
"score" : 42,
"starName" : "二钻",
"suggestion" : [
"汉庭",
"皇岗口岸/福田口岸"
]
}
},
{
"text" : "海岸城/后海",
"_index" : "hotel",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1406627919",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"address" : "海德一道88号中洲控股中心A座",
"brand" : "万豪",
"business" : "海岸城/后海",
"city" : "深圳",
"id" : 1406627919,
"location" : "22.517293, 113.933785",
"name" : "深圳中洲万豪酒店",
"pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/3wsinQAcuWtCdmv1yxauVG2PSYpC_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg",
"price" : 204,
"score" : 47,
"starName" : "五钻",
"suggestion" : [
"万豪",
"海岸城/后海"
]
}
},
{
"text" : "皇冠假日",
"_index" : "hotel",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "56392",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"address" : "番禺路400号",
"brand" : "皇冠假日",
"business" : "徐家汇地区",
"city" : "上海",
"id" : 56392,
"location" : "31.202768, 121.429524",
"name" : "上海银星皇冠假日酒店",
"pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/37ucQ38K3UFdcRqntJ8M5dt884HR_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg",
"price" : 809,
"score" : 47,
"starName" : "五星级",
"suggestion" : [
"皇冠假日",
"徐家汇地区"
]
}
},
{
"text" : "豪生",
"_index" : "hotel",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "45870",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"address" : "新元南路555号",
"brand" : "豪生",
"business" : "滴水湖临港地区",
"city" : "上海",
"id" : 45870,
"location" : "30.871729, 121.81959",
"name" : "上海临港豪生大酒店",
"pic" : "https://m.tuniucdn.com/fb3/s1/2n9c/2F5HoQvBgypoDUE46752ppnQaTqs_w200_h200_c1_t0.jpg",
"price" : 896,
"score" : 45,
"starName" : "四星级",
"suggestion" : [
"豪生",
"滴水湖临港地区"
]
}
}
]
}
]
}
}
至此，基于DSL的酒店数据自动补全功能已实现（以拼音方式）
4.4 自动补全查询的JavaAPI
4.4.1
- 之前我们学习了自动补全查询的DSL，而没有学习对应的JavaAPI，这里给出一个示例：
- 测试
@Test void testSuggestion() throws IOException { // 1. 准备request SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("hotel"); // 2. 准备DSL request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion( "suggestions", SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggestion") .prefix("h") .skipDuplicates(true) .size(5) )); // 3. 发起请求 SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); // 4. 解析响应 System.out.println(response); }
4.4.2
-
而自动补全的结果也比较特殊，解析的代码如下：
-
测试
点击查看代码
@Test void testSuggestion() throws IOException { // 1. 准备request SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("hotel"); // 2. 准备DSL request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion( "suggestions", SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggestion") .prefix("h") .skipDuplicates(true) .size(5) )); // 3. 发起请求 SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT); // 4. 解析响应 // System.out.println(response); Suggest suggest = response.getSuggest(); // 4.1 根据补全查询名称获取补全结果 CompletionSuggestion suggentions = suggest.getSuggestion("suggestions"); // 4.2 获取options List<CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option> options = suggentions.getOptions(); // 4.3 遍历options for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option: options) { String text = option.getText().toString(); System.out.println(text); } }
4.5 实现搜索框自动补全
- 查看前端页面，可以发现当我们在输入框键入时，前端会发起ajax请求：
- 返回值是补全词条的集合，类型为
List<String>
4.5.1 HotelController
@GetMapping("suggestion")
public List<String> getSuggestion(@RequestParam("key") String prefix) {
return hotelService.getSuggestion(prefix);
}
4.5.2 IhotelService
List<String> getSuggestion(String prefix);
4.5.3 HotelService
点击查看代码
// 参考HotelSearchTest的testAggregation()
@Override
public List<String> getSuggestion(String prefix) {
//ctrl+alt+t快捷键，利用trycatch或者其他将目标代码块包含起来
try {
// 1. 准备request
SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest("hotel");
// 2. 准备DSL
request.source().suggest(new SuggestBuilder().addSuggestion(
"suggestions",
SuggestBuilders.completionSuggestion("suggestion")
.prefix(prefix)
.skipDuplicates(true)
.size(5)
));
// 3. 发起请求
SearchResponse response = client.search(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
// 4. 解析响应
// System.out.println(response);
Suggest suggest = response.getSuggest();
// 4.1 根据补全查询名称获取补全结果
CompletionSuggestion suggentions = suggest.getSuggestion("suggestions");
// 4.2 获取options
List<CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option> options = suggentions.getOptions();
// 4.3 遍历options
List<String> resList = new ArrayList<>(options.size());
for (CompletionSuggestion.Entry.Option option: options) {
String text = option.getText().toString();
resList.add(text);
}
return resList;
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
4.5.4 重启服务测试
至此，自动补全和拼音搜索功能均已实现
这篇关于HM-SpringCloud微服务系列7.2【自动补全】的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持为之网！
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