RabbitMQ是一个消息队列,它能够接收和转发消息。这个过程就像寄快递一样,把物件打包给快递小哥,快递小哥会负责把物件派送到正确的地址。
生产者就是用来生产消息(发送消息)的:
消费者就是用来消费消息(接收消息)的:
在生产者和消费者之间的就是消息队列:
它相当于消息缓冲区,最多能存储多少数据只受限于机器的内存和磁盘。多个生产者可以发送消息给同一个队列,多个消费者也可以从同一个队列接收消息。
参考mall商城学习教程的RabbitMQ部分内容:
http://www.macrozheng.com/#/architect/mall_arch_09?id=rabbitmq
原文中rabbitmq-server-3.7.14.exe
下载地址失效了,改从这里下载:
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-server/releases/tag/v3.7.14
安装完成后,确认服务已开启:
进入RabbitMQ安装目录下的sbin目录:
在地址栏输入cmd并回车启动命令行,然后输入以下命令启动管理功能:
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
RabbitMQ运行在本地机器上:
http://localhost:15672/
默认用户名密码为guest / guest:
amqp-client-5.7.1.jar
是RabbitMQ官方提供的Java客户端:
https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-one-java.html
既可以直接下载jar包,也可以在Maven中添加依赖:
<dependency> <groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId> <artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId> <version>5.14.2</version> </dependency>
导包:
import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
创建类Send,定义队列名为hello:
public class Send { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { ... } }
建立连接:
ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); try (Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel()) { }
java.io.Closeable
,try语句会自动关闭连接。声明消息队列,并发送Hello World!
消息到队列中:
channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes()); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'");
Send.java
完整代码:
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-tutorials/blob/master/java/Send.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class Send { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); try (Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel()) { channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); String message = "Hello World!"; channel.basicPublish("", QUEUE_NAME, null, message.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); System.out.println(" [x] Sent '" + message + "'"); } } }
消费消息的代码跟生产消息的代码类似,也需要导包,建立连接:
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback; public class Recv { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C"); } }
导包中有个DeliverCallback
,通过它就能消费消息:
DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> { String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), "UTF-8"); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); }; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { });
因为发送消息和接收消息都是异步的,所以它叫做,callback,回调。
Recv.java
完整代码:
https://github.com/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-tutorials/blob/master/java/Recv.java
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import com.rabbitmq.client.Connection; import com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory; import com.rabbitmq.client.DeliverCallback; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class Recv { private final static String QUEUE_NAME = "hello"; public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception { ConnectionFactory factory = new ConnectionFactory(); factory.setHost("localhost"); Connection connection = factory.newConnection(); Channel channel = connection.createChannel(); channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_NAME, false, false, false, null); System.out.println(" [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C"); DeliverCallback deliverCallback = (consumerTag, delivery) -> { String message = new String(delivery.getBody(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8); System.out.println(" [x] Received '" + message + "'"); }; channel.basicConsume(QUEUE_NAME, true, deliverCallback, consumerTag -> { }); } }
运行Send.java
生产消息后,能看到RabbitMQ后台已经有1条消息:
和1个消息队列:
并且发送完成后就断开了连接。
运行Recv.java
消费消息后,能看到队列中已经没有消息了:
而消费者仍然保持着连接,持续监控新消息。如果把消费者停掉,连接就会断开。
从消息队列中能看到整个过程如下图所示:
参考资料:
https://www.rabbitmq.com/tutorials/tutorial-one-java.html
http://www.macrozheng.com/#/architect/mall_arch_09?id=rabbitmq