通过mysql执行计划可以查看SQL语句的具体执行过程,达到优化SQL的目的,以提高SQL语句执行效率
Column | Meaning |
---|---|
id | The SELECT identifier |
select_type | The SELECT type |
table | The table for the output row |
partitions | The matching partitions |
type | The join type |
possible_keys | The possible indexes to choose |
key | The index actually chosen |
key_len | The length of the chosen key |
ref | The columns compared to the index |
rows | Estimate of rows to be examined |
filtered | Percentage of rows filtered by table condition |
extra | Additional information |
id
查询序列号,当引用其他行的并集结果时可以为null,通过id可以知道查询子句或操作表的执行顺序
分为3种情况:
select_type
主要用来区分查询类型,是普通查询还是子查询
select_type Value | Meaning |
---|---|
SIMPLE | Simple SELECT (not using UNION or subqueries) |
PRIMARY | Outermost SELECT |
UNION | Second or later SELECT statement in a UNION |
DEPENDENT UNION | Second or later SELECT statement in a UNION, dependent on outer query |
UNION RESULT | Result of a UNION |
SUBQUERY | First SELECT in subquery |
DEPENDENT SUBQUERY | First SELECT in subquery, dependent on outer query |
DERIVED | Derived table |
SIMPLE
没有使用任何联合查询或子查询
explain select * from t_user u
PRIMARY
最外层的查询为PRIMARY
explain select user_name from t_user where dept_id = (select id from t_dept where name = 'test')
UNION
第二个或最后一个使用union之后的查询为UNION
explain select * from t_user where user_name = 'test' UNION select * from t_user where user_name = 'zs'
DEPENDENT UNION
与UNION类似,但结果会受外部表影响
explain select * from t_user where id in (select id from t_user where user_name = 'test' UNION select id from t_user where user_name = 'zs')
UNION RESULT
从union获得结果的查询
explain select * from t_user where user_name = 'test' UNION select * from t_user where user_name = 'zs'
*SUBQUERY *
在子查询中的第一个查询
explain select user_name from t_user where dept_id = (select id from t_dept where name = 'test')
DEPENDENT SUBQUERY
与SUBQUERY 类似,但结果受外部表影响
explain select * from t_user where id in (select id from t_user where user_name = 'test' UNION select id from t_user where user_name = 'zs')
DERIVED
派生表,写在from后面的子查询,在8.0中未复现出来
explain select * from (select id,user_name from t_user) t
table
表示对应行访问的表名或者别名,也允许以下值,
partitions
匹配的分区,非分区表时为null
type
type描述链接
possible_keys
查询时可能会用到的索引
key
实际用到的索引,与查询的列相同时,则表示使用的覆盖索引
key_len
表示使用的索引的字节数,长度越短越好
ref
显示索引哪一列被使用了,通常是个常数值,如果显示func,则表示使用的是某个函数的结果
rows
显示必须读取的数据行数,在 InnoDB 中这个值是预估值,这个值越小越好
filtered
表示被过滤行数的预估百分之,为100时,则没有过滤任何值,这个值越小越好
Extra
查询的一些附加信息
explain select * from t_user ORDER BY create_time
explain select dept_id from t_user where user_name = 'test' group by dept_id
explain select dept_id from t_user
explain select dept_id from t_user where create_time = '2022-3-21 15:48:24'
结语
上述案例用的mysql版本为8.0
表结构
CREATE TABLE `t_user` ( `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `user_name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户名', `create_time` datetime DEFAULT NULL, `dept_id` varchar(10) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `idx` (`user_name`) USING BTREE, KEY `idx1` (`dept_id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=5 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;
CREATE TABLE `t_dept` ( `id` int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`), KEY `idx` (`name`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb3;