C/C++教程
c++继承与派生，多态
/*继承与派生1
请以点类Point为基类派生出一个圆类Circle。
圆类Circle的数据成员为r（私有属性，存储圆的半径，圆心的点坐标通过继承点类Point加以实现），
成员函数有构造函数Circle、计算圆的面积函数Area、计算圆的周长函数Perimeter和输出函数Display，
其中构造函数实现基类和圆类的数据成员的初始化，
Display函数实现圆心坐标（利用基类Point的Display实现）、圆的半径、圆的面积（利用Area函数实现）和圆的周长（利用Perimeter函数实现）的输出。
请编写圆类的定义及成员函数实现，并在主函数中定义圆类对象，验证各个函数的正确性。
说明：圆周率PI的取值为3.14
已知Point类的定义及main代码如下：（不允许改动）
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const double Pi = 3.14;
class Point
{
public:
Point(double xx, double yy);
void Display();
private:
double x, y;
};
Point::Point(double xx, double yy)
{
x = xx;
y = yy;
}
void Point::Display()
{
cout << "Center:Point(" << x << "," << y << ")" << endl;
}
class Circle:public Point
{
public:
Circle(double xx,double yy, double r):Point(xx,yy)
{
c_r = r;
}
double Area()
{
return c_r * c_r * Pi;
}
double Perimeter()
{
return c_r * Pi * 2;
}
void Display()
{
Point::Display();
cout << "Radius:"<<c_r << endl;
cout << "Area:"<< Area() << endl;
cout << "Perimeter:"<< Perimeter() << endl;
}
private:
double c_r;
};
int main()
{
double x, y, r;
cin >> x >> y >> r;
Circle C(x, y, r);
C.Display();
return 0;
}
/*继承与派生2
1.Person类派生大学生CollegeStu类(1)。设计一个Person类，其属性包括姓名name和身份证号id，其中name为指针类型，id为整型，
编写成员函数：构造函数Person、Display函数（显示数据成员信息）和析构函数；
由Person类派生出大学生类CollegeStu，其属性有专业major（指针类型），C++程序设计课程成绩score（double型），
编写构造函数（实现数据初始化）、输出函数Display（包括name，id，major，score）。main的代码如下：（不允许改动）
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(char *name,int id)
{
int a = strlen(name);
m_name = new char[a+2];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < a; i++)
{
*(m_name+i) = *(name+i);
}
*(m_name + i + 1) = '\0';
m_id = id;
}
void Display()
{
cout << "Name:" << m_name << endl;
cout << "ID:" << m_id << endl;
}
~Person()
{
if (m_name != NULL)
{
delete[] m_name;
m_name = NULL;
}
}
private:
char* m_name;
int m_id;
};
class CollegeStu :public Person
{
public:
CollegeStu(char *name,int id,char *major,double score):Person(name,id)
{
int a = strlen(major);
m_major = new char[a+2];
int i;
for (i = 0;i < a; i++)
{
*(m_major+i) = *(major+i);
}
*(m_major + i+1 ) = '\0';
m_score = score;
}
void Display()
{
Person::Display();
cout << "Major:"<< m_major<<endl;
cout << "C++ Score:"<< m_score<<endl;
}
~CollegeStu()
{
if (m_major != NULL)
{
delete[] m_major;
m_major = NULL;
}
}
private:
char* m_major;
double m_score;
};
int main()
{
char name[81], major[81];
int id;
double score;
cin >> name >> id >> major >> score;
CollegeStu cs(name, id, major, score);
cs.Display();
return 0;
}
/*继承与派生3
Person类派生大学生CollegeStu类(2)。
设计一个Person类，其属性包括姓名name和身份证号id，其中name为指针类型，id为整型，
编写成员函数：构造函数Person、Display函数（显示数据成员信息）和析构函数；
由Person类派生出大学生类CollegeStu，其属性有专业major（指针类型），C++程序设计课程成绩score（double型），
编写构造函数（实现数据初始化）、输出函数Display（只输出major，score）。main的代码如下：（不允许改动）
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(char *name,int id)
{
int a = strlen(name);
m_name = new char[a+1];
for (int i = 0; i < a; i++)
{
*(m_name+i) = *(name+i);
}
m_id = id;
}
void Display()
{
cout << "Name:" << m_name << endl;
cout << "ID:" << m_id << endl;
}
~Person()
{
if (m_name != NULL)
{
delete[] m_name;
m_name = NULL;
}
}
private:
char* m_name;
int m_id;
};
class CollegeStu :public Person
{
public:
CollegeStu(char *name,int id,char *major,double score):Person(name,id)
{
int a = strlen(major);
m_major = new char[a+1];
for (int i = 0;i < a; i++)
{
*(m_major+i) = *(major+i);
}
m_score = score;
}
void Display()
{
cout << "Major:"<< m_major<<endl;
cout << "C++ Score:"<< m_score<<endl;
}
~CollegeStu()
{
if (m_major != NULL)
{
delete[] m_major;
m_major = NULL;
}
}
private:
char* m_major;
double m_score;
};
int main()
{
char name[81], major[81];
int id;
double score;
cin >> name >> id >> major >> score;
CollegeStu cs(name, id, major, score);
cs.Person::Display();
cs.Display();
return 0;
}
/*继承与派生3
Person类派生大学生CollegeStu类(2)。
设计一个Person类，其属性包括姓名name和身份证号id，其中name为指针类型，id为整型，
编写成员函数：构造函数Person、Display函数（显示数据成员信息）和析构函数；
由Person类派生出大学生类CollegeStu，其属性有专业major（指针类型），C++程序设计课程成绩score（double型），
编写构造函数（实现数据初始化）、输出函数Display（只输出major，score）。main的代码如下：（不允许改动）
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
class Person
{
public:
Person(char *name,int id)
{
int a = strlen(name);
m_name = new char[a+2];
int i;
for (i = 0; i < a; i++)
{
*(m_name+i) = *(name+i);
}
*(m_name + i + 1) = '\0';
m_id = id;
}
void Display()
{
cout << "Name:" << m_name << endl;
cout << "ID:" << m_id << endl;
}
~Person()
{
if (m_name != NULL)
{
delete[] m_name;
m_name = NULL;
}
}
private:
char* m_name;
int m_id;
};
class CollegeStu :public Person
{
public:
CollegeStu(char *name,int id,char *major,double score):Person(name,id)
{
int a = strlen(major);
m_major = new char[a+2];
int i;
for (i = 0;i < a; i++)
{
*(m_major+i) = *(major+i);
}
*(m_major + i+1 ) = '\0';
m_score = score;
}
void Display()
{
cout << "Major:"<< m_major<<endl;
cout << "C++ Score:"<< m_score<<endl;
}
~CollegeStu()
{
if (m_major != NULL)
{
delete[] m_major;
m_major = NULL;
}
}
private:
char* m_major;
double m_score;
};
int main()
{
char name[81], major[81];
int id;
double score;
cin >> name >> id >> major >> score;
CollegeStu cs(name, id, major, score);
cs.Person::Display();
cs.Display();
return 0;
}
/*继承与派生4
已知Base为基类，派生出Derived类，两个类的定义及main的代码如下（不允许改动），
请完成Base类和Derived类的构造函数和析构函数，能够根据输入获取相应的输出。
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
private:
int b;
public:
Base(int);
~Base();
};
Base::Base(int a_b)
{
b = a_b;
cout << "Base" << " " << b << " " << "says" << " " << "hello" << endl;
}
Base::~Base()
{
cout << "Base" << " " << b << " " << "says" << " " << "goodbye" << endl;
}
class Derived :public Base
{
private:
int d;
public:
Derived(int, int);
~Derived();
};
Derived::Derived(int a_b, int a_d):Base(a_b)
{
d = a_d;
cout << "Derived" << " " << d << " " << "says" << " " << "hi" << endl;
}
Derived::~Derived()
{
cout << "Derived" << " " << d << " " << "says" << " " << "bye" << endl;
}
int main()
{
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
Derived dr(a, b);
return 0;
}
/*继承与派生5
由Array类派生出有序数组SortArray类，SortArray类中实现有序数组的插入。
已知Array类的定义如下（不允许增加成员函数）：
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
const int MaxSize = 100;
class Array
{
public:
Array();
int Length();
double Get(int pos);
void Insert(int pos, double x);
void Display();
private:
double data[MaxSize];
int length;
};
Array::Array()
{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
data[i] = 0;
}
length = 0;
}
int Array::Length()
{
return length + 1;
}
void Array::Insert(int pos, double x)
{
length = pos;
data[pos] = x;
}
double Array::Get(int pos)
{
return data[pos];
}
void Array::Display()
{
cout << "The length:" << Length() << endl;
}
class SortArray :private Array
{
public:
SortArray();
int Length();
double Get(int pos);
void Display();
void Insert(double x);
};
SortArray::SortArray()
{
}
int SortArray::Length()
{
return Array::Length();
}
double SortArray::Get(int pos)
{
double data2[MaxSize];
for (int i = 0; i < Length(); i++)
{
data2[i] = Array::Get(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < Length() - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Length() - 1 - i; j++)
{
double temp;
if (data2[j] > data2[j + 1])
{
temp = data2[j];
data2[j] = data2[j + 1];
data2[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
return data2[pos];
}
void SortArray::Display()
{
Array::Display();
cout << "The elements:";
for (int i = 0; i < Length(); i++)
{
cout << Get(i) << " ";
}
}
void SortArray::Insert(double x)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (Array::Get(i) == 0)
{
Array::Insert(i, x);
break;
}
}
}
int main()
{
SortArray sa;
double num;
while (1)
{
cin >> num;
if (fabs(num) <= 1e-6) break;
try
{
sa.Insert(num); //
}
catch (char* message)
{
cout << message << endl;
}
}
sa.Display();
return 0;
}
继承与派生6
Description
已知Array类的定义如下（不允许增加成员函数）：
class Array
{
public:
Array(int size);
//构造函数，初始化数据成员（为data分配内存，MaxSize置为size，length置为0）
int Length(); //获取顺序表实际长度
double Get(int pos); //获取下标为pos的元素的值
void Insert(int pos, double x); //在下标pos处插入x
void Display(); //输出线性表
private:
double *data; //存储元素
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
using namespace std;
class Array
{
public:
Array(int size);
int Length();
double Get(int pos);
void Insert(int pos, double x);
void Display();
~Array();
private:
double* data;
int MaxSize;
int length;
};
Array::Array(int size)
{
MaxSize = size;
data = new double[MaxSize];
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)
{
*(data+i) = 0;
}
length = 0;
}
int Array::Length()
{
return length + 1;
}
double Array::Get(int pos)
{
return *(data+pos);
}
void Array::Insert(int pos, double x)
{
length = pos;
*(data+pos) = x;
}
void Array::Display()
{
cout << "The length:" << Length() << endl;
}
Array::~Array()
{
if (data != NULL)
{
delete[] data;
data = NULL;
}
}
class SortArray :private Array
{
public:
SortArray(int size);
int Length();
double Get(int pos);
void Display();
void Insert(double x);
};
SortArray::SortArray(int size):Array(size)
{
}
int SortArray::Length()
{
return Array::Length();
}
double SortArray::Get(int pos)
{
double data2[100];
for (int i = 0; i < Length(); i++)
{
data2[i] = Array::Get(i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < Length() - 1; i++)
{
for (int j = 0; j < Length() - 1 - i; j++)
{
double temp;
if (data2[j] > data2[j + 1])
{
temp = data2[j];
data2[j] = data2[j + 1];
data2[j + 1] = temp;
}
}
}
return data2[pos];
}
void SortArray::Display()
{
Array::Display();
cout << "The elements:";
for (int i = 0; i < Length(); i++)
{
cout << Get(i) << " ";
}
}
void SortArray::Insert(double x)
{
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
{
if (Array::Get(i) == 0)
{
Array::Insert(i, x);
break;
}
}
}
int main()
{
int size;
cin >> size;
SortArray sa(size);
double num;
while (1)
{
cin >> num;
if (fabs(num) <= 1e-6) break;
try
{
sa.Insert(num);
}
catch (char* wrong)
{
cout << wrong << endl;
}
}
sa.Display();
return 0;
}
/*继承与派生7
已知由Automobille类派生出Car类和Wagon类，而后两者共同派生出StationWagon类，
各类的定义及main中的代码（不允许改动）如下，请实现各个类的成员函数，完成相应的输出：
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
class Automobile
{
private:
int power;
public:
Automobile(int p);
void Display();
};
Automobile::Automobile(int p)
{
power = p;
}
void Automobile::Display()
{
cout << "Power:" << power << endl;
}
class Car :virtual public Automobile
{
private:
int seat;
public:
Car(int p, int s);
void Display();
};
Car::Car(int p, int s):Automobile(p)
{
seat=s;
}
void Car::Display()
{
cout << "Seat:" << seat << endl;
}
class Wagon :virtual public Automobile
{
private:
int load;
public:
Wagon(int p, int l);
void Display();
};
Wagon::Wagon(int p, int l):Automobile(p)
{
load=l;
}
void Wagon::Display()
{
cout << "Load:" << load << endl;
}
class StationWagon :public Car, public Wagon
{
public:
StationWagon(int p, int s, int l);
void Display();
};
StationWagon::StationWagon(int p, int s, int l) :Automobile(p),Car(p, s), Wagon(p, l)
{
}
void StationWagon::Display()
{
cout << "StationWagon:"<<endl;
Automobile::Display();
Car::Display();
Wagon::Display();
}
int main()
{
int power, load, seat;
cin >> power >> seat >> load;
StationWagon sw(power, seat, load);
sw.Display();
return 0;
}
/*多态-虚函数问题
请以点类Point为基类派生出一个圆类Circle。
Point类的数据成员为x、y（私有属性，存储点的横纵坐标），
成员函数有构造函数Point（实现对数据成员x、y的初始化）、输出函数Display（输出点坐标）；
圆类Circle的数据成员为r（私有属性，存储圆的半径，圆心的点坐标通过继承点类Point加以实现），成员函数有构造函数Circle、
计算圆的面积函数Area、计算圆的周长函数Perimeter和输出函数Display，其中构造函数实现基类和圆类的数据成员的初始化，
Display函数实现圆心坐标、圆的半径、圆的面积（利用Area函数实现）和圆的周长（利用Perimeter函数实现）的输出。
实现Point类和Circle类的定义及成员函数。主函数的代码（不允许改动）如下：
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14;
class Point
{
public:
Point(double xx, double yy)
{
x = xx;
y = yy;
}
virtual void Display()
{
cout << "Point(" << x << "," << y << ")"<<endl;
cout << "Circle's center:Point(" << x << "," << y << ")"<<endl;
}
private:
double x;
double y;
};
class Circle:public Point
{
public:
Circle(double xx, double yy, double rr) :Point(xx, yy)
{
r = rr;
}
double Area()
{
return r * r * PI;
}
double Perimeter()
{
return 2 * PI * r;
}
void Display()
{
cout << "Radius:" << r<<endl;
cout << "Area:"<<Area() << endl;
cout << "Perimeter:" <<Perimeter() << endl;
}
private:
double r;
};
int main()
{
double x, y, r;
cin >> x >> y >> r;
Point* p;
p = new Point(x, y);
p->Display();
delete p;
p = new Circle(x, y, r);
p->Display();
delete p;
return 0;
}
/*多态-抽象类1
定义一个抽象类Shape，利用抽象类Shape派生圆类Circle，圆类Circle再派生出圆的内接正方形类In_Square和圆的外切正方形类Ex_Square。
main中利用指向抽象类的指针实现求圆、圆的内接正方形和圆的外切正方形的面积和周长的计算。
请实现各个类的成员函数，已知各类的定义及main中的代码如下（不允许修改）：
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14;
class Shape
{
public:
virtual double Area() = 0;
virtual double Perimeter() = 0;
};
class Circle :public Shape
{
public:
Circle(double rr);
double Radius();
double Area();
double Perimeter();
private:
double r;
};
Circle::Circle(double rr)
{
r = rr;
}
double Circle::Radius()
{
return r;
}
double Circle::Area()
{
return r * r * PI;
}
double Circle::Perimeter()
{
return 2 * r * PI;
}
class In_Square :public Circle
{
public:
In_Square(double rr);
double Area();
double Perimeter();
};
In_Square::In_Square(double rr):Circle(rr){}
double In_Square::Area()
{
return Radius() * Radius()*2;
}
double In_Square::Perimeter()
{
return 4 * sqrt(Radius() * Radius()*2);
}
class Ex_Square :public Circle
{
public:
Ex_Square(double r);
double Area();
double Perimeter();
};
Ex_Square::Ex_Square(double r):Circle(r){}
double Ex_Square::Area()
{
return 2*Radius() * 2*Radius();
}
double Ex_Square::Perimeter()
{
return 2 * 4 * Radius();
}
int main()
{
Shape* ptr;
double r;
cin >> r;
ptr = new Circle(r);
cout << "Circle's area:" << ptr->Area() << endl;
cout << "Circle's perimeter:" << ptr->Perimeter() << endl;
ptr = new In_Square(r);
cout << "In_Square's area:" << ptr->Area() << endl;
cout << "In_Square's perimeter:" << ptr->Perimeter() << endl;
ptr = new Ex_Square(r);
cout << "Ex_Square's area:" << ptr->Area() << endl;
cout << "Ex_Square's perimeter:" << ptr->Perimeter() << endl;
return 0;
}
/*多态-抽象类2
定义一个抽象类Shape，应用抽象类Shape派生圆类Circle和长方形类Rectangle。
请完成各个类的定义及成员函数实现。已知Shape类的定义及main中的代码如下（不允许修改）：
#include<iostream>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14;
class Shape
{
public:
virtual double Area() = 0;
virtual double Perimeter() = 0;
};
class Circle:public Shape
{
public:
Circle(double rr)
{
r = rr;
}
double Area()
{
return r * r * PI;
}
double Perimeter()
{
return r * 2 * PI;
}
private:
double r;
};
class Rectangle :public Shape
{
public:
Rectangle(double aa, double bb)
{
a = aa;
b = bb;
}
double Area()
{
return a*b;
}
double Perimeter()
{
return (a+b)*2;
}
private:
double a;
double b;
};
int main()
{
double r, a, b;
char* s[2] = { "Circle:\n","Rectangle:\n" };
cin >> r >> a >> b;
Shape* ptr[] = { new Circle(r),new Rectangle(a,b) };
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++)
{
cout << s[i];
cout << "Area:" << ptr[i]->Area() << endl;
cout << "Perimeter:" << ptr[i]->Perimeter() << endl;
}
return 0;
}
/*抽象类（3）
定义一个几何图形抽象类Shape，再派生出一个圆类Circle，数据成员为r，
圆类再派生出内接等边三角形类In_Triangle和外切等边三角形类Ex_Triangle。
部分代码已知如下，勿改动，请在此基础上完善代码，并编写main函数，
利用指向Shape类的指针实现各个派生类的面积、周长的函数调用，得到相应的输出结果。圆周率PI值取3.14。
#include<iostream>
#include<cmath>
using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14;
class Shape
{
public:
virtual double Area() = 0;
virtual double Perimeter() = 0;
};
class Circle :public Shape
{
public:
Circle(double rr);
double Area();
double Perimeter();
protected:
double r;
};
Circle::Circle(double rr)
{
r = rr;
}
double Circle::Area()
{
return r * r * PI;
}
double Circle::Perimeter()
{
return r * 2 * PI;
}
class In_Triangle :public Circle
{
public:
In_Triangle(double rr);
double Area();
double Perimeter();
};
In_Triangle::In_Triangle(double rr) :Circle(rr){}
double In_Triangle::Area()
{
return 3*0.5*r*r*sqrt(3)/2;
}
double In_Triangle::Perimeter()
{
return 3*sqrt(3) * r;
}
class Ex_Triangle :public Circle
{
public:
Ex_Triangle(double r);
double Area();
double Perimeter();
};
Ex_Triangle::Ex_Triangle(double r):Circle(r){}
double Ex_Triangle::Area()
{
return 3*sqrt(3)*r*r;
}
double Ex_Triangle::Perimeter()
{
return 2*(3 * sqrt(3) * r * r)/r;
}
int main()
{
double r;
cin >> r;
Shape* S =new Circle(r);
cout << "Circle's area:"<<S->Area()<<endl<<"Circle's perimeter:"<<S->Perimeter()<<endl;
delete S;
S = new In_Triangle(r);
cout << "In_Triangle's area:" << S->Area() << endl << "In_Triangle's perimeter:" << S->Perimeter() << endl;
delete S;
S = new Ex_Triangle(r);
cout << "Ex_Triangle's area:" << S->Area() << endl << "Ex_Triangle's perimeter:" << S->Perimeter() << endl;
delete S;
return 0;
}
/*多态-运算符重载1
实现复数的<< ，>>， +， -的运算符重载
已知Complex类的定义（不允许添加）及main中的代码（不允许改动）如下：
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14;
class Complex
{
public:
Complex(double r = 0, double i = 0);
Complex operator +(const Complex& c);
Complex operator -(const Complex& c);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Complex& com);
friend istream& operator>>(istream& is, Complex& com);
void Display();
private:
double real;
double imag;
};
Complex::Complex(double r, double i)
{
real = r;
imag = i;
}
Complex Complex::operator +(const Complex& c)
{
Complex a;
a.real = real + c.real;
a.imag = imag + c.imag;
return a;
}
Complex Complex::operator -(const Complex& c)
{
Complex a;
a.real = real - c.real;
a.imag = imag - c.imag;
return a;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, Complex& com)
{
os << "Complex(" << com.real << "," << com.imag << ")";
return os;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& is, Complex& com)
{
is >> com.real>>com.imag;
return is;
}
void Complex::Display()
{
cout << "Complex(" << real << "," << imag << ")";
}
int main()
{
Complex c1, c2, c3;
cin >> c1 >> c2;
cout << c1 << "+" << c2 << "=";
c3 = c1 + c2;
cout << c3 << endl;
cout << c1 << "-" << c2 << "=";
c3 = c1 - c2;
cout << c3 << endl;
return 0;
}
/*多态-运算符重载2
实现Array类的>>、 <<的运算符重载。已知Array类的定义（不允许增加其它成员函数）及main中的代码如下（不允许修改）：
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
const int MaxSize = 100;
class Array {
public:
Array();
void Insert(int i, double x);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Array& arr);
friend istream& operator>>(istream& in, Array& arr);
private:
double data[MaxSize];
int length;
};
Array::Array()
{
length = 0;
}
void Array::Insert(int i, double x)
{
length = i+1;
data[i] = x;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Array& arr)
{
out << "Length:" << arr.length << endl;
out << "Data:";
for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++)
{
out << arr.data[i] << " ";
}
return out;
}
istream& operator>>(istream& in, Array& arr)
{
int n;
in >> n;
double x;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
in >> x;
arr.Insert(i, x);
}
return in;
}
int main() {
Array a;
cin >> a;
cout << a;
return 0;
}
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