概述: 计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
地球村:你在武汉,你一个美国的朋友
网络编程的目的:无线电台:传播交流信息,数据转换,通信
1:如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机:端口,定位到这个计算机的某个资源
2:找到这个主机,如何传输数据呢!
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
网络通信的两个要素
人工智能:智能汽车:工厂
传输层(Transport)TCP,UDP
1:网络编程中有两个主要的问题 : 如何准确的定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2:网络编程中的要素
IP和端口
网络通信协议 udp,tcp
3:万物皆对象
ip地址
ip地址:InetAddress
唯一定位一台网络上计算机
127.0.0.1: 本机:localhost
ip地址的分类
ipv4/ipv6
IPV4 127.0.0.1 , 4个字节组成,0-255,42亿;30忆都在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年就用尽
ipv6:128位,8个无符号整数!
公司(互联网)-私网(局域网)
ABCD类地址
192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部使用的
域名:记忆IP问题 ip:www.vip.com
package com.lesson03; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.UnknownHostException; //测试IP public class TestInetAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress3); InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress4); //查询网站ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress2); //常用方法 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getCanonicalHostName());//规范的名字 System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostAddress());//ip System.out.println(inetAddress2.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字 } catch (UnknownHostException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } }
端口:表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
不同的进程有不同的端口号!用来区分软件,端口号不能冲突
TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80 udp:80吗? 单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
端口的分类
公有端口0~1023
HTTP:80
HTTPS:443
FTP:21
Telent:23
程序注册端口:1024~49151,分配用户或者程序
Tomcat:8080
MySQL:3306
Oracle:1521
动态、私有:49152~65535
netstat -ano#查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr|“8696”#查看指定端口的进程 ctrl+shift+ESC
package com.lesson03; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; public class TestInetSocketAddress { public static void main(String[] args) { InetSocketAddress socketAddress=new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1",8080); InetSocketAddress socketAddress2=new InetSocketAddress("localhost",8080); System.out.println(socketAddress); System.out.println(socketAddress2); System.out.println(socketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(socketAddress.getHostName());//地址 System.out.println(socketAddress.getPort());//端口 } }
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常复杂?
大事化小:分层!
TCP/IP协议:实际上是一组协议
TCP:用户传输协议
UDP:用户数据报协议
IP:网络互联协议
TCP udp 对比
TCP:打电话
连接、稳定
A:你愁啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一次!
四次挥手 A:我要断开了 (我要走了) B:我知道你要断开了(你真的要走了吗?) B:你真的断开了吗?(你真的真的要走了吗?) A:我真的断开了 (我真的要走了)
1:连接服务器Socket
2:发送消息
package com.lesson03; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; //客户端 public class TcpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { Socket socket=null; OutputStream os=null; try { //要知道服务器的地址,端口号 InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port = 9999; //2:创建一个socket连接 socket = new Socket(serverIP, port); //3发送消息 IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好,欢迎学习狂神说java".getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { if (os!=null){ try { os.close(); }catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket!=null){ try { socket.close(); }catch (IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
1:建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2:等待用户的连接accept
3:接收用户的消息
package com.lesson03; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; //服务端 public class TcpServerDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) { ServerSocket serverSocket = null; Socket socket = null; InputStream is = null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null; try { //我有一个地址 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); //2:等待客户端连接过来 socket = serverSocket.accept(); //3:读取客户端的消息 is = socket.getInputStream(); //管道流 baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) { baos.write(buffer, 0, len); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //关闭资源 if (baos != null) { try { baos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (serverSocket != null) { try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
服务器端
package com.lesson03; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpServerDemo02 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //1:创建服务 ServerSocket serverSocket=new ServerSocket(9000); //2:监听客户端的连接 Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接 //3:获取输入流 InputStream is=socket.getInputStream(); //4:文件输出 FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(new File("receive")); byte[]buffer=new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1) { fos.write(buffer, 0, len); } //通知客户端,我接收完毕了 OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes()); //关闭资源 fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } }
客户端
package com.lesson03; import java.io.*; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.Socket; public class TcpClientDemo02 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //创建一个Socket连接 Socket socket=new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000); //2:创建一个输出流 OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream(); //3:读取文件 FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(new File("chenchen.jpg")); //4:写出文件 byte[] buffer=new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1) { os.write(buffer, 0, len); } //通知服务器,我已经结束了 socket.shutdownOutput();//我已经传输完了 //确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开连接 InputStream inputStream=socket.getInputStream(); //String byte[] ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[]buffer2=new byte[2014]; int len2; while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){ baos.write(buffer2,0,len2); } //5:关闭资源 baos.close(); inputStream.close(); fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); } }
发送消息
package com.lesson04; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetAddress; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; //不需要连接服务器 public class UdpClientDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { //建立一个Scoket DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(); //建个包 String msg="你好啊!服务器"; InetAddress localhost=InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); int port=9090; //数据,数据的长度起始,要发送给谁 DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port); //3:发送包 socket.send(packet); //4:关闭流 socket.close(); } }
接收端
package com.lesson04; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; //等待客户端的连接 public class UdpServerDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{ //开放端口 DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(9090); //接收数据包 byte[]buffer=new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length); socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接收 System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()); System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength())); //关闭连接 socket.close(); } }
循环发送消息
package com.chat; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; import java.net.InetSocketAddress; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; public class UdpSenderDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888); //准备数据,控制台读取System.in BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); while (true){ String data = reader.readLine(); byte[] datas = data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666)); socket.send(packet); if (data.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); } }
循环接收消息
package com.chat; import java.net.DatagramPacket; import java.net.DatagramSocket; public class UdpReceiveDemo01 { public static void main(String[] args)throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket=new DatagramSocket(6666); while (true) { //准备接收包裹 byte[] container = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length); socket.receive(packet);//阻塞式接收包裹 //断开链接bye byte[] data = packet.getData(); String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length); System.out.println(receiveData); if (receiveData.equals("bye")) { break; } } socket.close(); } }
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源 .
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
方法解析
import java.net.MalformedURLException; import java.net.URL; public class URLDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException { URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123"); System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议 System.out.println(url.getHost());//主机ip System.out.println(url.getPort());//端口 System.out.println(url.getPath());//文件 System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径 System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数 } }
运行结果
http localhost 8080 /helloworld/index.jsp /helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123 username=kuangshen&password=123
通过url下载网络资源
public class UrlDownLoad { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.下载地址 URL url = new URL("https://win-web-rc01-sycdn.kuwo.cn/303bdee656bd4a7ae6a0cfa8538f1157/614ad690/resource/n3/60/82/1536711583.mp3"); //2.连接 HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(); InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream outputStream = new FileOutputStream("逍遥.mp3"); byte[] bytes = new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=inputStream.read(bytes))!=-1){ outputStream.write(bytes,0,len); } outputStream.close(); inputStream.close(); urlConnection.disconnect(); } }