Bootstrap 是最受欢迎的 HTML、CSS 和 JS 框架,用于开发响应式布局、移动设备优先的 WEB 项目。
该框架是很多前端框架的鼻祖 学会它几乎可以熟悉很多框架的原理
地址:https://v3.bootcss.com/
bootstrap需要依赖于jQuery才能正常执行(动态效果)
PS: 第一次使用该框架的时候最好采用本地导入的方式,让pycharm记住bootstrap的关键字。
1.引入jQuery 2.引入bootstrap的css文件 3.引入bootstrap的js文件
将下载完的文件夹拖到pycharm编程项目中即可。(推荐3.4版本非常稳定)
1.引入jQuery CDN 2.引入bootstrap css的 CDN 3.引入bootstrap js的 CDN 导入到HTML文件中的<head>即可,如下图
下面进入第一个重要知识点,学会后就可以自己搭建页面了。
首先了解下多数浏览页面的左右两侧都有空白区域————称谓左右留白
container 左右留白 container-fluid 左右不留白
实际效果图:
Bootstrap 提供了一套响应式、移动设备优先的流式栅格系统,随着屏幕或视口(viewport)尺寸的增加,系统会自动分为最多12列,即响应式布局。
该系统能够自动监测浏览器窗口大小,从而根据大小来进行变化。
参数及使用:
row 行 # 一个row就是一行 一行是固定的12份 col-md-1 占几份 col-sm-1 占几份 col-xs-1 占几份 col-lg-1 占几份
实测:
代码:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <style> .c1{ background-color: red; height: 200px; border: 5px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 c1"></div> </div> </body> </html>
实际效果图:
这样只是在网页端是分布式布局,但是切换到移动端就变了,所以需要增加代码。
<div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-4"></div> <div class="col-lg-6 c1 col-sm-8"></div> 我这里将移动端页面改为4、8分成。
以下就是栅格系统需要掌握的代码参数
PS:对于小白来说,掌握这些就足够了!
列偏移:就是将任意份数的一行,进行向左或向右移动的操作。
col-md-offset-3 向右移动3份
编写一个表格,如下折叠代码。
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> // 向右移动3份,居中 <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> // 文本直接text-center即可。 <h2 class="text-center">用户数据表单</h2> // 添加表格的样式,用着三个即可。 <table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th>Age</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>张三</td> <td>18</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>李四</td> <td>18</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>王五</td> <td>18</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
使用框架调整页面样式一般都是操作标签的class属性。 即table中的class,添加了多种样式。 class = "table" table-hover 悬浮 table-bordered 增加边框 table-striped 增加背景颜色
实际效果图如下:
增加颜色后的body代码如下:
<body> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <!-- 向右移动3份,居中--> <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-3"> <!-- 文本直接text-center即可。--> <h2 class="text-center">用户数据表单</h2> <!-- 添加表格的样式,用着三个即可。--> <table class="table table-hover table-bordered table-striped"> <thead> <tr class="active"> <th>ID</th> <th>Name</th> <th>class="active"</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="success"> <td>1</td> <td>张三</td> <td>class="success"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="info"> <td>2</td> <td>李四</td> <td>class="info"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="warning"> <td>3</td> <td>王五</td> <td>class="warning"</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody> <tr class="danger"> <td>4</td> <td>赵六</td> <td>class="danger"</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </body>
实际效果图:
在form表单的优化页面中,只需记住下面一行代码即可。
<input type="text" class="form-control" disabled> form-control 优化页面 disbaled 禁止其与用户有任何交互
input输入框内阴影提示:
<form class="form-inline"> <div class="form-group"> <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputEmail3">Email address</label> <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail3" placeholder="Email"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label class="sr-only" for="exampleInputPassword3">Password</label> <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword3" placeholder="Password"> </div> <div class="checkbox"> <label> <input type="checkbox"> Remember me </label> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Sign in</button> </form>
实际效果图如下:
为 a、button 或 input 元素添加按钮类(button class)即可使用 Bootstrap 提供的样式。
想让谁变成按钮,就在他标签内添加class = "btn" 即可。
<!-- Standard button --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default">(默认样式)Default</button> <!-- Provides extra visual weight and identifies the primary action in a set of buttons --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">(首选项)Primary</button> <!-- Indicates a successful or positive action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-success">(成功)Success</button> <!-- Contextual button for informational alert messages --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-info">(一般信息)Info</button> <!-- Indicates caution should be taken with this action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">(警告)Warning</button> <!-- Indicates a dangerous or potentially negative action --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">(危险)Danger</button> <!-- Deemphasize a button by making it look like a link while maintaining button behavior --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-link">(链接)Link</button>
实际效果图如下:
复制图标下面的代码 不要和其他组件混合使用 图标类不能和其它组件直接联合使用。它们不能在同一个元素上与其他类共同存在。应该创建一个嵌套的 <span> 标签,并将图标类应用到这个 <span> 标签上。 只对内容为空的元素起作用 图标类只能应用在不包含任何文本内容或子元素的元素上。
综上以及学习bootstrap官网内容后,娱乐的代码如下:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.4.1/jquery.min.js"></script> <link href="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css"> <script src="bootstrap-3.4.1-dist/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="font-awesome-4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-inverse"> <div class="container-fluid"> <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display --> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a> </div> <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling --> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <form class="navbar-form navbar-left"> <div class="form-group"> <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search"> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button> </form> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> <li><a href="#">Link</a></li> <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu"> <li><a href="#">Action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li> <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li> <li role="separator" class="divider"></li> <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse --> </div><!-- /.container-fluid --> </nav> <div class="panel panel-primary"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h3 class="panel-title">标题</h3> </div> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="jumbotron"> <h1>Hello, world!</h1> <p>...</p> <p><a class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" href="#" role="button">Learn more</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <!-- Button trigger modal --> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal"> Launch demo modal </button> <!-- Modal --> <div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-header"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Modal title</h4> </div> <div class="modal-body"> ... </div> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-8 col-md-offset-2"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3"> <a href="#" class="thumbnail"> <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3"> <a href="#" class="thumbnail"> <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3"> <a href="#" class="thumbnail"> <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> <div class="col-xs-6 col-md-3"> <a href="#" class="thumbnail"> <img src="https://img1.baidu.com/it/u=1875739781,4152007440&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=1024&h=576" alt="..."> </a> </div> </div> <div class="progress"> <div class="progress-bar progress-bar-striped active" role="progressbar" aria-valuenow="45" aria-valuemin="0" aria-valuemax="100" style="width: 45%"> <span class="sr-only">45% Complete</span> </div> </div> <div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <!-- Indicators --> <ol class="carousel-indicators"> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li> <li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li> </ol> <!-- Wrapper for slides --> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="item active"> <img src="..." alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> ... </div> </div> <div class="item"> <img src="..." alt="..."> <div class="carousel-caption"> ... </div> </div> ... </div> <!-- Controls --> <a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Previous</span> </a> <a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next"> <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="sr-only">Next</span> </a> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="..."> <div class="caption"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>...</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Button</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="..."> <div class="caption"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>...</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Button</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 col-md-4"> <div class="thumbnail"> <img src="https://img0.baidu.com/it/u=3112218522,2073304928&fm=253&fmt=auto&app=120&f=JPEG?w=500&h=1026" alt="..."> <div class="caption"> <h3>Thumbnail label</h3> <p>...</p> <p><a href="#" class="btn btn-primary" role="button">Button</a> <a href="#" class="btn btn-default" role="button">Button</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a href="" class="btn btn-primary">点我</a> <input type="reset" class="btn btn-info"> <input type="reset" class="btn btn-info btn-sm"> <input type="reset" class="btn btn-info btn-lg"> <input type="reset" class="btn btn-info btn-block"> <h2 class="text-center">用户数据 <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-heart"></span></h2> <table class="table table-hover table-striped"> <thead> <tr> <th>ID</th> <th>NAME</th> <th>PWD</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="success"> <td>1</td> <td>jason</td> <td>123</td> </tr> <tr class="danger"> <td>2</td> <td>kevin</td> <td>321</td> </tr> <tr class="warning"> <td>3</td> <td>tony</td> <td>222</td> </tr> </tbody> <tbody></tbody> </table> <h2 class="text-center">用户注册 <i class="fa fa-bath" aria-hidden="true" style="color: red"></i></h2> <form action=""> <p>username: <input type="text" class="form-control" value="jason" disabled> </p> <p>password: <input type="text" class="form-control"> </p> <p> <input type="radio">男 <input type="radio">女 <input type="radio">其他 </p> <p> <select name="" id="" class="form-control"> <option value="">111</option> <option value="">222</option> <option value="">333</option> </select> </p> <input type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-block"> </form> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr-only">Loading...</span> <i class="fa fa-circle-o-notch fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr-only">Loading...</span> <i class="fa fa-refresh fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr-only">Loading...</span> <i class="fa fa-cog fa-spin fa-3x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr-only">Loading...</span> <i class="fa fa-spinner fa-pulse fa-3x fa-fw"></i> <span class="sr-only">Loading...</span> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-rounded"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-circle"> <img src="..." alt="..." class="img-thumbnail"> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>