1.登陆gitlab的安装服务查看配置文件

cat /var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-rails/etc/database.yml 

production:
  adapter: postgresql
  encoding: unicode
  collation:
  database: gitlabhq_production  //数据库名
  pool: 10
  username: 'gitlab'  //用户名
  password:
  host: '/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql'  //主机
  port: 5432
  socket:
  sslmode:
  sslrootcert:
  sslca:

查看/etc/passwd文件里边gitlab对应的系统用户

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
gitlab-www:x:496:493::/var/opt/gitlab/nginx:/bin/false
git:x:495:492::/var/opt/gitlab:/bin/sh
gitlab-redis:x:494:491::/var/opt/gitlab/redis:/bin/false
gitlab-psql:x:493:490::/var/opt/gitlab/postgresql:/bin/sh  //gitlab的postgresql用户

2.根据上面的配置信息登陆postgresql数据库

[root@localhost ~]# su - gitlab-psql     //登陆用户

-sh-4.1$ psql -h /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql -d gitlabhq_production   //连接到gitlabhq_production库

psql (9.2.18)
Type "help" for help.

gitlabhq_production=#  \h    //查看帮助命令

Available help:
ABORT CREATE FUNCTION DROP TABLE
ALTER AGGREGATE CREATE GROUP DROP TABLESPACE
ALTER COLLATION CREATE INDEX DROP TEXT SEARCH CONFIGURATION
ALTER CONVERSION CREATE LANGUAGE DROP TEXT SEARCH DICTIONARY
ALTER DATABASE CREATE OPERATOR DROP TEXT SEARCH PARSER
ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES CREATE OPERATOR CLASS DROP TEXT SEARCH TEMPLATE
ALTER DOMAIN CREATE OPERATOR FAMILY DROP TRIGGER
ALTER EXTENSION CREATE ROLE DROP TYPE

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

gitlabhq_production-# \l     //查看数据库
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges 
---------------------+-------------+----------+-------------+-------------+---------------------------------
gitlabhq_production | gitlab | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
postgres | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | 
template0 | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/"gitlab-psql" +
| | | | | "gitlab-psql"=CTc/"gitlab-psql"
template1 | gitlab-psql | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/"gitlab-psql" +
| | | | | "gitlab-psql"=CTc/"gitlab-psql"
(4 rows)

gitlabhq_production-# \c gitlabhq_production //进入gitlabhq_production库
 

gitlabhq_production-# \dt   //查看多表
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner 
--------+--------------------------------------+-------+--------
public | abuse_reports | table | gitlab
public | appearances | table | gitlab
public | application_settings | table | gitlab
public | audit_events | table | gitlab
public | award_emoji | table | gitlab
public | boards | table | gitlab
public | broadcast_messages | table | gitlab

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

gitlabhq_production-# \d abuse_reports    //查看单表
Table "public.abuse_reports"
Column | Type | Modifiers 
--------------+-----------------------------+------------------------------------------------------------
id | integer | not null default nextval('abuse_reports_id_seq'::regclass)
reporter_id | integer | 
user_id | integer | 
message | text | 
created_at | timestamp without time zone | 
updated_at | timestamp without time zone | 
message_html | text | 
Indexes:
"abuse_reports_pkey" PRIMARY KEY, btree (id)

 

gitlabhq_production-# \di    //查看索引
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner | Table 

--------+-----------------------------------------------------------------+-------+--------+--------------------------------
------
public | abuse_reports_pkey | index | gitlab | abuse_reports
public | appearances_pkey | index | gitlab | appearances
public | application_settings_pkey | index | gitlab | application_settings
public | audit_events_pkey | index | gitlab | audit_events
public | award_emoji_pkey | index | gitlab | award_emoji
public | boards_pkey | index | gitlab | boards
public | broadcast_messages_pkey | index | gitlab | broadcast_messages
public | chat_names_pkey | index | gitlab | chat_names
public | ci_application_settings_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_application_settings
public | ci_builds_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_builds
public | ci_commits_pkey | index | gitlab | ci_commits

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

 

gitlabhq_production=# SELECT spcname FROM pg_tablespace;  //查看所有表空间

spcname 
------------
pg_default
pg_global
(2 rows)

 

gitlabhq_production-# \q    //退出psql
-sh-4.1$ exit                //退出登录用户
logout

批量替换某个表字段的字符串

update tableA set field=replace(field,'value1','value2')

导出整个库：

pg_dump -h 127.0.0.1 -U testuser test >test.sql

导入整个库

psql -U testuser test < test.sql

注意：这里的testuser是postgres用户，test是数据库名称，而且，testuser需要有test的权限

这里笔者出现一个很大的坑，我是12的版本升级到13.12.15的。

创建项目时报错

经查是 

 gitlabhq_production  库中services 表缺少group_id字段导致的

CREATE TABLE public.services (
    id integer NOT NULL,
    type character varying,
    title character varying,
    project_id integer,
    created_at timestamp without time zone,
    updated_at timestamp without time zone,
    active boolean DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
    properties text,
    template boolean DEFAULT false,
    push_events boolean DEFAULT true,
    issues_events boolean DEFAULT true,
    merge_requests_events boolean DEFAULT true,
    tag_push_events boolean DEFAULT true,
    note_events boolean DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
    category character varying DEFAULT 'common'::character varying NOT NULL,
    "default" boolean DEFAULT false,
    wiki_page_events boolean DEFAULT true,
    pipeline_events boolean DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
    confidential_issues_events boolean DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
    commit_events boolean DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
    job_events boolean DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
    confidential_note_events boolean DEFAULT true,
    deployment_events boolean DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
    description character varying(500),
    comment_on_event_enabled boolean DEFAULT true NOT NULL,
    instance boolean DEFAULT false NOT NULL,
    comment_detail smallint,
    inherit_from_id bigint,
    alert_events boolean,
    group_id bigint
);

　解决方式

ALTER TABLE services add COLUMN group_id bigint;

查看表结构

# su - gitlab-psql
-sh-4.2$ pg_dump -s gitlabhq_production -t services