浅复制:如果容器中有可变对象如,列表,字典等,那么副本中存在的是源容器可变对象的引用
复制列表的两种方式:
>>> L1 = [1,2,3,4] >>> L2 = list(L1) # 方式一 >>> L3 = L1[:] # 方式二 >>> L1 == L2 == L3 True >>> L1 is L2 False >>> L2 is L3 False
深复制:副本不共享内部对象的引用,copy 模块的deepcopy()做深复制, copy()做浅复制
实例代码:
import copy class Bus: def __init__(self, passengers=None): if passengers is None: self.passengers = [] else: self.passengers = list(passengers) def pick(self, name): self.passengers.append(name) def drop(self, name): self.passengers.remove(name) if __name__ == '__main__': bus1 = Bus(['zhangfei', 'zhugeliang', 'zhaoyun', 'liubei']) bus2 = copy.copy(bus1) # 浅复制 bus3 = copy.deepcopy(bus1) # 深复制 print(id(bus1), id(bus2), id(bus3)) # out: 2154872061904 2154872061376 2154872056672 bus1.drop('zhugeliang') print(bus2.passengers) # out: ['zhangfei', 'zhaoyun', 'liubei'] # out: 2847485108864 2847485108864 2847481853376 # bus1 和 bus2 的 passengers 共享,因为浅拷贝 print(id(bus1.passengers), id(bus2.passengers), id(bus3.passengers)) print(bus3.passengers) # out: ['zhangfei', 'zhugeliang', 'zhaoyun', 'liubei'] 没有变化
在函数内部如果有传入可变参数,最好使用副本操作,这样不会影响外部,除非这个方法方法确实想修改通过参数传入的对象