解决Python中ZipFile解压文件名中文乱码的问题

• 问题复现
• 原因分析
• 解决办法

问题复现

压缩包目录结构

里面有中文.zip
├── 中文文件.txt
└── 中文文件夹
    └── 中文文件.txt

解压代码

from zipfile import ZipFile

with ZipFile(r'./里面有中文.zip') as zfp:
    zfp.extractall(r'./原版解压')

解压目录样式

原版解压
├── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■.txt
└── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■╝╨
    └── ╓╨╬─╬─╝■.txt

原因分析

zipfile.py中ZipFile在初始化时执行了这样一个方法，目的是读取目录结构，代码如下(可以不看)：

def _RealGetContents(self):
    """Read in the table of contents for the ZIP file."""
    fp = self.fp
    try:
        endrec = _EndRecData(fp)
    except OSError:
        raise BadZipFile("File is not a zip file")
    if not endrec:
        raise BadZipFile("File is not a zip file")
    if self.debug > 1:
        print(endrec)
    size_cd = endrec[_ECD_SIZE]  # bytes in central directory
    offset_cd = endrec[_ECD_OFFSET]  # offset of central directory
    self._comment = endrec[_ECD_COMMENT]  # archive comment

    # "concat" is zero, unless zip was concatenated to another file
    concat = endrec[_ECD_LOCATION] - size_cd - offset_cd
    if endrec[_ECD_SIGNATURE] == stringEndArchive64:
        # If Zip64 extension structures are present, account for them
        concat -= (sizeEndCentDir64 + sizeEndCentDir64Locator)

    if self.debug > 2:
        inferred = concat + offset_cd
        print("given, inferred, offset", offset_cd, inferred, concat)
    # self.start_dir:  Position of start of central directory
    self.start_dir = offset_cd + concat
    fp.seek(self.start_dir, 0)
    data = fp.read(size_cd)
    fp = io.BytesIO(data)
    total = 0
    while total < size_cd:
        centdir = fp.read(sizeCentralDir)
        if len(centdir) != sizeCentralDir:
            raise BadZipFile("Truncated central directory")
        centdir = struct.unpack(structCentralDir, centdir)
        if centdir[_CD_SIGNATURE] != stringCentralDir:
            raise BadZipFile("Bad magic number for central directory")
        if self.debug > 2:
            print(centdir)
        filename = fp.read(centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH])
        flags = centdir[5]
        if flags & 0x800:
            # UTF-8 file names extension
            filename = filename.decode('utf-8')
        else:
            # Historical ZIP filename encoding
            filename = filename.decode('cp437')
        # Create ZipInfo instance to store file information
        x = ZipInfo(filename)
        x.extra = fp.read(centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH])
        x.comment = fp.read(centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])
        x.header_offset = centdir[_CD_LOCAL_HEADER_OFFSET]
        (x.create_version, x.create_system, x.extract_version, x.reserved,
         x.flag_bits, x.compress_type, t, d,
         x.CRC, x.compress_size, x.file_size) = centdir[1:12]
        if x.extract_version > MAX_EXTRACT_VERSION:
            raise NotImplementedError("zip file version %.1f" %
                                      (x.extract_version / 10))
        x.volume, x.internal_attr, x.external_attr = centdir[15:18]
        # Convert date/time code to (year, month, day, hour, min, sec)
        x._raw_time = t
        x.date_time = ((d >> 9) + 1980, (d >> 5) & 0xF, d & 0x1F,
                       t >> 11, (t >> 5) & 0x3F, (t & 0x1F) * 2)

        x._decodeExtra()
        x.header_offset = x.header_offset + concat
        self.filelist.append(x)
        self.NameToInfo[x.filename] = x

        # update total bytes read from central directory
        total = (total + sizeCentralDir + centdir[_CD_FILENAME_LENGTH]
                 + centdir[_CD_EXTRA_FIELD_LENGTH]
                 + centdir[_CD_COMMENT_LENGTH])

        if self.debug > 2:
            print("total", total)

其中关于文件名编码的处理是这样的：

if flags & 0x800:
    # UTF-8 file names extension
    filename = filename.decode('utf-8')
else:
    # Historical ZIP filename encoding
    filename = filename.decode('cp437')

要么是utf-8要么是cp437，然而咱们在windows平台上压缩包文件名编码大多是gbk，这里用cp437解码了，所以会乱码

解决办法

只需要将filename重新编码cp437解码成gbk就好了，网络上大多数做法是对解压后的文件和目录操作，不太优雅。优雅一点点的方式是直接修改ZipFile对象中的filename

首先找到filename存在于哪里，同样在_RealGetContents这个函数中找到如下代码

x = ZipInfo(filename)
... # 省略若干行
# self是ZipFile对象
self.filelist.append(x)
self.NameToInfo[x.filename] = x

所以至少有两处存在filename

• 列表filelist存储的ZipInfo对象的filename属性
• 字典NameToInfo的键

加个补丁函数把这两处改了试试，代码如下：

from zipfile import ZipFile


def support_gbk(zip_file: ZipFile):
    name_to_info = zip_file.NameToInfo
    # copy map first
    for name, info in name_to_info.copy().items():
        real_name = name.encode('cp437').decode('gbk')
        if real_name != name:
            info.filename = real_name
            del name_to_info[name]
            name_to_info[real_name] = info
    return zip_file


with support_gbk(ZipFile(r'./里面有中文.zip')) as zfp:
    zfp.extractall(r'./中文不乱码')

解压出来目录结构如下

中文不乱码
├── 中文文件.txt
└── 中文文件夹
    └── 中文文件.txt

完事！

如有问题，欢迎交流！